Ndi Ndisanaumbidwe zomera mbewu chiyani? Kapangidwe ka Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu

Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzaphunzila zomwe zili Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu. Komanso, ife kufotokoza magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko.

Kuti muone mmene ine ndikutanthauza, kuyang'ana pa chitsanzo. Kenako chitani makhalidwe ambiri a mwana wosabadwayo ndi magawo ake chitukuko.

Chomwe izo ziri mu Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu ya tirigu

Ngati kudula mbewu ya tirigu, inu mukhoza kuona kuti ambiri a iwo ndi powdery woyera nsalu. Njirayi imatchedwa endosperm. maselo ake wodzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana zakudya. Osati mophweka tikupeza zomwe ziri nyongolosi ya mbewu ya tirigu. Pajatu ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Izo zikhoza kuganiziridwa yekha ndi galasi lokulitsira. Monga Ndisanaumbidwe nyemba, ali phesi, muzu ndi gemmule. Komabe Muzu anali mmodzi yekha. Ndi mbale woonda, atagona pafupi endosperm lapansi.

Icho ndicho chiri mu Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu. Inde, mitundu yosiyanasiyana zomera, izo nzosiyana. Koma chitsanzo cha tirigu akhoza aipereke kwa kapangidwe ambiri.

Kulekana kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi suspensors

Magawo oyambirira Ndisanaumbidwe chitukuko dicots ndi monocots ofanana kwambiri. Imayamba ndi gulu la dzira (zygote) mu Ndisanaumbidwe sac ovule. Mu kwambiri maluwa ndege chimafikira transversely wa gulu loyamba (kapena zayamba transversely) kuti nguli kotenga. Limakhazikitsa polarity wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi: chapamwamba (halazalny) osachiritsika - rostovaja zone waukulu ndipo m'munsi (mikropilyarny) ndipamene mtundu wa mwendo - kuyimitsidwa, kapena suspensors, lokhazikika Ndisanaumbidwe pa micropyle lapansi. Pambuyo magulu angapo kumachitika pa zosiyanasiyana komaliza pafupifupi ozungulira Ndisanaumbidwe yake ndi suspensors.

Isanayambike machitidwe minofu

ndi Nyongolosi ya mbewu, amene anali basi apangidwa chiyani? Kwa wachibale misa maselo undifferentiated. Komabe zisintha posachedwapa akuphatikizapo mkati pamwamba kachitidwe patsogolo zomera zimakhala. khungu tsogolo (protoderma) aumbike mwa lakunja periclinal kugawikana kwa maselo a mwana wosabadwayo yokha. Periclinal magawano amatchedwa imene mbale foni pakati pa maselo awiri mwana ikufanana pamwamba pa mbali ya mbewu kumene fission zimachitika.

Kupatukana prokabiya ndi meristem chachikulu

Kenako kusiyana kachulukidwe ndi digiri ya vacuolization maselo Ndisanaumbidwe zimalambira kudzipatula procambium ndi meristem chachikulu. Last, vacuolised mphamvu zochepa wandiweyani, zinagwira minofu vutoli, ozungulira zochepa vacuolated ndi lolemererapo procambium, ndi kalambulabwalo kuchititsa zimakhala - xylem ndi phloem.

mapangidwe cotyledons wa

Protoderma waukulu meristem ndi procambium (otchedwa chachikulu meristem) mosalekeza, kudutsa kuchokera cotyledons mu Ndisanaumbidwe olamulira. Mapangidwe cotyledons amayamba kaya panthaŵi kapena pambuyo kumangidwa kwa meristems chachikulu (sitepe chitukuko mpaka cotyledons nthawi zambiri amatchedwa globular). Choncho globular Ndisanaumbidwe dicotyledonous pang'onopang'ono Pamafunika bilobed mawonekedwe (gawo lino limatchedwa pachimake). Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu ya mitundu monocotyledonous yekha Muzu wina. Choncho, iwo alibe gawo mtima woboola pakati.

Jockstrap kuwonongedwa kwa maselo

Ndiye, cotyledons ndi mwana wosabadwayo olamulira elongated (wotchedwa oponya siteji) ndi meristems chachikulu amafalitsidwa pamodzi iwo. Anatambasula, Ndisanaumbidwe amakhalabe molunjika kapena yokhota kumapeto. The Muzu monocots yekha zambiri limakula kwambiri kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri ya dongosolo embryonic. Ndi kukula zina za maselo a kathupi suspensors pang'onopang'ono anawonongedwa.

Chigawo selo

Mu magawo oyambirira kuimira embryonic selo zimachitika mu misa ya sporophyte wamng'ono. Mnthawi mapangidwe Ndisanaumbidwe zikamera wa maselo atsopano pang'onopang'ono womangika mphukira apical meristem ndi mizu. Mu dicots woyamba wa iwo anaika pakati pa cotyledons awiri, pamene monocots wina dzanja cotyledons ndi kwathunthu atazungulira nyini - ngati outgrowth kwa maziko ake. meristems apical ndi zofunika kwambiri, popeza pamapeto pake zoyendetsera maselo onse atsopano, kuonetsetsa kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo mmera ndi chomera wamkulu.

nthambi ovule

Pa nthawi yonse ya mapangidwe mwana wosabadwayo zakudya mosalekeza kuchokera ku mbewu kholo la zimakhala ovule. Chifukwa, katundu yense kwambiri awo anapeza mu endosperm, perisperm kapena cotyledons wa mbewu osauka. M'kupita ovule wosiyana mbewu phesi ochilumikiza ku linga la n'kuwasanganiza, ndipo amakhala dongosolo chatsekedwa (mphamvu). The Dries mbewu, kupereka madzi chilengedwe, ndi chovala mbewu wochiritsidwayo, ngati azinga "zoteteza chipolopolo" Ndisanaumbidwe, ndi izo mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya.

Kotero, inu mukudziwa zomwe zili Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu. Monga mukuonera, monga momwe chitukuko kusandulika ake. Choncho, kapangidwe ka Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu zosiyanasiyana pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana linakhalapo.