Sophia Tolstaya: zithunzi ndi yonena

Ogwira mkazi anali Sofya Tolstoy, mkazi Lva Tolstogo. Wambiri ndi umafananirako kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya mwamuna wake waukulu. Mkazi anapereka anthu a dzikoli, ndipo mwachizolowezi moyo mzinda chifukwa cha kukhala naye. Atamwalira iye lolembedwa cholowa chake ndi Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya. Wambiri ya mkazi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani.

L. N. Tolstoy September 23, 1862 m'banja. Kamtsikana Dzina Sophia Andreyevna Tolstoy - Bers. Pa nthawi imeneyo, msungwanayo anali ndi zaka 18, ndipo Tolstoy - 34. angapo akhalira limodzi kwa nthawi yaitali - zaka 48. Anapatukana imfa ya Chiwerengero Tolstoy. Komabe, ukwati sitinganene kuti wopanda mitambo osangalala ndiponso yosavuta. Sofya Tolstoy Tolstoy anabala ana 13. Wakhala lofalitsidwa mu chopereka moyo wake wa ntchito za Tolstoy, komanso buku posthumous la makalata a Mlembi wamkulu. Leo ndi uthenga wotsiriza wopita kwa mkazi wake pambuyo mkangano, anavomereza kuti, ngakhale chirichonse, iye anamukonda mkaziyo, koma kukhala ndi sizingausunge. Kenako anapita ulendo wake womaliza kupita ku siteshoni. "Astapovo".

Anali mkazi wotchuka zoipa?

Monga mu moyo wa mwamuna wake, ndi pambuyo pa imfa Tolstoy a, Sofyu Andreevnu mlandu kuti iye anali sankamvetsa mwamuna wake, kugawana maganizo ake. Iye anali ankati kwambiri wamba ndi kutali maganizo Tolstoy a nzeru za anthu. Tolstoy yekha mlandu wake wa izo. Ndipotu, anali chifukwa chachikulu kusiyana kwawo, glooming osachepera zaka 20 zapitazi a m'banja. Komabe, sitinganene kuti mkazi zoipa. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mbiri Sofi Tolstoy. Iye anapereka moyo wake wamwamuna ndipo analeredwa wa ana, ndi yankho la mavuto a zachuma a wamba, ndi chisamaliro cha nyumba ndi kusunga cholowa kulenga ya mnzawoyo. Pakuti ichi iye anachita kuyiwala za moyo mkulu, ndi madiresi.

Ubwenzi Tolstoy ndi Bers banja

Werengerani Tolstoy ku misonkhano ndi mkazi wake, kale anatha kukhala pedagogical ndi asilikali ntchito. Komanso, anakhala wolemba wotchuka. Tolstoy ankadziwa bwino banja Behrs msonkhano usanayambe mu Caucasus zinachitika mu 1850s, ndi ulendo ku Ulaya. Sofia - mwana wachiwiri wa Andrew Bers, dokotala amene ankagwira ntchito ku Moscow ofesi nyumba ya mfumu, ndipo Lyubovi Bers, mkazi wake (namwali dzina - Islavina). Banja lonse munali ana atatu ndipo ana awiri. Bercy ankakhala Moscow, koma sikawirikawiri anapita Tula Islavinyh malo, yomwe ili m'mudzi wa Ivica komwe Yasnaya Polyana pafupi kwambiri. Lyubov kucheza ndi Maria, mlongo wake wa Leo Tolstoy. Ndipo Constantine, mchimwene wake anali bwenzi la Earl. Tolstoy koyamba Sophia ndi alongo ake anali ana. Iwo anali pamodzi mu Moscow ndi pa Yasnaya Polyana, kuyimba, akuimba limba, ndipo ngakhale kamodzi kuika nyimbo za zisudzo ntchito.

mapangidwe

Tsogolo mkazi wa Tolstoy, Sofya Bers (Pamavuto), maphunziro kwambiri kunyumba. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mayi ake anaika ana awo kukoma kwa mabuku. Kenako maphunziro anga ku yunivesite Moscow ndi digiri ku mphunzitsi kunyumba. Amadziwika kuti Sofya Bers analemba nkhani yochepa. Iye wapangidwa iwo ngakhale kuyambira ubwana wanga. Komanso, Sophia ankasunga tsikulo, anazindikira kuti monga chitsanzo chabwino cha mtundu wanyimbo a Maulendo.

Monga wotchuka Tolstoy chidwi

Tolstoy amene anabwerera ku Moscow, wapeza wamkulu wokongola mtsikana m'malo msungwana wamng'ono, amene anakumbukira Sofyu Bers. Banja kachiwiri anayamba ndi anabwera kutali Chrixitu. Bers anati chidwi Tolstoy ndi mwana wake, koma ankaona kuti Tolstoy ndi akamufunsirire wamkulu, Elizabeth. Amadziwika kuti pa nthawi ina sankakhulupirira yekha, koma August 1862, pambuyo tsiku lotsatira Lev Tolstoy yocheza ndi banja, iye anasankha chomaliza. Anapata izo zikumveka ndi kuphweka kwa chiweruzo, immediacy ake. Zidaphanyikiratu masiku angapo, ndiyeno Werengerani anabwerera Ivica. Apa Bers anakonza mpira. Sofia anavina pa kotero kuti Tolstoy anakana kukayikira lomaliza.

Kuwerenga tsikulo Tolstoy a

September 16 Leo Tolstoy napempha dzanja Sofi Bers, akutumiza kalata ku mtsikana poyamba, pofuna kugwirizana kwake. Tolstoy, kufuna kukhala oona mtima ndi mkazi wake, anapereka Sophie kuwerenga tsikulo ake. Zimbalangondo anaphunzira za zinawachitikira zapitazi Tolstoy za njuga, za mabuku ambiri, kuphatikizapo kulankhulana ndi Aksinya, m'mphawi mtsikana amene anadikira n'kulemba mwana. Ndinadabwa mkazi Tolstoy wamtsogolo, koma anabisa mmene iye monga iye akanathera. Komabe, Sophia adzasenza moyo wake kukumbukira mabvumbulutso.

Ukwati ndi zaka zoyambirira za ukwati

A sabata pambuyo ubwenziwu anali okwatira. Earl ankafuna kukwatira mkwatibwi wake posachedwapa. Chimaoneka Tolstoy, iye anapeza chimodzimodzi, amene akulakalaka kuyambira ali mwana. Leo, mayi ake anamwalira zambiri anamvera nkhani za iye. Iye ankafuna mkazi wakeyu anali achikondi, okhulupirika, ndi maganizo ofanana ndi ake wothandizira ndi mayi, losavuta komanso nthawi yomweyo amatha kuonanso mphatso ya mwamuna wake, ndi kukongola mabuku. Zinaoneka moti Sofya Bers - 18 wazaka mtsikana amene anakana zovala zokongola, madyerero chikhalidwe, moyo m'tawuni kuti kukhala pafupi ndi mwamuna wake, kakhala kudziko lake malo. Ankasamalira ya munda, kukwatira anazolowera pang'onopang'ono moyo kumidzi, wosiyana kwambiri ndi akalewo.

Banja dziko Tolstoy

The wotchuka walenga mtendere banja wapadera. Tolstoy anali miyambo yawo. Ankaona kwambiri pa maholide banja ankaona ku Christmas, Whitsun, Pasaka. zikondwerero zimenezi onse anali kuwakonda Yasnaya Polyana. Izi chisanadze okonzeka ndi nthawi mwakachetechete phwando. Banja ziweto kukhala St. Nicholas Church pa mapemphero. Ndi makilomita awiri kum'mwera kwa Manor lapansi. Chaka chilichonse pa Khirisimasi anaika Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, chokongoletsedwa ndi mtedza ake gilded, chosema zithunzi za nyama chidapangidwa kuchokera ku katoni ndi ena. Komanso pa Yasnaya Polyana ankachitika masquerade. Iwo anali nawo pa wotchuka, Tolstoy, ndi ana awo, komanso alendo, m'mphawi anyamata, pabwalo. Ankovsky nthuza ndi Turkey mosasintha kudyetsedwa kwa chakudya phwando.

Sophia keke Chinsinsi naye ku banja lake. Anapitirira Professor Anke Bercy, dokotala ndi bwenzi banja. M'chaka cha moyo Tolstoy anabwera kwa moyo. Anakonza akusamba mu mtsinje. Nyuzi, masewera a skittles, tennis, bowa kutola, masanje, zisudzo kunyumba, madzulo nyimbo. Nthawi zambiri adadya m'bwalo, pa tiyi pakhonde kumwa. Alendo ambiri zonse kubwera kwa Tolstoy, ndi onse a iwo panali malo usiku. The wotchuka anali ndi kudyetsa aliyense, ndi kulemekeza maganizo ake. Malinga A. Fet, wotchuka Chili makhalidwe awiri ofunika - ". Manja nzeru zachibadwa" "ndakatulo chilengedwe" ndi

Mu banja la Eliya L., mwana wa Sophia, anabadwa mwana wamkazi Anna mu 1888. Zinali mdzukulu woyamba Sofi Andreevny ndi Leo Nikolayevich. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndi banja lalikulu Tolstoy kuchuluka chaka chilichonse. Adzukulu inayamba mu Yasnaya kwambiri olandiridwa.

Mawonetseredwe woyamba wa chilengedwe

Mu 1863, Sophia Tolstaya Sergei mwana wake woyamba. Ndiye Tolstoy anayamba kulemba buku lake lalikulu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". mkazi wake, ngakhale zovuta chimaposa mimba, osati zikugwira ntchito zapakhomo, komanso kuti nthawi ndi mphamvu kuthandiza ntchito ya mwamuna wake - iye rewrote chilungamo drafts buku.

Atabadwa Serezhi Sofya Andreevna choyamba anasonyeza khalidwe lake. Sanathe yokha kulera mwana wake, kotero namwino chofunika patsogolo, ngakhale Tolstoy ankatsutsa. Iye ananena kuti mu nkhani iyi ana a mkazi adzatsala wopanda mkaka. Mu mpumulo wa Sofia Tolstaya anatsatira anakhazikitsa malamulo mkazi. Ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto a anthu wamba amene ankakhala m'midzi yapafupi, anali ankawachitira. Sophia Tolstaya ana onse anakwera ndi kuphunzitsa kunyumba. Wa khumi ndi zitatu anali atamwalira ku m'badwo oyambirira asanu ndi imfa ya aliyense wa iwo anasiya chizindikiro pa moyo wa mkazi uyu.

chakukhosi kumanga

Pafupifupi wopanda mitambo anadutsa zaka 20, koma zonena pang'onopang'ono anasonkhanitsa. Tolstoy, mu 1877 anamaliza "Anna Karenina." Anaganiza kusakhutira ndi moyo. Ndi kukwiya kwambiri ndi kudzasokoneza mkazi wake. Pambuyo Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya nsembe chilichonse, ndipo poyankha - kusakhutira ndi moyo, iye amathandiza kwambiri kovuta.

mawonekedwe UMUNTHU FUFUZANI Tolstoy ku mfundo imene banja lake anali kukhala tsopano. Werengerani analimbikitsa mwa zina kumoyo chabe, kusiya kusuta, kumwa mowa ndi nyama. Iye anali atavala zovala wamba, adadziyesera yekha nsapato ndi zovala za ana, mkazi wake wa iye mwini. Leo ngakhale ankafuna kupereka chuma mokomera a m'mudzimo. mkazi wake ndi vuto lalikulu kunyengerera iye kuchokera kuchita izi.

Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya sakanakhoza kuvomereza mfundo yakuti Leo anadandaula kwa anthu, ine sanawone kuti kutsogolo kwake. Iye anali wokonzeka alimi onse anapeza zaka. Zithunzi A akhadikhira mkazi wake kuti iye anapatulidwa kwathunthu osauka moyo wauzimu, mfundo zimene Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy, woyamba kwambiri kukangana ndi mkazi wake, anachoka kwawo. Atabwerera, iye sanali kukhulupirira kale Sofe Andreevne mipukutu wake. Udindo kulilembanso asilikali tsopano anaika pa ana aakazi ndi mkazi Lva Tolstogo, Tolstaya Sofya Andreevna, nsanje kwambiri a iwo.

History of Aleksandrom Taneevym

Imfa Vanya, mwana wawo womaliza, anabadwa mu 1888, otsimphina mkazi wa wolemba kwambiri. mnyamata uyu sanali moyo mpaka zaka 7. Poyamba, banjali pafupi pamodzi ndi chisoni wamba, koma posakhalitsa. Ndime ya phompho, kusamvetsetsana, mwano mwagwirizana anakankhira Sofyu Andreevnu amapezera mpumulo kumbali. Wandiweyani chidwi ndi nyimbo. Iwo wakhala pafupipafupi kuyenda kwa Moscow, kumene anatenga maphunziro ku Aleksandra Taneeva. Ngakhale Tolstoy kapena Taneyev sizinakhale chinsinsi chikondi cha Sophia kwa wotsiriza, koma mgwirizano pakati pa iwo anali wochezeka. Komabe, Tolstoy, zlivshiysya, mkazi nsanje sanathe kukhululuka "poluizmenu".

koopsya tasiya

chakukhosi mwagwirizana ndi kukayikirana zisakuyenda mwakula pafupifupi maniacal yonse. Wandiweyani anayamba kuwerenga zolemba za mwamuna wake, kuyesera kupeza mwa iwo chinachake choipa chokhudza izo. Leo ankawazazira iye chifukwa chokhala kwambiri zolakwika. Dzitetezeni panabuka mkangano pakati pa banja pa usiku wa 27 pa October 28, 1910 Earl anatola zinthu wake ndipo anasiya n'kusiya kutsanzikana kalata Sofe Andreevne. Iye ananenanso kuti amamukonda, koma iye sangakhoze kuchita mosiyana. Nditawerenga kuona umboni ndi panyumba, wotchuka anathamangira adzawonongedwa. Wandiweyani mozizwitsa kutulutsidwa dziwe.

Matenda ndi imfa ya Tolstoy

Patapita nthawi, ndinalandira zomwe Tolstoy, chimfine, afa pa siteshoni "Astapovo" chibayo. ana ake ndi Sofia Nikolaevna, kuti sanafune kuona anapita kunyumba kwake ku pamalo okwerera lapansi. Asanafe wolembayo anali msonkhano wotsiriza wa akazi a. Leo Nikolayevich anali November 7, 1910

Moyo Sofia Andreevna imfa ya mwamuna wake

Sofya Tolstoy, mkazi Lva Tolstogo, otha mwamuna wake wa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Wakhala lofalitsidwa zolemba wake. Care Tolstoy ndi imfa yake kwambiri zinamusokoneza. Iye sanaiwale kuti iye sanawone mwamuna wake m'maganizo asanafe.

Zaka zomalizira za wotchuka ankakhala Yasnaya Polyana, tidying cholowa mkazi. Wandiweyani m'tsogolo chimakwirira mabuku ndi nkhani mu zolengedwa, zipinda. Kuchipinda kwa mwamuna wake ndi udindo wake wotchuka anasiya zinthu za tsiku lomaliza la moyo wake, anakhala mu zipinda izi pa ulendo oyamba.

Anamwalira pa November 4, 1919 a chibayo, pamaso zaka 75. Suli kutali ndi malo, pa Kochakovskom manda anaikidwa Sofya Tolstoy. Photo manda a akazi ndi Tatiana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, mlongo wake, anapereka pamwamba.