Miyambo Yachikhalidwe mu USSR

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha USSR chinachitika m'zaka za dongosolo lachiwiri ndi lachiwiri lazaka zisanu. Cholinga chake chofunikira komanso choyamba chinali kuthetsa kusadziŵa kuwerenga pakati pa anthu. Kulemba mu 1926 pakati pa anthu a zaka zisanu ndi zinayi kapena kuposerapo anali 51.1%. M'madera ena, anthu ophunziridwa anali ochepa kwambiri. Kotero, Kazakhs anali ndi 9.1%, Kirghiz - 5.8%, Yakuts - 7.2%, Turkmen - 2.7%, Tajik - 3%.

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe mu Russia chinayamba ndi kuyitana kwa Pulezidenti wa Chikomyunizimu kuti athetse kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Chiwongolero chochotseratu kusadziŵa chafalikira mdziko lonse. Chotsatira cha phwando chidaitanidwa kuti aphunzire kuwerenga osaphunzira. Choncho, pofika mu 1930 chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe analowa nawo mu dziko lonseli chinali pafupifupi milioni imodzi. Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe mu USSR mu 1932 chinapitilira anthu oposa makumi atatu.

Pofuna kuthetsa kulemba ndi kuwerenga, kamodzi kokha kunali kofunikira kuletsa kuyendayenda kwa chibadwidwe chosaphunzira kuyambira m'badwo wokula. Choncho, maphunziro oyenerera a chilengedwe chonse adayambitsidwa m'dzikoli.

Kuphatikizapo kuthetsa kusadziŵa kuwerenga, luso lathandiza kwambiri zachuma ndi ndale. Lenin ananena kuti munthu wosaphunzira ali kunja kwa ndale. Osaphunzira, mwa lingaliro lake, sangathe kudziwa luso lamakono ndi kutenga gawo lodziwitsidwa popanga dongosolo la Socialist.

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ku USSR mu 1930 mpaka 1931 chinadziwika ndi kuyambitsa maphunziro a pulayimale a zaka zinayi kwa ana asanu ndi atatu mpaka khumi ndi atatu. M'madera ogwira ntchito, madera a mafakitale, midzi ya mafakitale kwa ana omwe anamaliza sukulu ya zaka zinayi, adayambitsa maphunziro a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zaulere.

Motero, kumapeto kwa Pulogalamu yazaka zisanu zoyambirira, maphunziro a chilengedwe chonse chokakamizika ankachitidwa pafupifupi lonse lonse.

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe mu USSR pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira zazaka zisanu zapitazo chinkazindikiridwa ndi zomangamanga zazikulu, zosawerengeka za sukulu. Kotero, mu 1929-32, pafupifupi sukulu zikwi khumi ndi zitatu zinamangidwa, zopangidwa kwa ophunzira 3.8 miliyoni, kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1937 - masukulu oposa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adalandira maphunziro apamwamba ndi apamwamba anawonjezeka ndi chaka cha 37 mpaka 29.6 miliyoni.

Kuphatikiza pa kupambana kwakukulu popanga maphunziro a sukulu, sukulu zamakono zamakono ndi masukulu apamwamba adakhazikitsidwa mu RSFSR ndi maboma ena. Pulogalamu yazaka zisanu zoyambirira, njira yowonjezera yowonjezera yapamwamba ndi yapamwamba inapangitsa kukonzekera oposa mazana anai, ndipo panthawi yachiwiri yazaka zisanu zapadera, aphunzitsi oposa awiri ndi apamwamba.

Pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira zazaka zisanu zapita patsogolo chitukuko chinawonekera pakukula kwa sayansi ya Soviet. Ntchito za ulimi zofunikira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makonzedwe ofunikira kupanga mapangidwe apamtima kwambiri ndi kupanga ndi kumanga zomangamanga. Panthawi imeneyo, ntchito za anthu otere monga IV Michurin, KE Tsiolkovsky, IP Pavlov, AE Fersman, VA Obruchev, AP Karpinsky, N. D. Zelinsky ndi asayansi ena.

Pazaka zoyambirira ndi ziwiri zazaka zisanu, nthambi za Academy of Sciences za USSR zinatsegulidwa ku Far East, Urals, ku Uzbek, Turkmen, Kazakh, Tajik, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian Union Republics.

Chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha USSR chinapanga nzeru zatsopano zomwe zinachokera kwa anthu osauka ndi ogwira ntchito. Gulu latsopanoli linali logwirizana kwambiri ndipo linaperekedwa kwa anthu, limamutumikira mokhulupirika. Anzeru a nthawi imeneyo anathandiza kwambiri bungwe la Chikomyunizimu ndi dziko lonse pakupanga gulu lachikhalidwe.