Mudzi ndi anthu nekrepostnym - woyera kuthetsa

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi utoto Pamudzi, kodi zosiyana kwa wina, muyenera kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawu akuti, magwero ake komanso pamene Russia anatuluka formations izi.

ndi kuthetsa Kodi

Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "Pamudzi" lachokera ku kusintha mawu akuti "ufulu", umene umalongosola tanthauzo mayeso a nauni ndi. Monga limakhudza midzi, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti izi mabungwe Kupititsa chinthu anamasulidwa, osalephera, ndi misonkho ntchito. Ngakhale mu zaka X-XI anatchula mawu amenewa. Mu XII-XVI anapita pa chitukuko m'mbuyo, wafika pachimake ndi Romanovs. Dongosolo la ubwino ena nthawi zonse anatumikira monga woyandikana ndi mwina kukhala m'dziko latsopano, kaya chitukuko cha nsomba iliyonse. Ubwino zinali zosiyanasiyana, ambiri mwa anthu a midzi kapena magulu ndi midzi sankapita misonkho zosiyanasiyana ntchito ya usilikali.

kusiyana kwambiri

Pamudzi White wosiyana wakuda, amene anthu sanali a munthu, komanso misonkho analipira okha. Ambiri a iwo anali amalonda kapena amisiri. Ndipo malo awo okhalamo anali m'mizinda thandizo la chitukuko mafakitale ndi malonda. Pamudzi White kunali dziko wa mpingo uliwonse, kapena eni malo - mbuye boma, amene kulipira misonkho ku boma. Nthawi zambiri Choncho, kufufuza m'mayiko ena - chiyembekezo chakuti misonkho ndi ntchito wakhala polimbikitsa atsamunda. Mu dongosolo awa anali maboma - kusonkhana wakunja kwatawuni, anasankhidwa meya. Pamudzi White malo utumiki kuthetsa anthu - ndi gunners, Cossacks (otchedwa Belomestny) wa asilikali olimapo, dragoons, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, Musketeers District Zamoskvorechye otchedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa asilikali omwe ankaganiza kumeneko.

Beloslobodskoy Boom

The ukuyanga kuthetsa woyera anafikira mu zaka zoyambirira kuchokera pa nthawi ya mavuto. Anthu anathawa misonkho kwambiri boma (a m'tauni mu Russia XV-XVIII c. Panali a ntchito ndalama ndi masoka) ulamuliro wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Choncho, misonkho pa m'tauni "neobelennyh" anthu ena amene adamangidwa kalembera komanso zikuchepa kuchuluka, umene unali chifukwa ankadandaulira zachiwawa, wotchuka kwambiri umene unali "Salt", omwe anabwera pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Chifukwa linaphulika waukulu kugalukira m'tawuni inali isanachitikepo ukuwonjezeka msonkho, makamaka pa katundu chofunika mowa. Choncho mtengo wa mchere kuchuluka kwa masenti zisanu hryvnia ziwiri pud.

"Ayi, OPRICH mwayekha ..."

Anthu anathamangira kwa misonkho boma, ndipo zaufulu "zakladnichestvo" ulamuliro wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono chinali ponseponse. Mu ndalama anakana zikuchepa, ndipo mu 1619 msonkhano ndi Zemsky Sobor, pa nkhani imeneyi. Anaganiza zobwerera onse anasiya kwa midzi woyera wa anthu pachifuwa msonkho wa boma. Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi osatchuka chisankho ofufuza analengedwa kuti, malinga ndi zomwe kumbuyo osafunika ndi wothawa m'tauni inamva ndipo anatumizidwa ku Siberia. Choncho anayamba kuwonongedwa kwa midzi woyera. Ndi kutengedwa mu 1649. malo The Council ali anathetsa iwo kwathunthu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, pambuyo kachitidwe koyamba anayamba khomo ndiyeno msonkho, ndipo m'tawuni alandira bungwe midzi anali anathetsa kwathunthu.

kukumbukira zakale

Koma apa ndi apo kutchulidwa kwa iwo zimasungika mu dzina la mudzi kapena chigawo cha mudzi waukulu, omwe akutipatsa zofukizira akale dziko chithumwa. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi Sloboda White. Kursk dera, kumene mu Belovo m'dera ndi likulu ngati palibe ena, wolemera mu maina, amene anabwera ku mwambo wakale. Sloboda White yekha anatambasula pa magombe a mtsinje Ilek, womwe ndi tributary wa Psel. Nearby kuli mudzi Girya ndi pafupi njanji amatchedwa "Lgov GEST." Dzina la likulu la mbiri White Sloboda. Apa, mu 1664, anakakhala Cossacks, kapena, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, "anthu oyera", free ku ntchito ndi misonkho. Ambiri, mu Russia mawu ambiri kwambiri - Sloboda kapena Slobodka otchedwa midzi, umene anthu sanali serfs. Limatchedwanso malonda kapena m'matawuni waluso. Choncho, mbiri ya dziko maina ambiri, kuphatikizapo akuti - German, Yamskaya, Kusinthanitsa, Musketeers District, ndi zina zotero.