Ndi "mtumwi" mu Chikhristu ndi zimene

The New Testament kawirikawiri amatchula mawu akuti "mtumwi" mu yofanana osiyana. Kawirikawiri mawu opezeka mu moyo wa Yesu Khristu. Kodi mtumwi, tanthauzo la mawu akuti ichi, mudzaphunzira m'nkhani imeneyi.

Akhristu oyambirira

Otsatira ziphunzitso kudziŵa bwino zimene mtumwi ku Rome. The tanthauzo la izi mawu zovuta kumvetsa ngati sakudziwa mbiri ya Akhristu oyambirira. malingaliro Achikristu anali atsopano kwathunthu mwa otsatira zipembedzo za makolo a nthawi. Anthu a ku Roma Ufumu ankakhala magawo atatu a dziko - ku Ulaya, Asia ndi Africa North, ankalankhula zinenero zosiyana, anali analeredwa osiyana ndi worldview. Otsatira a chipembedzo sikunali kophweka. Kukafalitsa chiphunzitso wachikhristu, izo zimayenera zonse kupita, kulankhula ndi anthu atsopano, kufalitsa chiphunzitso chatsopano cha Mulungu ndipo ndi mphatso yamtengo wapatali mogwira mtima. Anthu oyambirira amene adzipereka ntchitoyi amatchedwa okha monga atumwi.

akuti mafotokozedwe

Kuti ndi mtumwi, tingaphunzire kusinthika kwa mawu a Chigiriki. mawu kunayamba ἀπόστολος wakale, kutanthauza "kazembe" kapena kuti "Mtumiki". Poyambilira, atumwi anauzidwa kuti ali aumiki a chiphunzitso chatsopano ndi chikhulupiriro chatsopano. Iwo anatenga uthenga wa Mwana wa Mulungu ndi nsembe imene iye anapita m'dzina la anthu. Malinga ndi nthano, mawu anayambitsa ndi Iisus Hristos yekha. Choncho anaitana ophunzira ake apamtima ndiponso otsatira.

atumwi

Christian Church amapereka tanthauzo bwino zimene mtumwi. Mu Chipangano Chatsopano, iwo kudzaitana anthu amene sadziwa Khristu dzanja choyamba, anamuthandiza namtsata ziphunzitso zake. Poyamba atumwi khumi ndi awiri ankatengedwa anthu ambiri pafupi ndi iye amene anali ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano. Anaperekedwa ndi Yudasi tithe atumwi, wodzilemekeza ndi otsatira awiri okhulupirika chiphunzitso chatsopano. Choncho ophunzira ndi otsatira ambiri odzipereka a Chikhristu chinali khumi ndi zitatu. Pali bukhu lapadera la New Testament limanena za ntchito ya atumwi pambuyo imfa ya Khristu ndi kuuka kwake kwa akufa. Iwo anapanga kwambiri zochita ulemerero, kufalitsa malingaliro atsopano, koma chifukwa cha chizunzo cha boma, pafupifupi onse anaphedwa.

Chikhristu ndi Rome

The ufumu wa Aroma poyamba maganizo oyipa kwambiri chikhulupiriro chatsopano. Otsatira Chikhristu anaphunzira zowawa zimene mtumwi ku Rome. Chikhristu anazunzidwa, ndipo otsatira a chiphunzitso chatsopano anazunzidwa. Anawakakamiza kubisala mphanga za m'nthaka, m'khutu ankachita pochitika uthenga wa Mpulumutsi. Nzosadabwitsa chizindikiro cha Akristu oyambirira anali nsomba - monga chizindikiro mwachinsinsi ndi chete.

Ngakhale kuponderezana, naphunzitsa latsopano anapitiriza kufalitsa ndi yosankha adepts kwambiri. Posachedwa atumwi analandira m'maudindo awo okhulupirira wina 70. chochitika Zimenezi zafotokozedwa mu bukhu lapadera la New Testament, wotchedwa "The Machitidwe a Atumwi." Onse okhulupirira atsopano ndife ophunzira a Khristu ndipo analalikira chikhulupiriro chatsopano.

Mbiri ya mawu akuti "mtumwi"

Patapita nthawi, akuluakulu onse a Rome ankadziwa zinthu mosaganizira ena kumenyana ndi chipembedzo chatsopano. Chikhristu amalandira thandizo la boma ndipo anakhala chikhulupiriro boma. Kodi mtumwi, kodi munthu uyu ndi zimene pamalo pomwe ali mu Chikhristu - kale wodziwika mu mbali za kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Roma. Limodzi mwa mabuku ofunika kwambiri a Chikhristu amatchedwa "Mtumwi."
Pang'onopang'ono, mawu kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri, ndipo m'madera ena wayamba dzina kapena dzina. Pakati pa East Asilavo dzina la Mtumwi ndi zachilendo. Mtumwi - wotchuka mzera wa Cossacks Chiyukireniya, amene anapereka dziko angapo Hetman. Mu Russia, panali munthu wolemekezeka banja Mouravieff-Apostol, ankadziwika kuti sachita mu gulu Decembrist. Mu Bulgaria ndi Serbia ndi dzina sizachilendo. ngati dzina alipo Greece.

M'chilankhulo cha Russian mawu angagwiritsidwe ntchito mophiphiritsa. Kale funso "Kodi mtumwi?" maloya angayankhe kuti kuchonderera. Zolembalemba - kuti linali dzina la woyamba kusindikizidwa buku Russian, lofalitsidwa mu m'ma 17. Panopa mawu amatanthauza wochirikiza tchalitchi cha lingaliro.