Nkhondo Sviatoslav mwachidule

Monga m'masiku akale, Svyatoslav - mwana yekhayo wobadwa kwa mgwirizano waukulu wa Prince Igor ndi Olga. Mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake waufupi anakhala nawo nkhondo. amchigulu ndi mfundo za m'banja ndi pafupifupi alibe chidwi. Yankho cha nkhani Prince kwathunthu apatsidwa makolo ake anzeru. Choncho Svyatoslav kokayenda mwachidule kufotokoza zovuta zokwanira, chifukwa wake tsiku lililonse - ndi nkhondo. Mogwirizana ndi olemba ndi nkhondo zimene anali moyo, kumulakalaka, popanda imene sipangakhalenso.

moyo womenya a

Kukwera Sviatoslav anayamba pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka zinayi. Ndi pamene mayi ake, Olga adatenga zonse kubwezera Drevlianys mwankhanza amene anapha mwamuna wake Igor. Miyambo nkhondo adakwanisa li- ndi Prince. Ndipo kenako kupatsa mwana wake wamwamuna wakhanda anaponyedwa mkondo, anapatsidwa dongosolo oyamba kumuwombera lapansi.

Chidendene, Svyatoslav anatenga impso mu manja ake. Komabe, pafupifupi nthawi imene nkhondo. Iye akutchedwa mbali ambiri yeniyeni Ankhondo a European.

nkhondo ya Svyatoslav konse anayamba mwadzidzidzi. Prince anapambana yekha kumenyera chilungamo, nthawi zonse kuwachenjeza za adani. kumuwombera wake unali kusunthira mofulumira kwambiri monga kukwera Sviatoslav - munthu osati kuzindikira zapamwamba anali unaccompanied ku ngolo ndi mahema, chimene chingalowe m'mbuyo. Mkulu yekha kum'lemekeza ndithu mwa asilikali, anagawana chakudya wawo.

The Khazars

Izi Turkic fuko moyo pa dera la Dagestan ano. Iwo anakhazikitsa ufumu wake - Kaganat. Monga mafuko ena, Khazars anagonjetsa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse zoononga dera la anansi ake. Khanate anatha kuligonjetsa ndi Vyatichi Radimichi, northerners ndi glades, amene pambuyo kudutsa pansi pa ulamuliro wake anakakamizika kulipira msonkho okhazikika. Zonsezi anapita mpaka kufikira pang'onopang'ono anayamba kumasula olamulira a Russia wakale.

Ambiri mwa iwo anali nazo kwa nthawi yaitali ndi Turkic woyendayendawu fuko, umene unachitika yosiyana bwino. Mmodzi wa nkhondo wotchuka tinganene kuti ndi kukopa Svyatoslav Khazars unachitikira mu chaka 964th.

ogwirizana Russian ntchitoyi anali Pechenegs, amene Kiev kalonga kumenyana mobwerezabwereza. asilikali Russian anafika Khanate likulu, wapanikizika ndi mtsogoleri wa m'deralo ndi ankhondo ake lalikulu, panjira wogonjetsa mmizinda yaikulu.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Khazars

dongosolo Duke ali m'Matchalitchi m'lifupi ndi kukhwima. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zonse zosiyanasiyana njira kulemba yokopa Svyatoslav. Nditazilemba iwo, monga olemba, izo zikhoza kukhala zovuta lotseguka kwa adani anafotokoza.

Ndinali nazonso ndi kampeni Khazar. Svyatoslav anali kukonda chinthu chimodzi: kupeza pakati limati ankhanza amene azungulira Lazaro wakale, ulalo zofooka. Izo zinkayenera kuti olekanitsidwa anansi oipa ndi zacita mumtima "dzimbiri."

Popeza kuti nthawi kugwetsa Khazar potseka malangizo a malonda ndi East, kudanenedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia Khanate mophweka kufunikira. Mochedwa kayendedwe ka akalonga a Kiev kunja kwa mzinda wa maiko Asilavo (Adakhumudwa pa vyatichi). chifukwa chinali yotsirizira anapitiriza kupereka msonkho kwa Khazars. Kufalitsa pa iwo mu Kiev, poyamba kunali koyenera kuti awaponyere kumbali goli la Vyatichi kaganatskoe.

Svyatoslav nkhondo yolimbana ndi Khazars anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi m'mbuyomu anawazunza kufika kwa zofunkha ndi ogwidwa. Prince nthawi imeneyi zitengere kumalire Khanate pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwatola lililonse nayenso anagwirizana. Ichi chidachitika kuti athe yozungulira mphamvu n'kukhala mdani waudaniwo iwo a anthu, mafuko.

machenjerero

Svyatoslav nkhondo yolimbana ndi Khazars anali lalikulu kupatutsidwa kwa msewu. Kuyamba, kalonga kupita kumpoto, anagonjetsa yozungulira Kaganate Asilavo mafuko Vyatichi ndi kumasula iwo ku mphamvu ya Khazar. mwamsanga kusuntha kwa ngalawa pa mtsinje wa Oka m'kamwa, kumuwombera napita m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Volga. Akugonjetsa mafuko yozungulira wa Khazars ndi Volga Bulgars Burtases Svyatoslav motero kupereka chitetezo odalirika pambali yake kumpoto.

Khazars sanayembekezere kuukira kuchokera kumpoto. Iwo analibe dongosolo labwino mchitidwe uwu, kotero, sanathe mokwanira akonzekeretse asilikali. Nthawiyi Sviatoslav kampeni anapita Khazaria. Akufika likulu la Khanate - Itil, kalonga anaukira kuti anayesa kuteteza mudzi ndi asilikali kunkhondo oopsa nyema.

Kukwera Sviatoslav anapitiriza m'dera North Caucasus. Apa, Kalonga wa Kiev, anagonjetsa mfundo wina wamphamvu wa Turkic woyendayendawu fuko - mpanda wolimba Samandar. Komanso, iye anatha kugonjetsa Kasogs ndi zachokera Taman Peninsula, ndi ukulu latsopano ndi dzina choyambirira - Tmutarakan, lomwe likulu lake - mzinda yotchedwa Matarhoy. Idamangidwa pa 965, chaka pa malo kuthetsa wakale.

asilikali Svyatoslav

Mbiri mapepala kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya Grand Duke, ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Koma chakuti nkhondo ya Svyatoslav kwambiri Kievan Lazaro, ndi wosatsutsika. Mu ulamuliro wake, anapitiriza kugwirizana kwa mayiko Asilavo.

Msasa Svjatoslav igorevich mofulumira osiyana ndi kaphatikizidwe khalidwe. Iye anayesetsa kuwononga magulu ankhondo m'madera - mu nkhondo ziwiri kapena zitatu interspersing nkhondo mwamphamvu akuyendetsa magulu awo. Kalonga wa Kiev, ankagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso ndi mikangano ndiponso kusagwirizana pakati Byzantium ndi wochepa mphamvu kwa mafuko woyendayendawu. Iye anapangana ndi mapangano atsopano afika nthawi kugonjetsa magulu ankhondo a mdani wake waukulu.

Kukwera Sviatoslav kwenikweni yoyamba reconnaissance M'gulu la anzangawo. ntchito yawo ikuphatikiza udindo osati kuwayang'anira, komanso kutenga akaidi ndi m'deralo, komanso kutumiza akazonde unit mdani kupeza mfundo zothandiza kwambiri. Pamene anaima kuti apumule pafupi alonda msasa anasonyeza.

Movies Prince Svyatoslav, kawirikawiri imayamba mu kasupe oyambirira, pamene nyanja ndi mitsinje kuligaŵa kwa ayezi. Iwo anapitiriza kugwa. Oyenda anasamukira mwa madzi mu ngalawa, ndi apakavalo - m'mphepete mwa dziko.

Svyatoslav kuyendera squads analamulira atate wake Igor Sveneld, pansi amene utsogoleri anatumiza asilikali ake ku Scandinavia. kalonga yekha, monga olemba umboni, anatenga lamulo la asilikali a Kiev, simumafuna ganyu ndi Scandinavia, ngakhale akusangalala naye. Ndipo icho chinali chinthu chakupha iye anali kunja kwa manja awo, ndipo anafa.

asilikali armament

machenjerero nagonjetsa strategy ndi analongosola ndi kalonga. Iwo mochenjera ophatikizana ntchito asilikali ambiri akamagwiritsa ndi mphezi mfundo kanthu squads Kukwera Akavalo. Tikhoza kunena kuti kokayenda Svyatoslav anapezerapo njira kumenya mdani pa malo ake.

Kiev asilikali anali atakonzekera ndi nthungo, malupanga awiri lakuthwa konsekonse, nkhondo nkhwangwa. Woyamba anali a mitundu iwiri - nkhondo, ndi heavy metal tsamba-nsonga, anapachikidwa pa kutsinde yaitali; ndipo asapeze - Sulitsa kuti anali kwambiri mbandakucha kulemera. Iwo anam'ponya likubwerali mdani oyenda kapena apakavalo.

Amuna onyamula ndi nkhwangwa ndipo ngati malupanga, mace, mace, chitsulo womangidwa ndi mipeni. Asilikali kutali kulizindikira mzake, zishango asilikali akutembenukira wofiira.

Danube kampeni

Movies Prince Svyatoslav anawononga napukuta pa mapu yaikulu Khazar ufumu. Ife kuchotsa zamalonda ku East, kugwirizana kwa Asilavo mafuko East ambiri the Old boma Russian.

Amalimbikitsa ndi kukutetezani malire ake limeneli, Svyatoslav anacheukira anthu a Kumadzulo. Panali otchedwa Rusev chilumba anapanga ndi Danube Delta ndi unakhota, yaikulu kumbuyo Troyanov kutsinde ndi madzi odzazidwa chemba. Malinga ndi kafukufuku mbiri za mmbuyomu anapanga Danube kwawo. Trade wa Kievan Lazaro Bulgaria ndi Byzantium aubweretse kuyandikira kwa anthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndiponso kugwirizana izi makamaka kwambiri mizu m'nyengo ya Svyatoslav.

Pa msonkhano wokopa zaka zitatu kum'mawa mkulu anagwira m'gawo lalikulu: kunkhalango, Oka ndi North Caucasus. Ufumu Byzantine pa nthawi ino chete kuyambira usilikali wachita Chirasha Byzantine mgwirizano.
Koma tsopano kuti chimphona kumpoto anayamba kuchita khama kukakamiza Crimea cholowa Constantinople anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa. Mu Kiev Mtumiki anatumizidwa mwachangu kuthetsa chibwenzicho.

Kale pa nthawi ino Kiev akamayamba kukwera Svyatoslav pa Bulgaria. Dongosolo kuwukira mu Danube kwa kugwirizana kwa m'kamwa mwa Danube Lazaro Prince wakhala akamayamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, m'mayiko a m'gulu Bulgaria, kotero iye anasankha lonjezo la Byzantium kulowerera ndale. Chinachake kwa Constantinople chiyani saletsa ndi kuyenda Sviatoslav pa Danube, analonjezedwa kuchoka ku Crimea katundu. Zinali zokambirana wochenjera, imakhudza zofuna za Russia mu East ndi West.

Tiponye Bulgaria

M'chaka cha asilikali 967 wazaka Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi Svyatoslav anasamuka kum'mwera. asilikali Russian inatheka Asilikali Chihangare. Bulgaria, nayenso, ankadalira mitsuko ankhanza rusicham ndi Kasogs, komanso ochepa mafuko Khazar.

Monga olemba amatiuza kumenya nkhondo imfa mbali zonse. Svyatoslav anakwanitsa kumenya Bulgarians ndi kutenga za makumi asanu ndi atatu m'midzi pa magombe a Danube.

Svyatoslav kukwera kwa Balkans anali pa mofulumira kwambiri. N'zoona kuti khalidwe lake nkhondo mphezi, Prince, kuswa mwa outposts Chibugariya kutchire asilikali a Tsar Peter. Mdani anali kupanga mtendere yokakamiza, imene malire m'munsi wa Danube ndi amphamvu kwambiri linga Pereyaslavets mzinda ceded kwa Russia.

Zolinga woona wa Lazaro

Izo zinali ndiye unawululidwa ndi Svyatoslav weniweni akufuna kuti kalonga wokondedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pereyaslavets sadalole mu nyumba yake, kunena kuti olemba mabuku kulemba kuti iye sanali zosangalatsa kukhala mu Kiev. Mu "pakati" a dziko lapansi anayamba amapita Kiev ndi msonkho abwino. Agiriki apa panali onyamula golide ndi nsalu zamtengo wapatali, vinyo ndi zambiri zabodza zopezeka pa nthawi ya zipatso, ku Czech Republic ndi Hungary anabweretsa siliva ndi akavalo kwambiri, ndi ku Russia - uchi, phula, tsitsi, ndi akapolo.

Mu August, asilikali ake afika kale malire a Bulgaria a 968 zapitazi. Malinga olemba makamaka Byzantine Mkango Dikoni, Svjatoslav anatsogolera sikisite masauzande asilikali.

Komabe, malinga ndi malipoti ena, zinali kukokomeza kwambiri, monga Kalonga wa Kiev anali kale pansi pa mbendera ya militias mafuko. Pakuti anali kumenyana okha kumuwombera wake, "alenje" -dobrovoltsy ndi detachments angapo Pechenegs ndi Hungarians.

Russian bwato momasuka analowa m'kamwa mwa Danube ndi panauka mofulumira kumtunda. Maonekedwe a gulu ambiri Tinadabwa kwa Bulgarians. asilikali mofulumira analumphira mu ngalawa ndi kutseka zishango, anathamangira kwa nkhondo. Bulgarians sindikanakhoza kupirira, iwo anathawa nkhondo ndipo anabisala mu linga Dorostol.

Prerequisites kwa ndawala Byzantine

Aroma amafuna kuti Russ kutengeka pankhondo imeneyi analibe zifukwa lokha. Pambuyo nkhondo yoyamba asilikali Chibugariya anagonjetsedwa. asilikali Russian kuwononga kumbuyo kwake dongosolo lonse mu njira kum'mawa, anatsegula njira ya malire a Byzantium. Mu Constantinople anaona owononga kuti ufumu wake komanso chifukwa chakuti chigonjetso ulendo pa asilikali Kiev a analanda m'mayiko Chibugariya Sichinatsitsidwe idatha wakubayu ndi owonongedwa m'matawuni ndi kumidzi, kunalinso nkhanza akumeneko, mmene nkhondo yapita wa Aroma. Ruses anawaona ngati abale magazi. Komanso, Bulgaria, ngakhale ukhazikika Chikhristu, anthu wamba musaiwale miyambo yawo.

Ndicho chifukwa chifundo cha Bulgarians odzichepetsa ndi mbali ya ambuye m'dera ang'onoang'ono yomweyo akatulukire kwa kalonga Russian. asilikali Russian anayamba limabwezeretsa ndi anthu ongodzipereka amene amakhala pa magombe a Danube. Komanso, ambuye ankafuna kulumbira Svyatoslav, chifukwa ambiri a osankhika a Chibugariya Tsar Petro anayesetsa mfundo wake provizantiyskoy.

Zonsezi chingachokere mu Ufumu Byzantine ku tsoka ndale ndi pa nkhondo. Komanso, Bulgarians, motsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri wake chopambanitsa amphamvu Simeon nkomwe yekha sanamlandira Constantinople.

Kukangana ndi Byzantium

Svyatoslav Pereyaslavets amafuna kutembenukira likulu la chikhalidwe chawo chatsopano, mwinanso lonse Old Russian mphamvu, izo sizinali bwino. Izi sakanakwanitsa Byzantium, amene anaona kuopseza wamba okha chino. Svyatoslav, poyamba zotsatirazi lopangidwa ndi Pangano la Constantinople, kodi si kugonjetsa kwambiri mu boma Chibugariya. Mwamsanga pamene iye anatenga dziko la Danube ndi mzinda yotchedwa Pereyaslavets Prince anasiya nkhondo.

Svyatoslav maonekedwe a Danube ndipo anagonjetsa Bulgarians mantha kwambiri Byzantium. Ndipotu, mutu wake anakweza waukali ndi bwino kwambiri odana. Byzantine mayiko anayesetsa pofuna kudzenje Bulgaria ndi Russia, potero zofooketsa mbali zonse analephera. Choncho, Constantinople anamukwiyira mopupuluma kutaya ku Asia Minor asilikali. M'chaka cha chaka 970 Svyatoslav anaukira m'mayiko Thracian wa Byzantium. Asilikali ake anafika Arkadiopolya ndipo anasiya handiredi ndi twente makilomita ku Constantinople. Apa ndi panali nkhondo.

Ntchito ya olemba Byzantine angapezeke kuti anaphedwa mu chilengedwe onse Pechenegs komanso kuwonongedwa ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya Svyatoslav Igorevich. Komabe, wakale Russian azambiriyakale, mu china angabweretse zochitika. Malinga ndi malipoti awo, Svyatoslav, akubwera pafupi ndi Constantinople, koma anabwerera. Komabe, m'malo anatenga ndithu msonkho waukulu, kuphatikizapo pa asilikali awo akufa.

Lang'anani lalikulu kukwera Svyatoslav Byzantium mpira anamaliza m'chilimwe cha chaka chomwecho. Mu April chaka chamawa, wolamulira Byzantine Ioann Ine Tsimiskhy panokha anatsutsa Lazaro, pa Danube ilibe trehsotkorabelnoy flotilla kudula njira zawo za mthunzi. Mu July, panali nkhondo ina yaikulu imene Svyatoslav anavulala. Nkhondo itatha inconclusively, koma pambuyo Lazaro adalowa zokambirana mtendere.

imfa ya Sviatoslav

Pambuyo armistice Kalonga bwinobwino anafika m'kamwa mwa Dnieper, pa ngalawa popita pamakomo. kazembe ake okhulupirika Sveneld analimbikitsa akavalo awo n'kuyamba, kotero kuti asawakhumudwitse pa Pechenegs, koma sanamvere. Ulendo wa Svyatoslav mu 971-mamita phiri la Dnieper si bwino, chotero iye ankayenera kuti m'nyengo yozizira ku kamwa kuti zobwererako m'chaka. Koma Pechenegs akuyembekezerabe Russes. Ndipo nkhondo ndi wosiyana inatha moyo wa Svyatoslav ...