Opondereza ndale ndi mitundu ya mawonetseredwe ake

ndale - njira imene ukugwirira ntchito andale mu dziko. Pali amaoneka njira imene mphamvu anasonyeza m'dziko yodziwika ndi muyeso mbali anthu a zandale, komanso, amene ali chopweteka kwambiri nkhaniyi, mkulu ufulu wa ndale m'dziko makamaka.

Opondereza ulamuliro - ndi koposa zonse, kukhulupirika, ndi ulamuliro wonse. mbali zonse za anthu akulamuliridwa ndi maulamuliro, akuchuluka kugwirizana mtheradi kusankha malangizo ndale pakati pa anthu ndipo akuluakulu (makamaka chifukwa choyamba si chinthu chabwino), kotero kuti boma zikuwoneka lonse, osati unagawanika zosiyanasiyana maganizo ndi maudindo.

Sophocles akuti: "The chete - chilolezo" - malo achilengedwe kuti opondereza, ngakhale pa nthawi imene maganizo lachitatu chipani ali anafuulira, osati chifukwa kulibe, koma chifukwa iwo musataye yachangu. Nzosadabwitsa mawu awa unachokera mu State, amene anatenga antagonist woyamba wa ulamuliro wankhanza mu dziko - Democracy.

History ndi zinthu zofunika

Opondereza ndale ulamuliro - chodabwitsa kuti choyamba anatuluka mu Italy. D. Amendola anafotokoza dongosolo njira iyi, anakhazikitsa Mussolini, chimene olamulira achifasizimu Italy msanga anavomera ndipo ngakhale atchukitsa zosiyana.

Opondereza ndale ali zingapo zochititsa:

• Mtheradi kulamulira anthu.
• Mphamvu amakhala mawonekedwe centralized ndi m'manja mwa ochepa anthu.
• Kuchuluka mphamvu kulamulira zochita za nzika.
• kulimbikitsa mfundo alipo m'madera onse a ntchito.
• boma ndi chipani chokha chimene salola njira yatsopano ndi mfundo zosiyana.
• Total indoctrination wa anthu.
• Yosangalatsa a mtundu wake.
• The zikuluzikulu kufufuza atolankhani.
• Akukana mwambo pansi pa amati zofuna watsopano, amene ali amati bwino kwambiri kuposa zenizeni, kapena m'mbuyomu posachedwapa.
• Chikhumbo malire pakati pa munthu, mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi boma.

Oimira kwambiri a opondereza - Nazi Germany, USSR ndi Stalinist nthawi lopondereza Italy.

Opondereza ndale ndi chikominisi

Ulamuliro kwambiri anasonyeza yokha m'njira zitatu: chikominisi, Fascism ndi Socialism National. malingaliro chikominisi kunali mbali ndi mapangidwe wa USSR. Apa boma chikhalidwe Zikuoneka kuti makamaka mu mawonekedwe a chilungamo. Iwo amayenera kukwaniritsa lonse ndi kukhala chuma, chikhalidwe, maganizo. Ganizo chikominisi anali woyamba anakonza mu zolemba Fridriha Engelsa ndi Karla Marksa, ngati pofuna kukhazikitsa ilo anatenga ulamuliro pa Vladimir Lenin.

Pakuti chikominisi amakhala ndi mbali zonse za dongosolo opondereza kuphatikizapo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa makamaka mitundu ndi mgwirizano, ngakhale kuti penapake uphimbika: "wosakwatiwa anthu Soviet". Popeza kuti cholinga cha Ulamuliro - m'malo zonse zino ndi chipembedzo. Pa nthawi imeneyo akuletsedwa kuyendera mipingo ndi akachisi komanso zithunzi n'kuyamba ndi zithunzi za Lenin kenako Stalin, amene anapita ndi omangika dongosolo kale wodyerana.

Opondereza ndale ndi Fascism

Apa payima chitsanzo kuwala Italy, omwe anali chogwidwa ndi Benito Mussolini, amene anayambitsa njira iyi.

Chophweka njira bungwe Ulamuliro lopondereza m'mayiko amene anthu ndi mavuto azachuma, ndipo zimenezi anatenga gulu osiyana Italy mu 20s-40s kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Apa zikuonetseratu anasonyeza kwakukulu gulu la anthu mu "apamwamba" ndi "m'munsi", chimene chiri chosiyana ndi zolinga za chikominisi.

Pakuti Fascism amakhala ndi traditionalism, m'kukoma kupanga miyambo monga mmodzi wa mfundo yaikulu ndi nkhondo ndewu ndi mwambo wa mtsogoleri. Mussolini analidi mtsogoleri, nthawi analankhula moto kulankhula maganizo, ndipo anayambitsa kufufuza kwambiri ndiponso anathandiza Germany mu nkhondo zake, komanso zochita inanso zoipa, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa yake. Iye amapereka mwa Winston Churchill, kuganizira wandale kwambiri.

Opondereza ndale ndi Socialism National

Mtundu wina Ulamuliro - sosholisimu dziko, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, Nazism. M'munda umenewu kusiyana Germany, amene anthu tapatsidwa ufulu mphamvu ya Adolf Hitler mu 1920, amene anatha zimagwirizizirana wake amisala mfundo odana Semitism tsankho ndi Fascism. Apa Ulamuliro zochokera maganizo peculiarities mitundu ya mtundu (chikhalidwe Darwin), zomwe mwachirendo zapiringizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wawo danga moyo ku Eastern Europe (ngakhale dziko la Germany ndi Nazi kutanthauzira - Aryan, sanali kwambiri kuti sizikugwirizana mu Germany) ; chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi anali anazindikira zoopsa ku mtundu wa Ayuda, chifukwa Adolf Hitler ankaganiza kuti iwo akuyesera kutenga dziko lonse ndi maonekedwe awo ali mbali wotsika. Awa ndimaganizo ephemeral kwambiri, panopa, asayansi amakonda kukhulupirira kuti sichinali cholinga koma njira, chifukwa zopeka chinachititsa chilakolako osadziletsa mphamvu, ozikidwa pa mavuto maganizo a Mtsogoleri wakale.

Socialism National, mwamwayi, ali unatha mu kuwonetsera kotero lonse, ndi dziko la masiku akana maganizo ake ndi zinthu, kuganizira zodabwitsazi ndi chibwana wa mbiri.