Mtengo wa mtengo kwambiri ndalama Russian. Osowa Ndalama Zachitsulo - chithunzi

Ndalama - si apamwamba, koma kufunikira masiku ano. Amasankha mtengo wa sitolo awo, zosunga, ntchito malonda. Komanso, ndalama amatumikira monga lofunika owonetsera zakale zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi okhometsa ndalama ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zochuluka potsiriza kupeza kawirikawiri ndi mmodzi wa buku la ndalama, phindu lomwe likutuluka pa nthawi, ngati bwino anasunga.

The sayansi ya ndalama

Poyamba, zinali zovuta kuganiza kuti ndalama wamba, anapanga osati a siliva, akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha zolakwa banal mbuye ndi chilengedwe umodzi "zosalongosoka" ndalama, umene okhometsa ali okonzeka n'kuikapo rubles zikwi.

Pakali pano, pali sayansi kuti amachita ndi kuphunzira kawirikawiri ndi lofunika ndalama Russian - izo numismatics. Zingamvekere njira kupanga, anayerekezera pakati zizindikiro ndalama ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuti tipeze zinthu zapadera. Daily ndalama kuwonjezeka mu mtengo, ena a iwo ndi ofunika zochuluka.

Makobidi "remake"

Palinso maganizo "ndalama Novodel." Pankhaniyi, zonse ndi losavuta - ndi ndalama analenga zinachitika ndalama chosowa cha m'ma 19. Embossing ndalama ngati anachita ntchito chenicheni kapena mwapadera chopangidwa kwa sitampu izi. Pofuna kusokoneza oyambirira chidole, pa sitampu amapanga chizindikiro chapadera, nthawi zina maso amaliseche, koma ndiAmene odziwika. Mwa chitsanzo chapadera cha remake ayenera kukhala ndi ndalama golide, imene inkatchedwa "Wofesa" ndipo lili pa nambala pakati pa mndandanda wa "Wokondedwa ndalama Russian." Mtengo wa ndalama izi zonse kuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.

ndalama umboni

Izi ochiritsira ndalama, komanso kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, koma chifukwa zinthu zina osati anamasulidwa. Atalenga izi ndalama wolamulira anaberekera chigamulochi, ngati kuzigwiritsa ntchito kapena kuletsa makope akhale chifukwa mitundu waukulu kwambiri kapena mtengo wa zinthu, si profitability. Kwenikweni, iwo ankakhulupirira kusungunuka, koma pali zina zimene mungachite m'tsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zochepa zobisika kapena kutaika. Tsopano izi ndalama osowa ofunika osaneneka ndalama ndipo wapatali kwa okhometsa.

Chitsanzo cha ndalama ngati zisonyeze rubles awiri a siliva chaka 1722, chosonyeza Petra Velikogo. Komanso, palinso wa Constantine ruble, amene zinapangidwa mu 1825, tsopano mipukutu yekha asanu kufunika mwadzina. Ndipafupifupi rubles miliyoni!

Constantine ruble

The mtengo weniweni ndilo kuswa zolembedwa zonse kwambiri, ngakhale anasonyeza phindu "Ruble wa Constantine." Iwo anagulitsidwa yekha Markov yobetcherana madola 550 zikwi. Mtengo poyambira anali madola 350 zikwi, kuti ndi ndalama zingati linaperekedwa kwa ndalama otchedwa "Reyhevskaya poltina" imene tithe mwa 10 kwambiri mtengo ndalama Russian, anayambitsa mu 1845.

Tsopano ndalama ndi fano Anny Ioannovny anakhalabe okha mabuku awiri, mmodzi amene lili wotchuka Hermitage, wachiwiri anagula mu gulu payekha pa yobetcherana mapaundi hafu miliyoni!

Constantine ruble amatanthauza "Wokondedwa Russian mwambo ndalama" gulu, ali ndi mbiri chidwi lachinsinsi la. Mtengo wa icho chiri mu Russia panali konse wolamulira wotchedwa Constantine, ndi azambiriyakale ankagwira ntchito yovuta kumvetsa, polemekeza amene ndalama zofanana unayambitsidwa. Pamwamba kwambiri mtengo ndalama Russian zikuphatikizapo chitsanzo lodabwitsali.

Panali amanena kuti walandira dzina lake chifukwa kulakwitsa pamene minting. Komabe, Baibulo yodalirika koma ankaona kuti unit ndalama kulenga ankafuna mosamala anakonza coronation wa Constantine Pavlovich, ndi Korona Prince, amene anakana kulamulira m'dziko lonselo mu mtima wa m'bale wake - Nicholas I.

Iye antchito mu 1819. Zimenezi ndi chete kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo odziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri mbadwa. Alexander I muulamuliro wake, anapereka chikalata, umene zobisika ndipo anali adzatseguka pokhapokha amwalire. Mwamwayi, apo icho chinali za Nicholas.

Ndipo mfumu afa, Nicholas ndi atumiki onse alumbire kuti azimvera Constantine, koma kwa nthawi yaitali dziko linali mu boma sizimadziwika. Zitachitika zinthu izi zionekera Alexander linasindikizidwa ndi anadabwa kwambiri ndi onse, koma, ngakhale, ndi timbewu anapezerapo Ndalama, amene anali ankafotokozedwa Constantine.

Posakhalitsa zinthu zinasintha, Nicholas, monga anapatsa bambo ake, anakhala mfumu, ndi timbewu anali mwamsanga kuchotsa kafukufuku, chifukwa anali mtengo ndalama za tsarist Russia, anapereka kuchuluka kwa ndalama zisanu. Tsopano awiri a iwo anapeza malo awo mu zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Russia, limodzi lili Institute American anagula otsala okhometsa payekha.

Ndalama Petra, kapena Polish thaler

kukwera mtengo alinso banknote 1 ruble zinapangidwa kumbuyo mu 1705 mkulu wa Tsar Peter I. deta ake akunja, zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi Thaler Poland, lomwe linaperekedwa mu 1630. Mtengo wa ndalama izi kuti pa chilengedwe cha mbuye analakwitsa tsiku. Pa nkhani imeneyi, phindu la ndalama ndipo anali mkulu. Dziwani kuti analogues, anapereka pa nthawi yomweyo, amanenera okhometsa ndi akatswiri 000 400 okha, koma mtengo wa mtengo kwambiri ndalama Russian nyengo, ndi zodabwitsa, anali oposa 1.5 miliyoni rubles, zolowa m'banja yoimba.

Mlandu ruble zinapangidwa ku 1801

Tisaiwale mfundo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri: 1801 anali wofatsa ndiponso wamtendele, kotero kusiya amasulidwe ndalama chithunzi mongoyembekezera. Iwo likukhalira kuti ambiri a zolemba banki, amene angapezeke mu zopereka payekha, amaonedwa tentative. Komanso ali, nayenso, alinso remake, kuthamangitsa kuti umabala ntchito masitampu latsopano ndi mutated.

Tikumbukenso kuti pali panopa zokhudza 7 rubles ndi zithunzi, imabwereranso mu 1801. Iwo ali kusiyana n'zosiyana ndi obverse. Mmodzi wa rubles rarest atumwi wotsiriza sagula pa yobetcherana lotsatira rubles miliyoni 7,25.

1839, kapena 1.5 rubles nthawi kuti

Izi ndalama mwambo analenga zonse mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomanga tchalitchi chikumbutso, m'dera la m'munda wa Borodino. Iye stamped chithunzi lachifumu zounikira dzuŵa. Ndalama iyi Akuti pa 70 000 USD.

Ndalama zopangidwa pulatinamu ndi golide

Platinum ndalama kupangidwa mu 1836, phindu mwadzina anakwana rubles 12 onse, panali zidutswa khumi okha. yoyambirira yeniyeni Izi yopezera zambiri mtengo.

Pa nthawi kuyala maziko a mpingo mu ulemu wa ofera a Olga 1907 ndalama za golidi okwana ndalama zana zobisika mu izo. Otsala naini anagulitsa ndalama alendo olemekezeka anapezeka, Pakati kutchula ayenera kukhala a Nicholas II, Alexander ndi wolemekezeka dzina lake Olga. Tikumbukenso kuti chosowa mtengo ndalama Russian tsopano amayenda dzanja m'manja, iwo nthawi zina amapezeka ogulitsira malonda ndi kugula, ngati n'koyenera.

The First World nkhondo ndi malowedwe andalama

Mu 1908, ndalama anali operekedwa rubles 25, panopa ankaona kuti yosowa kwambiri ndi zamtengo wapatali. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, iwo anapanga bullion golide, umene kulemedwa makilogalamu asanu. The ndalama Nicholas II ankafuna kupereka msonkho kwa achibale ake onse mu 1908 kamodzi kubadwa kwake. Mmodzi wa m'mabaibulo anakwanitsa kugulitsa mu 2011, mwatsoka, iye anali mu chikhalidwe chowopsya koma ngakhale drawback ichi, mtengo wa mtengo kwambiri ndalama Russian pa nthawi imeneyo anakwana rubles miliyoni 1,9.

Icho chinali First World nkhondo, mogwirizana ndi zimene ufumu anataya katundu yaikulu, anasowa zipangizo wapatali zosaphika ndi ntchito. Iye anapereka lamulo pa kusintha mu dongosolo la ndalama, amene anachitira ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndalama, osabala zamkuwa, popeza mpa mtengo Russian ndalama za rubles 10 anali woyenga.

Akhazikitse ake kupewedwa nagryanuvshaya zisinthe, koma pang'ono mayeso toyesa akadali anakwanitsa timbewu. Kodi kwenikweni iwo anapangidwa, palibe amene akudziwa, ndipo tsopano, palibe mfundo zodalirika.

Ndalama m'nthawi ya Soviet Union

Mu Leningrad timbewu mu 1925 ofanana ndalama kuti akagulitsa kwa okhometsa, iwo tsopano ndiwo wamtengo wapatali, ndi m'chipani. Pali ndalama imodzi kuti zikufunika ndi okhometsa, ndi ndalama za masenti makumi asanu, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1929. Kwambiri mtengo ndalama Russian chikalata chamadzulo ndipo tsopano, koma mtengo si wamkulu monga iwo amene zinapangidwa ku nthawi tsarist.

Koma anapatsa mfundo imeneyi, ndalama imeneyi sasiya kufunika kwake. Nthawi athu wafika buku limodzi lokha, limene kwa nthawi yaitali mu deta payekha, koma sizigulitsidwa ndalama lowoneka. Choncho mtengo wa mmodzi wa mtengo ndalama Russian choikidwacho pa rubles 10 miliyoni. kuchuluka limalongosola kwambiri.

Mtengo wa mtengo kwambiri ndalama Russian

Koma ambiri-kwambiri mtengo ndalama Russian tiyenera kuziganizira "golide Elizavetin" Mtengo wa omwe ali ofanana 77.409.790 rubles! Chinthu chapadera akuti ndi chakuti ndalama izi smelted wa golide weniweni kolembedwa chifanizo cha Mfumukazi Catherine. N'zosiyana ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi malaya asanu manja a mizinda ngati Astrakhan, Kazan, Siberia, Moscow ndipo ali mbali yaikulu ya mtundu lonse.

Ndalama iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi mlandu imabwereranso mu 1755 mu zipembedzo 20 rubles. Iwo anali zinapangidwa ku St. Petersburg timbewu. Ndalama kulemera anali magalamu 33. Wina ndalama umboni analenga pang'ono zisanachitike, 1730, iye ankafotokozedwa Anna Ivanovna.

Panopa, pali awiri okha ngati zinthu za mtengo wapatali, wina anali mu Hermitage, wachiwiri uli ndi anagula.

Ndalama ndi anthu

Papita zaka zambiri, koma ngakhale izi, okhometsa ndi asayansi nkhawa mtundu wa ndalama zimene ankaona kwambiri mtengo wapatali ndiponso. Munthu nthawi zonse amamuchititsa kudziletsa kuzindikira, kusintha ndi kupeza ndalama wina mtengo, iye si nkhawa kuti izo depreciate ndi mawa ndalama khobidi, chifukwa chakudya nthawi zonse zinagwira ankafuna ...

Pa mbiri zovuta za ndalama, mmodzi akhoza kunama kwa nthawi yaitali mu nthaka, pamene ena M'malo mwake, ali mu anawasema wa eni kapena zolotohranilischah, koma n'zomvetsa chisoni kuti si onse adzakhala wokwanira chuma. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti phindu la ndalama adzakhala kwakukulukulu kudalira pa ndondomeko imene amanenanso: mukamakweza awafikitse iwo mu manja, liwiro ali overwritten. Choncho, zinthu zakale izi zisungidwe mabokosi zapadera kapena pa galasi, kotero phindu ndi mtengo si yafupika.

Pamwamba kwambiri mtengo ndalama Russian

Choncho, ayenera mwachidule zonsezi pamwambapa.

• Wolemekezeka m'malo 10 ali wotanganidwa ndi masenti 5, limene linatuluka kumbuyo mu 1916. Pakali pano, mtengo wa zinthu zakale amenewa ndi za 1.6 miliyoni rubles, ndipo moyenerera ali pamalo ake.
• Chosowa ndalama zonse zakhala chidwi ndalama okhometsa. Izi nkhawa ndi rubles 25 1908 kumasulidwa. Tsopano mtengo mitanda miliyoni 1,9 rubles.
• rubles miliyoni ofunika khobiri limodzi, chaka kuti chinali atumwi wotsiriza, womwe chaka 1726. Ndi chinthu chitatu.
• Seventh malo - "Constantine ruble", izo anatchulidwa m'nkhani. mtengo wake panopa waima pa kuposa 3.142.180 rubles.
• Udindo chimodzi ndi pa rubles asanu mu 1907. Pali izi ngale pang'ono kapena kwambiri kapena zochepa, ndipo rubles miliyoni 4,35.
• miliyoni 4,65 rubles ndalama okhometsa kugula wapadera ndalama 1836 kutulutsidwa mu zipembedzo za rubles 12. Iye ali mu malo chachisanu mu pamwamba wathu. wapadera ake kwagona kuti pamaso pa pulatinamu. ndalamazi zinali zakuti khumi okha. Kenako opangidwa kuthamangitsa dazeni la ndalama awa, amene ndiye kugula okhometsa, kotero iwo alibe makhalidwe abwino. Mmodzi wa anthuwo anali adagula ndalama chadzaoneni, amene tamutchula pamwambapa.

• 10 miliyoni rubles kwa ndalama akhoza kuika chabe connoisseur ndi wokonda ntchito zaluso. Choncho, chifukwa masenti 50, inakhazikitsa mu 1929, womwe ndi kuchuluka pamwamba kupemphedwa pa ogulitsira malonda a.
• Pa malo lachiwiri laulemu 1 ruble Chaka ndi 1730. ndalama The ankatchedwa "Anna ku unyolo" ndi ofunika 21.995.260 rubles.
• Ndipo malo oyamba anapatsidwa kwa chidina awa akuti "Elizavetin golide" ndalama 20 rubles, amene zinapangidwa mu 1755. Mtengo wa mtengo kwambiri Russian ndalama wofanana rubles 77.409.790, ndiwo kwenikweni chodabwitsa.