Opaleshoni ya magetsi: makhalidwe ambiri, mfundo zofunika zothandiza

Kumene a sayansi amadziwika kuti chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za thupi ndi mphamvu yake kuchita ntchito, kuyambira yotsirizira sikuti ndi kutembenuka kwa mtundu umodzi wa mphamvu mu china (mwachitsanzo, lingathe kayendedwe). Iwo ayenera kuganizira malamulo odziwika bwino za kusamala mphamvu, anakonza m'zaka XVIII MV Lomonosov, chimene mphamvu si ndi konse Mwamsanga, chingasinthe chabe, amatenga mawonekedwe osiyana. Zonsezi pamwambapa ikugwilizana osati kwa zolimba, komanso mitundu ina ya nkhaniyo, kuphatikizapo panopa magetsi.

The magetsi, monga kale zatsimikiziridwa - ndi gulu lotsogozedwa ndi tinthu mlandu. Kupita pa yeniyeni dera gawo particles kupanga munda magetsi, zomwe zimachititsa ntchito. Ntchito za magetsi apano - ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zimene ayenera mwakhama kulimbikitsa malipiro pa zimenezi dera. Pankhaniyi, osati onse ntchito panopa ndi wofunika komanso zothandiza. Wokwanira gawo appreciable wa mphamvu ntchito pa chinachake kugonjetsa kulimbikira mlandu magetsi wa particles pulayimale mu wochititsa dera ndi gwero.

Ntchito ya magetsi, chilinganizo chimene, motere kuchokera m'malemba pamwamba anapatsidwa, A = U • Q, ndi khalidwe yofunika kwambiri ya mtundu winawake wa nkhaniyi. Mu dongosolo ili, U ndi kusiyana kuthekera (voteji) pa unyolo gawo, ndipo Q - kachulukidwe mlandu akuti amadutsa pa gawo limeneli.

Komabe, ntchitoyo payokha ya magetsi adzakhala chidwi makamaka ngati sanapezedwa chitsanzo, yolumikiza ntchito ndi kuchuluka anamasulidwa ndi ichi mphamvu matenthedwe. chitsanzo pafupifupi imodzi anatsegula awiri odziwika bwino sayansi - Lenz ndi Jody Prescott Choncho, lamulo mu asayansi anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "chilamulo Joule Mulungu." Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, likukhalira kuti ndalama (kapena mphamvu) kutentha anamasulidwa mu buku kumatanthauza pa otaya therethrough wa particles mlandu ndi ntchito mwachindunji chipatso cha mphamvu wakumunda kachulukidwe likuyenderera mu gawo yogwira za magetsi. Lamulo limeneli n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mawerengedwe zomvetsa magetsi pa kufala kudzera mawaya pa ataliatali.

Ntchito ya magetsi mwachindunji ndi mtengo china chofunika - linanena bungwe. Mu mphamvu panopa kumvetsa sayansi khalidwe kachulukidwe akatembenuka ndi magetsi mphamvu kufala mitengo. Mphamvu amayezedwa kilowatt-maola, pamene ntchito ya amakono magetsi - mu joules.

Pakuti pazipita mphamvu panopa ku gwero makamaka ayenera kuganizira makhalidwe a gwero lake, ndi kuti kukana mkati ayenera yogwirizana ndi mzake ndi dera kunja, mwinamwake ntchito zonse opangidwa amapita kuthetsa kusiyana resistances lapansi.

Ntchito ya magetsi ndi yofunika thupi khalidwe limene tiyenela kuiganizila pafupifupi m'magulu onse a makampani ndi kupanga ndi kufala kwa mphamvu pa mtunda wautali.