Sitima yapamwamba "Orion": kufotokozera, mbiri

Tsogolo liripo. Kuyenda maulendo apakati ndi ndege, malo opangira anthu pa Mwezi ndi Mars komanso kutalika kwa munthu mumlengalenga sikumakhala kosangalatsa. Zomwe zinapindula pofufuza malo, kufufuza malo ndi malo opeza atsopano a fizikiya, zinayambitsa chiyambi cha zaka zathu zakumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo pa intaneti. Nthawi yosatsimikizika, chitukuko cha malingaliro opanga ndi zenizeni zachuma. Makampani ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito mu luso lamakono, mapulojekiti amawoneka ndi kutha, amapereka chakudya cha chitukuko cha malingaliro opanga. Kukhala chiwonetsero chenichenicho ndi mwayi muzonse. Ntchito yowonongeka kwa malo a ku America "Orion" inakhala yeniyeni. Ponena za iye, ntchito zina, chiyembekezo cha malo, ndipo tikukambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Chiyambi Chachiyambi

Orion ndi ndege ya mbadwo wotsiriza, omwe cholinga chake ndi kutsogolera munthu kupyola muyendo wa Dziko lapansi. Pokhala ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono, kapu yowonongeka yomwe imaikidwa pa galimoto yotchedwa Delta IV yothamanga kwambiri imatha kutumiza gulu la akatswiri asanu ndi limodzi ndipo mu 2030 idzatengera munthu ku Mars. Zolinga zoterezi zimafotokozedwa ndi National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Mu December 2014, ndege ya ndege ya Orion inali mkati mwa maola 4.5 ndipo inakafika ku Pacific Ocean, ikuwonetsa kuti zingatheke kukwaniritsa zolinga za kampaniyo. Chishango chotentha, kapule ndi parachute zinayesedwa. Kuyesedwa kwa mtengo wa madola 350 miliyoni, koma iwo anatsimikizira ziyembekezo za gulu lonse la padziko pa ndege ya ndege ya Orion. Zithunzi zamakono ndi kanema kwa nthawi yaitali zinatenga malo a ma TV ndi chidwi cha anthu ammudzi. Kuchokera pa chiwerengero cha zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu kupita ku 18,300 zolemba za ofuna kukapeza akatswiri a zamoyo mumphepete mwa nyanja yotchedwa Orion. Firimu yoyambitsa sitima yasonkhanitsa ku videohostings nambala ya mawonedwe.

Pakadali pano, kwambiri

Zopangidwa ndi fano ndi mafanizidwe a Apollo, sitimayi imayimira mbadwo watsopano wa magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto. Kuchokera pakati pa zaka za 2000, ndege yowonongeka yokha yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono inakhazikitsidwa monga gawo la pulogalamu ya US "Sozvezdie".

Chombo chotchedwa "Orion" chimakhala ndi kachidutswa kamene kamakhala kogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kapsule imapangidwa ndi aerospace corporation Lockheed Martin yotumizidwa ndi NASA. Wogulira gawoli anali European Space Agency (ESA), ndipo adazipanga ku kampani ya Airbus Defense ndi Space. Ichi ndi ntchito yayikulu yovomerezeka ya mayiko padziko lonse lapansi.

Mafotokozedwe apadera akufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane makonzedwe ndi zida zamakono za ndegeyi. Kwa wowerenga wosavuta, ichi ndi chidziŵitso chovuta komanso chosadziwika chomwe chikuwonetsera ndege ya ndege ya Orion. Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito "Orion" ili ndi zizindikiro zambiri ndi zinazake, zomwe tiyimira.

Orion, Apollo, shuttles ndi ena

Kuwonekera ndi mawonekedwe ndi ofanana ndi capsules ya Apollo ndi "Union Unions". Ndiyi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri polowa mumlengalenga ndikusunthira mmenemo. Kutentha kwakukulu kumaphatikizidwa ndi chishango chachisawawa chomwe chimatenthedwa pafupifupi pamene chimabzalidwa ndikusinthidwa mosavuta kuti chiwonekere.

Njira yoyendetsera ntchitoyi imachokera ku mapulogalamu opanga mphamvu a PowerPC 750FX, omwe amachititsa atolankhani kunena kuti "Orion" sizoposa nzeru zamakono zamakono. Koma omangawo anafotokoza kuti anasankha kukhala otsimikizika kwambiri kwa machitidwewa pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi mazira.

Ndege ya Orion ili ndi khalidwe limodzi lopanganso. Mwa mfundo ya modules, mukhoza kumangirira chirichonse ku ngalawa. Kuchokera ku injini zowonjezera kupita kumagalimoto. Pawailesi, adatchedwanso "galimoto".

Mosiyana ndi Shuttle ya Space, yokonzedwa ngati chipinda chopanda malo, ndege ya Orion ili ndi tsatanetsatane monga dongosolo lamphamvu lotetezera ndi kuwombola azimayi pachiyambi. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo injini zamagetsi, zomwe zimanyamula anthu ogwira ntchito kuchokera kumalo othamanga ndikuonetsetsa kuti zimayenda moyenera.

Ntchito "Orion": chiyambi

Pulogalamu yotchedwa "Orion" inabadwa ku San Diego mu 1958 mu ubweya wa kampaniyo "General Atomics" (General Atomics). Makolo ake ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya atomiki, Frederick Hoffman, amene analemba ndi Theodore Taylor. Cholinga chawo chomwe amadziika okha ndi ndege yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta yomwe imatha kupanga liwiro pafupi ndi liwiro la kuwala. Maziko a polojekitiyi anali nyukiliya-pulse rocket ya mtundu wophulika. Iwo adapempha kuti atenge malo osokoneza bongo ndi chishango chachitsulo, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zingathandize kupeza mpweya wokwanira kufika 10,000 km / s. Milandu ya nyukiliya yokhala ndi kiloton imodzi mu polojekitiyi inatayidwa kunja kwa sitimayo ndipo inapita mamita 60 kuchokera ku chishango nthawi zonse.

Pulogalamuyo "Orion": njira yovuta

Mitundu yambiri ya ma pusher anapangidwa, ndipo kale mu 1959 mayesero oyambirira anachitika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chomera mpaka mamita 100 mamita. Magalimoto oyendetsa galimotoyo anatsimikizira kuti akhoza kuthawa bwinobwino. Chishango chinasinthika, ndipo adasankha kupopera mafuta a graphite pamwamba pake.

Pulogalamuyo inakonzedwa kwa zaka 12, ndi mtengo wa madola 24 biliyoni. NASA sanamuthandize pulojekitiyi ndi injini za nyukiliya, ndipo pulogalamuyo inatsekedwa. Ndipo pambuyo polemba mu 1964 za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse woletsa zida za nyukiliya mu denga, mlengalenga ndi padziko lapansi, ntchito ya Orion inaletsedwa.

Anabwerera kwa iye m'ma 2000s monga gawo la pulogalamu yopanga ndege zowonongeka "Sozvezdie". Kukonzekera ndi kumanga kunayikidwa ndi Lockheed Martin. Ndipo mu 2014 chombo cha Orion choyamba chinayambanso bwino. NASA idakhazikika mogwirizana ndi ziyembekezo zake.

Orion: ali ndi chiyembekezo cha m'tsogolo

Mu March 2017, bungwe la US Congress linagwirizanitsa bajeti ya NASA ya $ 19.1 biliyoni 2018 - pafupifupi 200 biliyoni kuposa chaka chatha.

Ndalama ya Congress imati anthu ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa Mars mu 2030.

Chabwino, chiyembekezo cha polojekitiyi "Orion" chilimbikitsanso ndikupeza mwayi wopezera ndalama. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa sitimayo kudzafika mu 2018, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo ntchito yokonzekera ntchitoyo ikukonzekera. Nthambi ikugwira ntchito yokonzekera ndi kukonza mapulogalamu atsopano.

Zojambula zamakono

NASA siimaima ndipo ikulingalira mapulani osiyanasiyana a interstellar ndege. Ngakhalenso zam'tsogolo kwambiri: ntchito ya nanocarboni, kudzipulumutsa panthawi iliyonse ya mlalang'amba kapena maulendo a laser.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, bungweli likuchita masemina pa kafukufuku m'magetsi, komwe akatswiri a sayansi ndi akatswiri akukonzekera ntchito ndi malingaliro onse. Pulogalamu ya machitidwe abwino amapempha mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito kuchuluka kwa filosofi mu bungwe la maulendo opita limodzi.

Pulojekiti yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito antimatter monga magwero a mphamvu kwa maulendo a intergalactic. Anthu akhala atalandira kale antimatter ndipo adapeza njira yosunga. Bwanji osawulukira ku nyenyezi?

Malingaliro abwino: mapaipi Krasnikov

"Injini yamapiko" kuchokera kuzinthu zochititsa chidwi "Star Trek" sizodabwitsa kwambiri. Chombo cha "Alcubierre" chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kuponderezera nthawi yowonjezerapo payekha ndikuchikulitsa kumbuyo, ndichokhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira mu 2012, zoterezi zikuchitidwa ndi asayansi ku yunivesite ya Sydney.

Lingaliro la "nthawi yake" Mikel Alcubierre yofalitsidwa mu 1994. Chaka chotsatira, katswiri wina wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wochokera ku Moscow, Sergei Krasnikov, anatsindika mfundo yokhudza chipangizo chomwe chingapangitse malo olowera mofulumira kuposa liwiro la kuwala.

Uku ndikuthamangitsidwa kwa malo pambali ya "wormhole", yomwe idapangidwa mwaluso. Malingana ndi lingaliro lake, astronaut adzabwerera panthawi imodzimodzi pamene iye anachoka. Izi zidzachitika chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka ndegeyo kupyolera mu miyeso yina ndi nthawi yopanda mpata.