Mongol-Chitata goli. Mtengo wake mu tsoka mbiri ya Russia

XIII m'ma anthu a Russia kunali nthawi ya mayesero aakulu, kulimbana zonse kupulumuka. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi katundu wolemera anagwa pa mapewa a anthu a Mongol-Chitata goli. Zinali m'zaka XIII, Alexander Nevsky anasonyeza kumadzulo mwankhondo Russian. Chifukwa cha atasemphana amunamuna kunathandiza kwambiri pa tsoka la mtundu wonse. kusintha bwanji muzochitika zones za moyo: chuma, chikhalidwe, chipembedzo. Russia wakhala ngati gawo lotetezedwa, amene anathyola za funde la wongosamukasamuka. Kuti iye sanalole ndi khamu lalikulu la Mongol-Chitata m'thambo la Europe.

Ndawala yoyamba Batu Khan anayamba mu 1236. Akadzagonjetsedwa Volga Bulgaria a asilikali ake anathamangira kwa Ryazan. Ngakhale mu Russia analamulira kusagwirizana pakati pa akalonga, ndi kulimbana ndi wongosamukasamuka anali Ryazanians yekha. Chifukwa cha mzindawo inawonongedwa ndipo anthu anaphedwa kapena anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo, mbali yaing'ono chabe ya iwo anathawa, kubisala mu nkhalango. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika Kolomna, Vladimir, Suzdal ndi Torzhok. Khan Batu anathamangira ku Novgorod, koma yopanda magazi ndi akuthodwa nyama asilikali anali kale osayenera kanthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ku Mongolia Kunyoza.

Koma kale mu 1239 chiguluchi anayamba ntchito yatsopano, imene anagwidwa ndi kulanda katundu Kiev, Murom, Gorokhovets, kenako wongosamukasamuka akhamukira koyamba kwa wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn Lazaro, kenako ku Ulaya. Koma kupitiriza ntchitoyi Mongolia anali mu nkhondo yopanda magazi ndi asilikali Russian.

Ngati Europe Batu anayenda foray, ndiye Russia anali umene msonkho chachikulu, ndipo anayamba Mongol-Chitata goli. Ndi nthawi yaitali kuti asiye chitukuko cha Russia. Zinabweretsa kuwononga katundu kuti ulimi ndi chikhalidwe. Zotsatira za Mongol-Chitata goli kwa Russia anasonyeza kuti kwambiri. Mmisonkhano awiri itawotchedwa ndipo anagonjetsa mizinda 50, 14 iwo akhala kwathunthu zinawonongedwa ndi sichinayambe atachira, mizinda 15 angadzayambe malonda ndi luso malo akhala m'mudzi waung'ono.

Mongol-Chitata goli kwathunthu redraw mapu a Russia. Kwambiri yafupika udindo wa Kiev, amene anatsalira looting wa nyumba osati oposa mazana awiri. The bwino ambuye Chitata kupita ku ntchito yaukapolo, kuchotsa luso zovuta. A katundu wolemera apuma pa mapewa msonkho kwa anthu Russian, woikidwa ndi olamulira a gulu. akalonga Russian kupita ku chiguluchi kupeza ufulu wolamulira, amene kuchuluka kugawikana maukulu.

Mongol-Chitata goli anali peculiarities ake. Chief pakati pawo - ndi Russia sichinayambe m'gulu m'mayiko chiguluchi. Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti nkhalango Russian osayenera kwa wongosamukasamuka. Mbali yachiwiri - ndi kulolerana wa Mongol-Chitata. Ndipo mpingo unali kosamugonjera pafupifupi palibe msonkho, poyankha ansembe ankasunga wongosamukasamuka n'kuitana pa akalonga Russian chifukwa cha kulolerana.

Kulandidwa kwa Mongol-Chitata goli anali kale m'zaka za m'ma XV, pambuyo chitsutso Russian ndi magulu chiguluchi m'kamwa mwa Ugra Mtsinje. chipani ngakhale ali si anaganiza ntchito yogwira, koma Khan Akhmat anali kupita ndi ankhondo ake, ndipo atalephera kupeza kubwezeretsa kwa mphamvu pa Russia.