Pa zimene nyanja anali Ice? Nkhondo pa Ice: tsiku, maonekedwe, chipilala

Mu filimu yotchuka Sergeya Eyzenshteyna ndi zinachitika ndi mwala khwangwala. Malinga ndi nkhani zakale, ndiye amene adauka kwa madzi a m'nyanja munthawi ya ngozi dziko Russian, kuthandiza akumenyetsa adani. Kotero izo zinali mu 1242. deti limeneli limapezeka mu malo m'dera mbiri, pokhala inextricably zogwirizana ndi Nkhondo ya Ice.

Sitikudziwa mosadziwa kulankhula maganizo anu pa thanthwe ili. Pajatu zochokera mbiri yakale amene adakali pofuna kumvetsa zimene zinachitika Nyanja Ice. Ndipotu, akatswiri ambiri amene amagwira ntchito ndi yachokera mbiri, komabe sindikudziwa kumene Ndipotu makolo athu anamenyana ndi Teutonic Knights.

Mfundo boma la view chimati nkhondo kunachitika pa ayezi mwa nyanja Chud. Masiku ano, ndi zodziwika kokha kuti nkhondo kunachitika pa 5 April. Chaka Battle pa Ice - 1242 kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino. M'mbiri ya Novgorod ndi Livonia Chronicle ambiri palibe amene zofanana tsatanetsatane: zimasiyanasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha asilikali pankhondo, ndipo chiwerengero cha akufa ndiwobvulazidwa.

Ngakhale mwatsatanetsatane zimene zinachitika sitikudziwa. Zinafika ife chidziwitso chabe imene wapambana on Lake Peipsi, ndi kuti kwambiri pamfundo, kusinthidwa mawonekedwe. Zimenezi n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi Baibulo boma koma mawu mokweza asayansi anthu amene amalimbikira pa ntchito yomanga m'ziwawa ndi kukonzanso kafukufuku archival zisakuyenda bwino. Onse akufuna kudziwa osati zimene zinachitika mu zimene nyanja Ice, komanso kupeza chilichonse chochitika.

mafotokozedwe Official nkhondo ikuyendera

Kutsutsana ratification anakumana m'mawa. Anali mu 1242, Nyanja Chud Sichinatsitsidwe anabwera ayezi kuwala. asilikali Russian akhala ambiri oponya mivi mtima yemwe anafika pafupi kutenga kuwawa za kuukira German. Zindikirani momwe amalankhula Livonia Chronicle: "Lengezani abale (Teutonic Knights) walowerera Izinso ... ambiri akufa mbali zonse zinagwa pa udzu (!)."

Motero, "Mbiri" ndipo pamanja Novgorod pa mfundo iyi kwathunthu converge. Inde, pamaso pa asilikali Russian panayima detachment a oponya mivi kuwala. Mwamwayi a ku Germany zinachitikira kwawo kwachisoni, zinali msampha. "Amphamvu" ndime ya oyenda German anagumula msilikali wa asilikali zida zokwanira, ndi kumapitirira. Ife sitimangotseka kulemba mawu oyamba mu makoti. Chifukwa chiyani? Mwachitsanzo izi pansipa.

Russian mbali mafoni msanga azungulira Germany kuchokera flanks, kenako anayamba kuwononga iwo. Germany adathamanga, anathamangitsa khamu lawo Novgorod pafupifupi makilomita asanu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale mu nthawi iyi, pali kusiyana magwero osiyanasiyana. Ngati ife pofotokoza Ice Mwachidule, mu nkhani iyi, M'nkhani ya zikutipatsa mafunso ena.

Kufunika Kopambana

Choncho, ambiri a mboni sananene chilichonse za Ankhondo "kumizidwa". Part wa asilikali German anazungulira. Ankhondo ambiri anatengedwa ukapolo. Mfundo yake lipoti 400 Germany akufa, ndi ena makumi asanu anthu anatengedwa ukapolo. Tschudi chomwecho, malinga ndi mbiri ya, "kugwa osawerengeka." Ndizo zonse ndi Ice mwachidule.

Itanitsani imfa momvetsa anazindikira. Mu chaka chomwecho ndi mtendere Novgorod anali anamaliza, dziko la Germany kwathunthu anasiya nkhondoyo awo osati Russia komanso Letgole. kuwombola zonse akaidi ngakhale anapanga. Komabe, Teutons anayesa retake Pskov patapita zaka khumi. Choncho, chaka cha Nkhondo ya Ice lofunika kwambiri tsiku, chifukwa chakuti boma la Russia kudzilimbitsa anthu ena pankhondo.

nthano za wamba

Ngakhale zakale za mbiri ya dera Pskov akukayikira kwambiri za zinadziwika ambiri "katundu" wa Ankhondo a German. Pamaso chabe chifukwa cha zida zawo chachikulu iwo pafupifupi kamodzi anamira mu madzi a nyanza. Akatswiri ambiri ndi changu osowa ukufalitsidwa kuti dziko la Germany mu zida zawo kulemedwa "katatu kwambiri" pafupifupi Russian wankhondo.

Ndicho chimodzi chokha cha luso wamba mu armament a chi inu motsimikiza kuti asilikali otetezeka ku mbali zonse zinali za ofanana.

Zida si aliyense!

chakuti zida chachikulu chimene angapezeke mu ankapenta Battle pa Ice m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, anaonekera yekha mu zaka XIV-XV. M'zaka za m'ma XIII amuna anavala chisoti zitsulo, unyolo makalata kapena mbale zida (yotsirizira anali okwera mtengo komanso yosowa kwambiri), miyendo ankavala bracers ndi leggings. Linkalemera makilogalamu onse makumi awiri pa ambiri. Wochuluka wa asilikali German ndipo Russian analibe chitetezo ngati konse.

Pomaliza, mfundo zambiri ngati oyenda panopo ali ndi zida pa ayezi sanali mfundo. Anathetsa-wapansi, mantha kuukira apakavalo sizinali zofunikira. Ndiye n'chifukwa mutengere mwayi kamodzinso, nyamuka pa April woonda ayezi mu kuchuluka kwa chitsulo?

Koma sukulu akuyendayenda Ice Maphunziro 4, koma chifukwa palibe munthu chabe sizimapita mu mfundo zimenezi.

Madzi kapena dziko?

Malinga ndi mapeto ambiri amavomereza kuti anapanga ulendo pansi pa USSR Academy of Sciences (wotsogolera wa Cara), malo a nkhondo imatengedwa kuti ndi malo ochepa a ofunda Nyanja (mbali ya Peipsi), yomwe inali pa mtunda wa mamitala 400. kwa masiku Cape Sigovets.

Pafupifupi theka m'ma palibe wina anakayikira zotsatira za maphunziro awa. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene asayansi achita ntchito kwenikweni lalikulu la kupenda osati magwero a mbiri yakale, komanso hydrology ndi nthaka a m'derali. Monga tanena ndi wolemba Vladimir Potresov, amene anali nawo mwachindunji ulendo womwewo, ife anatha kulenga "masomphenya lonse la vuto." Zotero zimene nyanja anali Ice?

Apa, linanena bungwe wamba - Peipsi. nkhondo, ndipo anatenga malo penapake mu malo amenewo, koma tanthauzo la malo enieni mpaka pali vuto.

Kodi ofufuza anapeza?

Choyamba, iwo kamodzinso kuwerenga amafotokoza. Iwo anati kuti kukaphedwa anali "pa Uzmeni ndi Voroneya mwala." Tayerekezerani kuti inuyo kumuuza mnzanu mmene angakwanitsire siteji, ntchito zomveka mawu inu ndi iye. Ngati chomwecho retell ndi anthu a m'madera ena, iye sangadziwitse. Ife tiri mu malo omwewo. Kodi Uzmen? Khwangwala Rock ndi chiyani? Kodi zonsezi zinali konse?

Kuyambira pamenepo, patatha zaka zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri. The mtsinje anasintha bedi lake ndipo mu nthawi yochepa! Choncho zotsala chilichonse kuchokera weniweni ndondomeko linalake. Ngati tingayerekezere kuti nkhondo mwa njira ina kwenikweni zinachitika pa ayezi pamwamba pa nyanja, ndiye yang'anani chinthu akukhala ngakhale kovuta.

German Baibulo

Kuona vuto anzawo Soviet, mu 30s wa gulu la asayansi German anafulumira kulengeza kuti Russian ... anatulukira Battle wa Ice! Alexander Nevsky, iwo amati, monga analenga yekha m'chifanizo cha wopambana kuti kupereka chofunika kwambiri kwa zifaniziro zawo pa zandale. Kuti ali chabe Zomwe zinachitika pa nkhondo ndipo anauza akale mbiri German, kotero kuti nkhondo kwenikweni.

Kodi asayansi Russian anali weniweni nkhondo wapakamwa! Aliyense anayesa kupeza malo kumene kunachitika mu masiku akale a nkhondo. Onse anali kutchedwa "Choncho" dziko m'dera ndi kumadzulo, pa gombe kum'mawa la nyanja. Wina ankanena kuti nkhondo kunachitika pa onse m'chigawo chapakati cha posungira. Ndi akhwangwala mwala ambiri ali ndi vuto: Linamutengera mapiri timiyala ting'onoting'ono pa pansi pa nyanja, ndiye munthu adamuwona uliwonse Chigawo thanthwe pa padoko lapansi. Mkangano anali kwambiri, ndizo basi si patsogolo pa zonse.

Mu 1955, onse wodwala, ndipo ankapita kuti ulendo chomwecho. M'mphepete mwa nyanja Peipsi anali zakale akatswiri a zinenero, Akatswiriwa ndi hydrography, akatswiri mu Asilavo ndi zinenero zina zambiri German nthawi, akatswiri olemba mapu. Lidazizwa pamene anali Nkhondo ya Ice. Alexander Nevsky anali pano, imathamanga zedi, ndizo basi kumene asilikali ake adakomana mdani?

Pa kutaya zonse asayansi unaperekedwa ku maboti ochepa ndi magulu a mitundu mitundu odziwa. Ndi ntchito m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ndi okonda zambiri, ophunzira ochokera m'madera m'dera mbiri. Choncho zimene anapereka ofufuza Peipus? Nevsky anali kuno ndi asilikali?

mwala khwangwala

Kwa nthawi yaitali mu chilengedwe asayansi zoweta view chinali Khwangwala ndi mwala - chinsinsi zinsinsi zonse za Ice. atsale anapatsidwa lofunika kwambiri. Pomaliza anatulukira. Kunapezeka kuti anali ndithu mkulu mwala Chigawo kunsonga kumadzulo kwa chilumba Gorodets. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, si wandiweyani thanthwe anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa ndi mphepo ndi madzi.

Pa phazi la nkhungubwi mwala ofukula Mwachangu anapeza zotsalira za malinga Russian kulondera kuti oletsedwa ndime ku Novgorod ndi Pskov. Choncho malo m'nthawi anali kwenikweni bwino chifukwa cha kufunika kwake.

zotsutsana latsopano

Amene amawapeza chabe chosaiwalika chofunika kalelo sindimatanthauza kukhazikitsa malo Nkhondo ya Nyanja Peipsi. M'malo mwake, otaya nthawi zonse kwambiri moti ayezi ngati palibe mfundo. Konzani apa Russian nkhondo ndi Germany, idzamezedwa chilichonse, kaya zankhondo. Mbiri, mwachizolowezi nthawi imeneyo, basi mwala Khwangwala monga chosaiwalika wapamtima amene anali kuoneka nkhondo.

Baibulo la zochitika

Ngati tibwerera ku malongosoledwe a chochitika, yopatsidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino, ndiye inu mwina kumbukirani mawu oti "... ambiri akufa mbali zonse zinagwa pa udzu." Kumene, "udzu" Pankhaniyi angakhale mawu okuluwika kusonyeza mfundo za kugwa imfa. Koma lero, olemba mbiri zambiri timakonda kukhulupirira kuti apeze zinthu zakale za nkhondo kuti akhale basi padoko lapansi.

Komanso, pansi pa Peipsi akadali sikunafanane zida iliyonse. Ngakhale Russian kapena Teutonic. Kumene, zida zankhondo, monga, mfundo yake anali ochepa (ife kale analankhula za zapamwamba kwambiri), koma osachepera chinachake chinali kukhala! Makamaka pamene inu kuganizira mmene osiyana ambiri madzi anapangidwa.

Motero, zingakhale ndithu mapeto kuyenera kuti ayezi tizivutika wa ku Germany, zomwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri ku armament mwa asilikali, osati kuwononga. Komanso, pamaso pa zida, ngakhale pansi nyanja si chinachake kutsimikizira motsimikiza kufunika umboni pofukula, monga skirmishes kumalire kunachitika mu malo amenewo nthawi zonse.

Mu mau, zikuonekeratu zimene zinachitika Nyanja Ice. Funso kumene zinali ndendende zoopsa, komabe nkhawa azambiriyakale zoweta ndi achilendo.

Chipilala chosaiwalika nkhondo

The chipilala polemekeza chochitika kwambiri anali ankachitika mu 1993. Iwo ankakhala mu mzinda wa Pskov, pamwamba pa phiri Sokoliha. Ku malo ongolankhula nkhondo chipilala kuchotsedwa oposa zana makilomita. Pamwalawo ili laperekedwa kwa "vigilantes Aleksandra Nevskogo." Ndalama zochokera ku ogula, iye anali amazipanga zovuta zaka. Ndipo chifukwa chipilala ichi ndi wofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya dziko lathu.

luso akuti

Mu mzere oyamba ife otchulidwa filimu Sergeya Eyzenshteyna, amene adatenga kumbuyo mu 1938. Linatchedwa kuti filimu "Alexander Nevsky". Kuti tione chabe izi waukulu (kwa mfundo luso la view) filimu ngati ubwino mbiri safunikira izo. Zamkhutu, ndipo mfundo mwachionekere onyenga pali pano wochuluka.