Solovyov akuwoloka. Nkhondo ya Smolensk. Chikumbutso

Pali zochitika zotero m'mbiri! Nkhondo ziwiri - pamalo amodzi. Kusiyana kokha pakati pawo ndi zaka 129.

Panjira

Kale kwambiri kunali mudzi wotchedwa Solovyevo. Masiku ano ndi za chigawo cha Kardymovsky (uwu ndi dera la Smolensk). Malinga ndi 2014, ndi anthu 292 okha. Koma nkhani ya mudzi wa anthu ochepa kwambiri ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Anapulumuka zambiri, zomwe zimakumbukira zinthu zambiri. Choncho, pafupi zaka mazana atatu m'maboma a anthu okhala m'mayiko ena, anasiya ndi Lithuania kamodzi anawasungira. Amuna ankawagwiritsa ntchito pafamu.

Malo awa ndi mbiriyakale. Ili pamtunda wa nthaka ndi madzi. Dzina la mudziwo linali m'zaka za zana la XVIII. Panali injiniya wotero Ivan Solovyov, amene anamanga msewu wotchuka Smolensk. Polemekeza iye adatcha mudziwo.

Kuukira kwa French

Pamene Napoleon anasamukira ku Russia mu 1812, bwato la Solovyov linathandiza kwambiri. Akuluakulu a ku Russia, akubwerera, adadza kumudzi ndipo adangodziwa kuti pali njira imodzi yokha yopitira: kukafika ku banja la Dnieper. Koma bwanji? Mtsinje umene ulipo uli ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri moti asirikali 30 okha angathe kuwutenga.

Ndipo maulendowa anapita ku Moscow. Kazembe wamkulu wa ku Russia, dzina lake Ferdinand Vincentgerode, yemwe pankhondoyi anatsogolera "mahatchi" okwera pamahatchi, ankafuna kukonza mofulumira kudutsa mtsinjewo. Nkhaniyi inapatsidwa kwa mtsogoleri wotchuka Ivan Glinka. Iye anali wotchuka chifukwa cha changu chake chapadera. Woweruza wamkulu anamupatsa ntchito yovuta: osapitirira masiku awiri kuti amange mlatho. Kuchokera ku zipika.

Glinka adayitanitsa alimi ochokera ku dera. Ndipo ntchito inachoka. Koma zidatenga mlatho kuti ukhale wolimba. Apa ndi pamene ankakhazikika mosavuta. Amphawi adakokera ambiri a iwo.

Patatha masiku angapo, kudutsa Dnieper kunali kokonzeka. Mabwalo awiri oyandama anatsegulidwa pamsewu ndi magalimoto ndi ovulala, ndi magalimoto odyera, ngakhale ngakhale mahatchi. Komanso kwa khamu lalikulu la anthu omwe adathawa kuchokera ku zigawo za French.

Momwe chithunzicho chinabwerera

M'mabuku a Mikhail Barclay de Tolly, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Russia ndi wolimba mtima wa nkhondo ya 1812, akuti: Ng'ombe yomwe ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Solovievo inathandiza asilikaliwo kutenga zida zambiri zomwe analanda. Iwo, powulukira mwadzidzidzi apa, anayamba kuwombera pamsewuwu. Asilikali a Napoleon anasokonezeka: kodi a Russia anadumpha kuti? Iwo anathamanga, anakankhira wina ndi mzake, anagwa kuchokera pa mlatho wochepa. Wina wamira. Kotero mdani anataya mazana a akufa. A Russia okwana 1,000 anagwidwa ndi anthu a ku Russia.

Pamene nzika za Smolensk zidathawa kuchoka ku malo awa "kuchokera kwa Mfalansa", adatengera mtengo wapatali - chizindikiro cha Smolensk cha amayi a Mulungu. Koma poyamba iwo anapita naye kuzungulira mzindawo, panali misonkhano yamapemphero.

Patapita miyezi itatu, chizindikiro chomwe chinapita ku gulu lankhondo la Russia ku nkhondo zonse chinabwezeretsedwa ku Smolensk.

Ulendo wofulumira

Nthawi inadutsa. Ndipo kachiwiri mdaniyo, wosiyana kale, wathyoka pa ufulu wathu. Mu 1941, a ku Germany atalanditsa Belarus, adalongosola njirayi: dera la Smolensk. Pa July 13 iwo adayenda pachitukuko. Tsiku lotsatira Semyon Timoshenko, mtsogoleri wa asilikali, adalangiza kuteteza Smolensk, Lieutenant-General Mikhail Lukin. Analamula asilikali 16. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 1916, atamaliza sukulu ya zikalata, Lukin analamula kampani ya Fourth Grenadier Nesvizh Regiment yotchedwa Barclay de Tolly. Odziwa bwino anali msilikali, wolimba mtima. Ndipo "gulu logwira ntchito la Lukin," ndipo mkuluyo mwiniwake, pamene nkhondo ya Smolensk ya 1941 ikupitirira, adawonetsa kulimba mtima ndi nzeru. Asilikali ake anasokonezeka kuchoka ku Moscow gulu lalikulu la A Hitlerite.

Komabe, pa July 15, Ajeremani akanatha kulowa mumzindawu. M'katikati mwake munagwa asilikali achi Russia. Ili ndi la 16, la 19 ndi la 20. Kuyankhulana ndi kumbuyo kunali kosatheka kusunga. Kudzera m'nkhalango zokha, kupyolera mwa anthu a m'mudzimo Solovyevo.

Koma pa Julayi 17, anthu a ku Germany omwe adagwira ntchito ku parachuti anafika pamtunda wa makilomita 13 kuchokera mumzindawu - m'tauni ya Yartsevo. Kuchokera pano kwa iwo kuchoka ku msewu waukulu "Smolensk-Moscow" unatsegulidwa.

Kuwoloka kwa Solovyov kunali panthawi imeneyo mfundo yokha yomwe kupereka kwa mbali za ankhondo a "Kumadzulo kwa" kwathu kunalikupita. Kwa iye kudalira kwambiri. Ndipo mu dongosolo lamakono, ndi mwa munthu. Pambuyo pake, apa, pamtunda wonyamulira, anatulutsa odwala onse, komanso ovulazidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake asilikali athu amayang'anira njirayi mosamalitsa, amatetezedwa. Chifukwa chake chinali nacho nkhondo nthawi zonse. A chipani cha chipani cha chipani cha Nazi chinaphulitsidwa mabomba kuchokera mlengalenga.

Colonel Alexander Lizyukov anaimbidwa mlandu woteteza kudutsa. Cholinga sichikutanthauza kukwaniritsa zonse zofunika kwa iwo akumenyana pafupi ndi Smolensk, komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuti athe kubwerera kwawo.

Kusambira - kumbali ina

Pamene Fritzes adawonekera ku chigawochi, othaŵa kwawo ochokera ku Smolensk ndi madera ozungulira adathamanga mpaka kuwoloka. Panalibe mlatho wokhalapo apa. Ndipo ngalawayo ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, magalimoto awiri okha amaikidwa. Inde, ndi kukoka ndi dzanja lamanja.

Koma chifukwa chokhacho chothawira, onse adachigwira. Anthu anapita ndipo anangothamanga, akugwirana. Ngolo zonyansa ndi amuna ovulala zinali kusuntha, mahatchi anali kuthamangira. Aliyense anali kutengeka ndi mantha. Pambuyo penipeni pa othawa kwawo panali zambiri moti palibe chimene chikanawoneka.

Ndipo gehena weniweni inayamba. Pamwamba - Ajeremani amaponya mabomba, pansi - akuponya zida zankhondo zopanda zida. Nkhosazo zikufuula. Anthu okhalamo anaphatikizapo iwo mwapadera. Kufuula anthu okwiya ndi mantha. Akazi akulira, ovulazidwa akulira. Zinali zovuta kwenikweni! Ambiri ambiri anafera pamsampha uwu - onse a usilikali ndi ankhondo.

Komabe, palibe tsiku limodzi Solovyov akudutsa (Smolensk) sanaleke kugwira ntchito. Sappers ndi asilikali nthawi zonse ankakonza. Pafupi, iwo anamanga milatho yaifupi, ena. Ndizovuta, koma anali kutumiza magalimoto odzazidwa ndi zida, komanso mafuta ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, kumadzulo. Koma ovulazidwa ndi othawa kwawo, maulendo obwerera kwawo anadutsa kummawa.

Chilichonse chinali kudzabwezeretsa kudutsa kosatha. Mabotolo, mitengo, kukwera, kumangomangidwa kuchokera ku chirichonse chomwe chimabwera. Komabe, izi sizinali zokwanira. Anthu omwe ankakonda (kuphatikizapo ovulala) adathamangira m'madzi ndikusambira kupita kunyanja ina. Kutumizidwa ndi ng'ombe.

Bwererani

Kwa njira imodzi yokha yolankhulirana, yomwe idamenyana tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, pa July 27, Ajeremani anatha kuligwira.

Masiku awiri adadutsa. Utsogoleri wa Western Front akupanga chisankho chochotsa asilikali omwe akuzunguliridwa ndi Ajeremani kudzera m'ngalawa yomweyo - pafupi ndi Solovyevo.

Zinali zovuta kwa aliyense, pamene ankayenda kuno kuchokera ku Smolensk. Ajeremani adagonjetsa timayuni yathu popanda kuima. Musakhale nawo asilikali kale ndi zipolopolo. Anatenga mabotolo omaliza ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuwaponyera mumatangi. Ambiri a iwo anafa. Komabe, zonse zinkachitika kuti azitengera zipatala zawo zamankhwala ndi zipatala ku bwato.

Pamene adayika anzanga olumala ku sukulu ya mudzi. Anapachika mbendera yoyera padenga lake ndi mtanda waukulu wofiira. Monga, apa pali ovulala, musati muwombere. Koma sizinapangitse manyazi Hitleriti. Iwo anaphwanya sukuluyo. Ndiponso-akufa ...

Sitima yolimba kwambiri imayimba pansi pa magalimoto ambirimbiri, magalimoto osiyanasiyana ndi matrekta atanyamula mfuti. Anayenda pambaliyi ndi apamwamba ndi apamwamba omwe ali ndi atsogoleri. Ndipo alipo masauzande a iwo. Ndipo zonsezi - pansi pa moto, zomwe sizinaime. Palimodzi ndi ankhondo, anthu amakhalanso akusuntha. Ng'ombezo zinali kuthamangitsidwa. Mabungwewo adachotsedwanso.

Yofiira ku magazi a Dnieper

A Fascist sanasiye, adaphera. Palibe chipolopolo china. Ndipotu, kudzikundikira kwa asilikali ndi anthu wamba kunakhazikitsidwa kwambiri moti sikukanatha kuphonya!

Pa mtsinje, wofiira kwambiri kuchokera ku mwazi wa munthu, asirikali ovulala anali akuyenda. Ndi mitembo. Mahatchi oopsya akulira. Anthu adafuula. Ndipo ziphuphu zimapangabe zolemetsa zoterezi. Ogwira nawo ntchitoyi anakumbukira mtsogolo: "Ngati kuli gehena padziko lapansi, ndilo Solovyov kudutsa m'chilimwe cha 1941!"

Tsiku lina m'masiku osangalatsawa magalimoto a ku Germany adayandikira. Fritz, atatembenuza okamba nkhani, anapatsa asilikali a Soviet kuti angodzipereka. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi, panthawi yomweyi, Katyusha wathu anayamba kulankhula. Mitambo ya utsi ndi makala a moto amawombera pa akasinja a mdani.

Masabata awiri okha

Patapita nthawi pang'ono - ndi asilikali a General Konstantin Rokossovsky (omwe adzalangizidwa kuti adzalamulire ku Victory Parade mu 1945 ku Moscow) ndipo Colonel Lizyukov "adabwerera" pamtsinjewo. Mmawa wa August 4, asilikali athu anapita kunkhondo. Ndipo tsiku lotsatira iye anali mmanja mwawo.

Pafupifupi milungu iŵiri tsiku lililonse, pansi pa matalala ndi ziphuphu, pakati pa kupsa mtima kwakukulu kwa zipolopolo za zipolopolo, Lizyukov ndi ana ake anatumiza gulu lonse lofunika la Soviet, ndipo sanalole adaniwo kukhala nawo. Ndizodabwitsa! A Hitlerite odziwika bwino ankagwira mayiko onse panthawi yomweyo. Ndipo pano, mumudzi wawung'ono, nkhondoyo inali yolemetsa kwambiri. Solovyov akudutsa, adatsutsa zonse.

Kutulutsidwa

Kutaya kwathunthu ndi kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali kwa anthu okhala m'deralo kuchokera kwa alendo osalandiridwa kunabwera chaka cha 43, kumapeto kwa September. Asilikali a Soviet anayambitsa zonyansa kwambiri pansi pa dzina la "Suvorov."

Ndipo kachiwiri ku usilikali amavomereza kuti mawu akuti "Solovyov akuwoloka" akuwalira. Ndiponsotu, lamulo la Germany lidaonabe kuti ndilofunika kwambiri.

Koma kwa iye (pamsewu wa Old Smolensk) regiments kuchokera ku 312th Infantry Division kale idadutsa. Atasokoneza chitetezo cha mdani pafupi ndi mudziwu, nkhondo zidawathandiza kuti zipangizo zawo zomangamanga zikhazikike.

Pamene akunena zosiyana, apa, pamtunda umenewu, asilikali athu ndi alonda athu anafa modabwitsa - kuyambira 50 mpaka 100,000. Mu manda a anthu 895 omwe alibe abale.

Munthu wokongola wokongola wa konkire

Lero simudzawona mtsinje uliwonse ukuyenda pano - ngakhale ngolo kapena pontoon yofanana. Mlatho wamphamvu wachitsulo unagwirizanitsa mabanki a Dnieper.

Ndipo pafupi ndi izo - zachilendo "Katyusha". Kuyenda kwa Solovyov mu 1941 kunalandira mipukutu isanu ndi iwiri ya rocket.

Lero, malo okumbukira chikumbutso pa webusaitiyi anawonekera pachitetezo cha ankhondo a nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko ladziko komanso anthu okhala m'dera la Kardymovskiy.

Madzulo a July 18, 2015, Moto Wamuyaya pa Foni ya Solovyovaya inali litayikidwa. Aliyense akudziwa: Panthawi ya nkhondo, chitetezo chake chinakhala kwa miyezi iwiri. Kulimbana kotere ndi adaniwo kuli ngati kuteteza nsanja ku Brest.

Mipukutu pafupifupi 1.5 million inaperekedwa ndi oyang'anira dera la Smolensk kuti aike Chikumbutso mwapadera, kukonzekera ku Common Grave ndi kukonza bwino Field of Memory.

Kuwala kwa Moto Wamuyaya kunadza ku Kardymovskiy kuchokera ku Alexander Garden waku Moscow, kuchokera ku Tomb ya asilikali osadziwika, komwe kumatentha, popanda moto.

Mwa njira, chochitika chimodzi cha mbiriyakale chinatengedwa ngati maziko a chida cha mzinda wa Kardymovo. Iyo inabwerezedwa mu nkhondo ziwiri za Russia. Iyi ndi njira yopitilira Solovyov kudutsa asilikali a Russia ndi Soviet.