Amene anapeza Alaska? Kupezeka kwa Alaska

Alaska - ndi chilumba, amene amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Chilimwe ndi waufupi kwambiri, koma pali masiku zokwanira ofunda. nyengo yozizira amakhala ndi frosts amphamvu kwambiri. Koma si mantha kukhala nthawi yaitali mu dziko la Aleuts ndi Eskimos ndi Amwenye apataski, Heidi ndi tinklitov. Alaska - ndi amazipanga kukongola malo. Pali nyanja bwino ndi madzi ozizira, mitsinje yaitali, chofewa chili pamwamba paphiri la kukongola chodabwitsa, minda wosatha Titafika pamalo. Awa ndi maganizo anatsegula pamaso pa ofufuza woyamba amene amphamvu kwambiri anasamukira mozama pachilumbachi. Choncho ndi amene lotseguka Alaska?

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Pali achidule a kutsegula kwa Alaska ndi amene poyamba phazi, koma pali zambiri zina zimene mungachite pa izo. Komabe, chitsimikiziro cha Mabaibulo ena kulibeko.

Choncho ndi amene lotseguka Alaska? Vitus Bering Jonassen - amadziwika yapamadzi, mkulu wa bulu Russian, wobadwa August 12, 1681 ku Denmark, koma mtima nthawi zonse a Russia. Amaona ngati mpainiya Alaska. Mu 1741, Wofufuzayo wotchuka anatulukira ndipo zinalembedwa pa Peninsula mapu ili North America. Malowa anapatsidwa dzina Alaska. Dziwani kuti kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu mpaka sanathe kuona chilumba chifukwa chifunga lolemera. Bering chimwemwe chachikulu kupezeka sanam'bweretsere. Chiseyeye ali posachedwapa anabweretsa anatulukira kumanda. Izo zinachitika December 19, 1741 ndipo iye anapeza zilumba, omwe dzina lake polemekeza wake.

Popeza Alaska Atsegula 1741, panopa kumatchedwa mbiri yakale makadi atatu. Iwo anapangidwa mu 60s wa atumwi XVI. mapu zikusonyeza zonse ndi mfundo za gombe la Alaska ndi ya Bering Strait, umene poyamba anaitanidwa Aniane.

Maulendowa loyamba

Tsatirani funso ndani lotseguka Alaska, tisaiwale kuti 1648, kukaona kutsogoleredwa ndi Semenom Dezhnevym ndi Fedorom Popovym anapitiriza ulendo wawo kuchokera mkamwa mwa Kolyma Mtsinje. Iwo inadutsa Bering Strait. Komabe, iwo anapita Alaska kapena ayi - sakudziwika.

Phunziro m'dziko pafupi America, ankaganiza Peter. Izi zinachitika m'chaka cha imfa yake (1725). Iye analemba malangizo Vitus Bering pa utumiki yopita ku Kamchatka, kumanga zombo zingapo ulendo pawo pa chipata cha kumpoto ndi kupeza malo kutseka Kamchatka ndi gombe American. Komanso, kuyenda panyanja amayenera kujambula mapu a dera. Koma, mwatsoka, maulendowa woyamba zinalephereka. Chifukwa cha chifunga Bering katundu sanathe kuona chilichonse.

Kuyankhula za amene ndi lotseguka Alaska, kumakhalanso Dziwani kuti ulendo wina lotsogoleredwa ndi Mihailom Gvozdevym kuyeza ndi wothandizira kuyenda panyanja Ivanom Fedorovym kwinaku ndikulimbana ndi malangizo m'ngalawamo "St. Gabriel" mu 1732. Pa August 21 oyendetsa anapita dera la kumadzulo kwa Alaska. Pa mapu masiku ano Cape Prince of Wales. Koma popondapo phazi pa gombe iwo zizipita mafunde amphamvu.

A ulendo wachiwiri kuphunzira dziko

Patapita chaka chimodzi, boma la Russia analangiza Bering kupita lachiwiri Kamchatka ulendo. Mu 1734 iye anafika ku Yakutsk, kumene kwa zaka zambiri kukolola m'matangadza tsogolo la kampeni ndi zokambirana ndi bureaucracy m'deralo, chifukwa popanda sachiza. Ngakhale mu Russia, kuti kuyamba chinachake, inu anthu onse ofunika chiphuphu. Koma Bering, munthu amene anakhala zaka zambiri mu dziko, sanaphunzire izo. Kapena safuna kuti.

Only mu 1740, awiri paketi-maboti motsogozedwa ndi Commander Alekseya Chirikova ulendo pamadzi kuchoka Okhotsk kuderali Avacha Bay, komwe anakhala yozizira. Kupezeka kwa Alaska ndi Russian sibwenzi zikanamuyendera Behring sanafune dziko lachinsinsi la Gama. Panopa mwangozi.

Kodi anakopeka Peninsula?

Kuti lili ndi mbiri ya Alaska? zombo ziwiri walunjika kwa America June 4, 1742. Koma kachiwiri, chifunga pamodzi ndi mphepo yolimba kumva zinthu. Ndipo pa June 20 zombo zotayana mu madera osiyana ndipo anasowa. Pambuyo pake, iwo anapitiriza ulendo yekha. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chifukwa cha ulendo uno, woyamba popondapo phazi pa dziko la Alaska katswiri Georg Steller. Ndipo tsiku lina, June 16, 1741, mayiko a pachilumbachi ndi anaonanso kuti "Saint Peter". Pochoka mu izi ulendo kafukufuku Russia, amene anali pa bwato anthu za zokhala m'madzi mwa nyanja ya Alaska otters nyanja - Kalani. ubweya awo ndi abwino kwambiri. Iye kuziphunzira mtengo kwambiri mu dziko. Zinali iye amene anathandiza chakuti mbiri ya Alaska anadziwika kwa anthu amene ankafuna kuti apeze chuma.

Komanso pa chilumba cha, golide anapezeka. Pambuyo kupezeka anayamba Gold liwiro. Zinatha mu nthawi kuchokera 1896 mpaka 1897. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino, golide anapezeka ku Klondike, ku Canada Yukon Gawo. Kuyembekezera kuti apeze chuma mofulumira ndi zikwi prospectors anapita kukalalikira Pacific chakumadzulo ndi Alaska.

Kumwalira kwa oyendetsa ochepa

The anasambira woyamba kugombe la chilumba paketi "St. Paulo," motsogoleredwa ndi Chirikov. Koma sanatenge malo chifukwa cha madzi osaya wa Alaska anapeza. Woyendetsa anatumiza bwato ndi wofunitsitsa, koma iwo mbisoweka popanda sanachite. Lingalirani pang'ono, iye anazindikira kuti ngalawa umangozipweteka. Choncho, ngalawa ina anatumidwa. gulu anatumiza mwini-Caulker. Koma, mwatsoka, ndi gulu ili wasoŵa popanda sanachite. Okwana Chirikov anataya anthu asanu. Pokhala kuti chisankho kubwerera kunyumba adzadabwitsa wathunthu ndi njakata, akapitawo "St. Paulo" pa msonkhano.

Patapita nthawi zinadziwika kuti amalinyero akusowa anagwidwa ndi m'deralo. Iwo anali moyo. Ambiri a iwo ali nkomwe kuti mlendo. Zitatero, iwo ngakhale mwayi wodzakhala Spain, kutenga nzika, koma anthuwo monyadira kuti iwo ali Russian.

Kulephera anathamangitsa amalinyero kulikonse

Sitimayo "Saint Peter" anafika Alaska pa June 6, koma Behring odwala ndi sangapite kumtunda chifukwa cha matenda ake. Ndipo mmbuyo kunapezeka kuti kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Amalinyero mmodzi ndi mmodzi anali kumwalira a chiseyeye. Mkuntho wabweretsa m'chombo ku Bay chimodzi mwa zilumba, kumene iwo anazindikira kuti kunali koyenera kukhala yozizira. Apa, mtsogoleri wawo anamwalira (Dec. 6).

Dikirani kunja amalinyero yozizira zotsalazo za "Saint Peter" chotengera, anamanga chombo latsopano. Koma anthu 75 zinapulumuka 35. okha ambiri anafa pa ulendo, ndi ena nthawi yozizira. Choncho, kugombe la Kamchatka muli anthu 35 okha.

Choncho amene woyamba adadza kwa chilumbachi?

Koma mu West amakhulupirira kuti anapeza Alaska unatsogolera Steller. Iwo ankaganiza kuti iye amene koyamba chilumba cha kukongola zosaneneka ndi chofewa chili pamwamba paphiri. Pambuyo pake, ankafunitsitsa kuti apitirize maphunziro awo mwachindunji pachilumbachi. Koma mkulu wa chotengeracho V. Behring azikamugwirira chinachake. Iye analamula kuti abwerere. Steller sanakhutire ndi chigamulo ndipo analimbikira kuti Behring anamupatsa maola osachepera ochepa kufufuza chilumba kayak, kumene sitimayo ndi kotero anayenera kusiya kubwezeretsanso nkhokwe madzi.

Mabaibulo atsopano

Palinso buku la izi kuti Alaska anatulukira ndi azungu. State anapita August 21, 1732. Ndi zikuchokera bwato "St. Gabriel" motsogoleredwa ndi kuyeza MS Gvozdev ndi Ivan Fedotov wothandizira kuyenda panyanja pa maulendo AF Shestakov ndi Di Pavlutsky. Kusambira unakhala kuchokera 1729 mpaka cha 1735. Komanso, pali nkhani kubera anthu Russian mu America m'zaka za m'ma XVII.

Pali lina lomwe sayansi, limanena kuti apainiya wa Alaska anali alenje Siberia - makolo ambiri a amwenye mbadwa American, amene mu nthawi glacial anapita kumpoto, kusaka mammoths. okhala wakale anasamukira ku America kudzera Bering Strait. Mu masiku amenewo, ngati lalikulu ayezi mlatho, yomwe inali pakati pa maiko awiri. Pamene n'kumawotha, nyanja dziko kwambiri kuukitsa madzi, madzi anasefukira mlatho. Russian Siberia ndi Alaska nthawi yomweyo anagawanika Bering Sea.

A zambiri zafukulidwa ndi kafukufuku pa Peninsula anapereka chifukwa chake: Asayansi apeza zinthu zambirimbiri zimene munthu woyang'anira famu 12 zikwi zapitazo, zaka mazana angapo pamaso pa Ice Age inatha. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti Eskimo anthu anaonekera kwa zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi BC.

Kodi chinachitika mu Alaska?

Zotsatirazi m'zaka ziwiri Russian Alaska anatumikira monga malo kupanga ubweya. Midzi zamangidwa ndi malo ambiri anatsala mpingo zachilendo, amene analengedwa ndi Aleuts ndi Amwenye molamulidwa ndi amishonale Russian. Kenako Alaska gombe oyendetsa anapita Spain, France ndi UK. Koma anthu Russian m'chombo ku chilumba cha cholinga cha kupeza ubweya chomwe pambuyo lalikulu zedi kwambiri kwa Europe. Patapita nthawi zina nthawi chiwerengero cha nyama ndi ubweya wapatali wakhala laling'ono kwambiri. Ndi zaka 1820 wa Russian pafupifupi sanabwere ku gombe la Alaska.

Kodi Peninsula wakhala anagulitsa?

Tanena Powafotokozera malingaliro yaikulu bwanji Alaska linatsegulidwa. History kugulitsa Kuyenera mwachidule anaphimba. boma la Russia akhagopa chilumba udzalandidwa kapena England kapena America. Komanso, kuteteza kwathunthu sikunali kotheka kwa lawo ili. Izi ndi nthawi yoyamba imene inachititsa kugulitsa chilumba. Monga zolosera chachiwiri m'munsi kuti kunali koyenera kuthandiza chitukuko cha dera lalikulu ndi ndalama. Koma boma anaganiza kulabadira East onse Far, osati Alaska. Choncho anaganiza kugulitsa chilumba. Mu 1867, Alaska anagulitsidwa. State mwalamulo anakhala gawo la America October 18.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndalama pa izo sanabwere pansi mu Russia. Kuchuluka chachikulu cha ndalama mu mawonekedwe a golide katunduyo sitimayo, omwe anamiza zifukwa zosadziwika pambuyo Pofuna analephera analanda mbali ya anachitira chiwembu. Komabe, kodi si bwanji za kutha kwa iwowo. Chilumba mbali ya United States. Alaska salinso a Russia.