Nkhondo ya Narva November 30, 1700 ( "Narva manyazi"). Tanthauzo la m'mbiri la nkhondo

Nkhondo ya Narva anali woyamba kwambiri mayeso kwa Russian Army mu nkhondo kumpoto. Mu 1700 palibe aliyense ankaganiza kuti msonkhano lidzakhalapo kwa zaka ziwiri. Choncho, "Narva manyazi" anali ambiri kulephera amapha.

ANAKULIRA nkhondo

Great kumpoto nkhondo inayamba chifukwa chakuti Peter ndinali kuyesera kuti doko yabwino pa Nyanja Baltic. mayiko amenewa kamodzi a ufumu Russian Komabe anasowa pa Mavuto a m'zaka za zana XVII. Imene chaka panali "Narva manyazi"? Mu 1700 m. Panthawi imeneyi, achinyamata Russian tsar anali kumanga kwambiri ndi ndondomeko kusanduliza Russia mu mphamvu yeniyeni dziko.

Mu 1698 Peter ndinatha Mokhumbira zamtendere. Mfumu ya Poland ndi Elector la Saxony, Augustus II anamaliza naye chinsinsi mgwirizano ndi Sweden. Kenako mgwirizano umenewu limodzi ndi mfumu Frederick IV la Denmark.

Ndi mayiko amenewa pambuyo pake, Petro ankaganiza kuti zinthu momasuka ndi Sweden. Mfumu Karl XII wa dziko anakhala mfumu ndili wamng'ono kwambiri ndipo anaonekera mdani ofooka. Cholinga choyambirira cha Petro anachita Ingermanlandia. Dera la Leningrad dera ano. The linga lalikulu kwambiri m'chigawo anali Narva. Back ndiyeno anapita kwa asilikali Russian.

February 22, 1700, Petro ananena nkhondo pa Sweden, pomwepo atamva za pangano mtendere ndi Ottoman, amene amapulumutsa iye ku nkhondo ziŵiri. Komabe, iye samadziwa zimene adzakumane Narva manyazi.

Boma la asilikali Russian

Nkhondo ndi mnansi wake wakumpoto anali okonzeka pasadakhale. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza bwino. asilikali Russian akadali moyo XVII zaka kumbuyo European asilikali mawu luso. Monga tithe ake akwanira za asilikali 200,000, omwe anali ambiri. Komabe, onse a iwo analibe zokwanira zinthu chitetezo, maphunziro ndi malangizo odalirika.

Petro anayesetsa kukonza asilikali a kumadzulo chitsanzo ano. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anaitanidwa ku mayiko a ku Ulaya akatswiri osiyana - makamaka ku Germany ndi Dutch. The vekitala anasankhidwa molondola, koma ndi 1700 regiments awiri okha kutsatira mfundo zonse ndi zofunika. Kuti modernize ndi kukonzanso maphunziro ayenera nthawi yambiri, ndipo Petro anali pachangu kutsiriza adani awo chiyembekezo kuti adzam'patsa mwayi anadabwa.

Ndi chiyambi cha Great kumpoto nkhondo, Russia komabe sangabereke musket yake. Komanso, asilikali kuyambira pachiyambi anakumana ndi vuto monga underdeveloped dongosolo zoyendera. Mu nyengo njira zoipa madera kumpoto ndi kovuta kwambiri kwa asilikali, amene anayenera kugonjetsa makilomita oposa chikwi. zinthu izi zachititsa kuti chodabwitsa, amene anadziwika monga Narva manyazi.

Boma la asilikali Swedish

Kumpoto mnansi Russia, Mosiyana, kudadziwika ku Ulaya la asilikali ake mwadongosolo. Zinali wotchuka wokonzanso Mfumu Gustav II Adolf, amene mantha adani ake pa nkhondo ya Zaka Makumi Atatu (1618-1648).

Swedish apakavalo inkakhala kampani analandira malipiro zikuluzikulu. Oyenda alemba ntchito kwa asilikali mokakamizidwa ku chigawo ina, koma oyenda komanso movutikira. asilikali unagawidwa squadrons ndi battalions, amene efficiently kucheza nkhondo. Msilikali aliyense ali ndi chizolowezi chilango chowawa, amene anamuthandiza pa nkhondo. Zaka zapitazi asilikali Swedish anapambana chigonjetso yekha, ndipo zikomo kwa dziko anayamba kukula mu Kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Zinali zedi Goliyati, ndi underestimation mphamvu ya amene anatembenuka amapha kulakwitsa.

Events madzulo a nkhondo

November 17, Boris Sheremetev anauza mfumuyo kuti asilikali a Sweden akubwera ndipo kwambiri. Palibe wokhala nzeru zachibadwa, ndipo mumsasa Russian pafupi Narva sankadziwa enieni kuchuluka kwa asilikali mdani. Peter Ine, pakumva za njira za mdani, mbasiya kuti Novgorod ndi Alexander Menshikov ndi Fedor Golovin. Lamulo anali Field polimbana Charles-Evgeniy Krua. Duke (kuti anali ndi udindo wake) anayesa kukana zimene mfumu Komabe, sangathe kutsimikizira Peter.

Kenako, mfumu anafotokoza zochita zake chifukwa chakuti iye kuti mukwaniritse ndi Mfumu ya Poland, komanso Amakweza ndi kuligonjetsa nkhokwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali a Sweden pambuyo chigonjetso awo anayesetsa kumasulira nkhani imeneyi ngati wamantha mfumu. Narva manyazi Russian anali mwambo kuti amasule mendulo mwambo zosonyeza akulira Peter.

Ntchito yomanga asilikali Russian

Asilikali motsogozedwa ndi Croix anachita zonse kuti apeze poponda pa gombe la Narva Mtsinje. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kumbali ya kumadzulo anali anamanga malinga. asilikali onse chidagawika patatu. The pambali lamanja la wotanganidwa Avtomonov Golovin anthu pafupifupi 14 chikwi. Pakati anaima Prince Troubetzkoy ndi chipani chake. Mu lamulo lake anali anthu 6000. Lamanzere ndi apakavalo, amene anamvera Sheremetev.

Pamene zinadziwika kuti asilikali a Sweden kale pafupi kwambiri, de Croix analamula asilikali kusenza udindo. Kulumikizana anali anatambasula kuti makilomita asanu. Choncho magulu ankhondo woonda Mzere. Kumbuyo kwawo panalibe malo kapena malo Regiment.

Karl strategy

M'mawa wa November 30, 1700 asilikali Swedish anayandikira Russian maudindo. Narva akuyandikira discomfiture. Deti la nkhondo umadziwika ndi magwero atatu. Ngati mulankhula chisanadze kusintha kalendala, nkhondo kunachitika pa November 19, Swedish - 20 November, pa apano - 30 November.

Maonekedwe a asilikali a Sweden anabwera monga anadabwa, ngakhale kukonzekera m'mbuyomo. Sheremetev pa bungwe asilikali akufuna kugawanitsa asilikali. Gawo la izo zinali kupita anatseka misewu ya Narva ndi zina - kupereka nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden m'munda. Duke sanagwirizane ndi maganizo zimenezi ndipo tinaganiza kusiya kanthu kwa achinyamata Swedish mfumu, amene anatsogolera gulu lake la asilikali. Croix de A ankakhulupirira kuti asilikali Russian ndi kuphana-wokonzeka, ngati ukhala pa malo akale.

Asilikali a Sweden anali odziwa bwino za vuto la mdani, kotero anatha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri. Karl XII anaganiza akanikizire flanks a Russian monga asilikali Center anali kwambiri yamalinga, mbakunda mfumu. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika Narva manyazi. Great kumpoto nkhondo, unali ndi zotsatira zosiyana, ngati si zabwino Swedish strategists - Karl Renshild ndi Arvid Horn. Iwo anapereka malangizo anzeru kwa mfumu, iye anali munthu, koma iye sakanakhoza amalakwitsa popanda thandizo la atsogoleri a asilikali.

kuukira kwa asilikali a Sweden

Narva manyazi - si okha zoipa Russian kukonzekera nkhondo, koma mphezi kuukira kwa mdani. Asilikali a Sweden ankafuna kuti akanikizire mdani wake linga. Choncho pafupifupi mbisoweka malo mchitidwe ayankhe. Njira yokhayo kuzizira zinachititsa kuti mtsinje Narva.

oyenda chidafundidwa ndi zida zankhondo, omwe asilikali a Sweden kukhazikika pa phiri pafupi, lomwe limafotokoza maganizo abwino alili. Kunagwa chipale chofewa chifukwa china chimene chinachitika Narva manyazi. Zinali mwayi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Mphepo inali mu nkhope ya asilikali Russian. Aone chiyani musalumphe masitepe khumi kuti anapwetekedwa kubwerera moto.

Pa 2 koloko masana awiri kwambiri Swedish mphero anagunda flanks anatambasula asilikali Russian. Posachedwapa panali mabowo malo atatu komwe Karl kunyanyala analephera kusonyeza. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda Mgwirizano ankachita, Narva anakhala mosalephera manyazi. kufunika kwake n'kovuta Musaone, chifukwa patapita maola angapo, mdani anathyola mumsasa Russian.

Ndinayamba mantha chothaŵa. Obisalira sangachitire mwina koma kuyesera kupita oyenda Narva. The madzi achisanu anamira anthu pafupifupi zikwi. Isanafike, mtsinje anagwidwa yaing'ono pontoon mlatho, omwe sakanakhoza kukana kumangotsatira wa othawa kwawo ndi anakomoka, kuti kunandithandiza chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Narva manyazi, zapakati linali tsiku wakuda kwa mbiri Russian asilikali, zinali zoonekeratu.

ankhondo achilendo Petro pa mutu wa asilikali, iwo atayamba kuphwera, zomwe zinakwiyitsa akuluakulu Russian. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali yekha de A Croix, komanso Ludwig Allart. Iwo anagonja kwa asilikali a Sweden, kuthawa asilikali awo.

Kulimbikira kwambiri linaikidwa pa phiko bwino. Panopa asilikali Russian mpanda ku catapults mdani ndi ngolo. Komabe, sizikanatha lingasinthe zotsatira za nkhondo. Pa Kukada, zinthu wakhala anakula. Amadziwika Zomwe zinachitika pamene awiri Swedish kumuwombera mu mdima aliyense anatenga zina mwa Russian ndipo anatsegula moto pa yemweyo awo. Center linathyoka, ndi chifukwa cha mbali iyi awiri anali kuteteza okha sakanakhoza kubwera mu kukhudzana ndi mzake.

kudzipereka

Icho chinali chiyambi cha nkhondo kumpoto. Narva manyazi anali zosasangalatsa koma n'chosathaŵika zoona. M'mawa onse a udindo wa asilikali Russian, anaganiza kuyamba zokambirana kuti agonje. The osayanjanitsika chachikulu chinali Prince Yakov Dolgorukov. Anakonza ndi asilikali a Sweden pa chiphaso ufulu kutsidya lina. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali Russian anali asalandidwe katundu ndi zida zankhondo, koma iye anakhalabe mbendera ndi zida.

Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anapita zofunkha ndithu: 32 zikwi rubles ku chuma cha mfumukazi 20,000 muskets. Anali akanagwiritsa zomvetsa. Ngati asilikali a Sweden anataya anapha anthu 670, ndi Russian - 7000. 700 asilikali anakhalabe mu ukapolo, mosiyana ndi mawu kugonja.

mtengo

The Russian anatembenukira kwa Narva manyazi? Tanthauzo la m'mbiri la mwambo umenewu wakhala zotsatira yaitali. Choyamba anagunda mbiri Russia. asilikali ake anasiya zocheza mu Europe. Pa Peter poyera chipongwe, ndi kutchuka kwake Carl wolimba mkulu.

Komabe, nthawi wasonyeza kuti anali chigonjetso Pyrrhic kwa asilikali a Sweden. Carl anaganiza kuti Russia si owopsa, ndipo anayamba kumenyana ndi Poland ndi Denmark. Peter anatengerapo mwayi wotopa ndi. Iye anayamba kusintha asilikali boma, kusintha asilikali ndi kuika mu izo zedi chuma.

Izi wabereka zipatso. Patangopita zaka zochepa, dziko waphunzira za zipambano Russian mu nyanja ya Baltic. Nkhondo yaikulu zinachitika pafupi Poltava mu 1709. Asilikali a Sweden anagonjetsedwa ndi Charles anathawa. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti lonse la Russia, oddly mokwanira, zinkathandiza Narva manyazi. Grengamskoe nkhondo definitively mosatsata Sweden udindo molimba mphamvu wamphamvu mu nyanja ya Baltic. pangano mtendere Mukalowa mu 1721 umene Russia analandira kwambiri m'dziko ndi madoko m'chigawochi. Apa idamangidwa St. Petersburg - likulu latsopano la dziko. Nkhondo ya Poltava, Narva manyazi Grengamskoe nkhondo - zochitika zonsezi ngati chizindikiro cha yowala ndi kukayikira Petrine nyengo.