Telesikopu kwa zakuthambo zofufuzafufuza: mmene kusankha? Ife tikuyang'ana pa thambo

Okonda kuyang'ana pa zinthu zakuthambo lero ali pafupifupi palibe zoletsa ku chiwonetsero cha chidwi chake. Zokwanira kugula tikiti kuti Observatory ndi kusangalala kuona nyenyezi. Komabe, wokonda odziwa, izo m'pofunika bungwe kuthekera ndemanga amenewa amagwira ntchito kunyumba. The kwambiri kuti anthu opanga zida zakuthambo zonse kuwonjezera ndi kusintha chitsanzo mzere, cholinga ntchito mwa akatswiri sanali. Chidwi ogula zokwanira akaonekere kwa gawo, yomwe imaimira telesikopu kwa zakuthambo ankachita masewera. Kodi kusankha unit bwino - ndi funso lotsatira ndi m'malo ovuta. Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli tiyenera chimatanthauza muyezo kusankha, mitundu wa telesikopu ndi kuona zitsanzo bwino kwambiri.

Kiyi i Kusankha

Mu sitepe yoyamba kudziwa kukula ndi zofunika zinchito zakutali. zitsanzo zoweta zambiri ndi kabowo (m'mimba mwake) wa mamilimita 60 200. Ponena za utali, ndi pakati pa aja 300 1000 mm. Kuti makinawa wanu sakanatha kulemba ndi conveniently n'kukhala mtundu digito, izo sizidzakhala superfluous kupereka ndi luso synchronize chipangizo ndi kompyuta. Choncho, chitsanzo ayenera njira zamakono kwa kudzaza ndi zithunzi. zipangizo amenewa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma luso lawo kulungamitsa mtengo. Ndi zida zimenezi Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kuchita deta zowerengera potumiza zipangizo Nawonso achichepere wapadera.

Tsopano ofunika tione makhalidwe amene ali telesikopu kwa zakuthambo ankachita masewera. Kodi kusankha njira yabwino? Yankho la funso limeneli N'zosatheka kutenga mwayi chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka zida.

Zimafunika mphamvu kuonjezera

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezeka aliyense zipangizo kuwala anatsimikiza ndi kabowo ndi luso kupereka chithunzi bwino. Ziri kulankhula, malire pa kuwonjezeka telesikopu kumeneko - zokwanira kuikamo ndi eyepiece kutero. Koma pali malire kupitirira amene zinthu ananena kukhala osiyana. Ndiko kuti, pa ranges zina amayamba kuvutika mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuwala. Choncho, ntchito yaikulu ya novice zakuthambo - kuphunzira kuzindikira mulingo woyenera magnification zakutali ku lachitsanzo makamaka. Chifukwa chaichi, losavuta chilinganizo: Mandala awiri mu millimeters kuchulukitsa ndi 2. Choncho, mkulu khalidwe zida ndi 100 mamilimita awiri adzapereka kuwonjezeka 200 khola. Mukula kusunga mitambo ya Jupiter, kapena mphete Saturn a. Nzowona kuti zambiri za ubwino kuchokera kugwiritsa ntchito ponso zimadalira nyengo, koma kuti ndi funso lina.

Sankhani ndi kopita

Pali mitundu ingapo ya telesikopu, sipangakhalenso wachinsinsi pamaziko a kopita. Amene akonza makamaka kusunga mapulaneti, m'pofunika kukhala ndi khalidwe chitsanzo-refractors mu diameters kuyambira 120 mamilimita 150 mm. Mbali A zipangizo ngati ndi kupanda mosamala chapakati, yomwe imapereka yowala zosiyana ndi "chithunzi." Ngati mukufuna penyani matupi lakutali dziko, kapena ngakhale nyenyezi kukomoka, tiyenera kusankha telesikopu zikuluzikulu zakuthambo ankachita masewera. Kodi kusankha njira yoyenera mu nkhani iyi? Poyamba, ilo liyenera kukhala imaonetsa pa kunyanja phiri. Lachiwiri, m'mimba ake ayenera anasankha malire a 200-250 mm.

Pali mafani ambiri amene akuona kudzera makinawa kwa zinthu zakuthambo ndi zochitika. Chifukwa cha mavutowa, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yochepa kuponya chitsanzo-refractors pa azimuthal phiri, zida ndi kuzimata prism. Ngati chofunika chipangizo ndi kuthekera kuukira sizikhala za pakhomo, ndi bwino amakonda transportable chitsanzo anayamba pa maziko a Maksutov-Cassegrain. Izi otchedwa "kuguba" tizipangizo kupereka chithunzi chabwino, choncho n'zosavuta ndi yaying'ono.

Zitsanzo ana: zimene tikambirane?

Mu mzere wa wopanga iliyonse yaikulu zida zakuthambo kutero zakutali Ana Mabaibulo angapo. Zosintha makamaka zabwino alembedwera Bresser Junior zino. Kawirikawiri izi refractors-achromats amene awiri ranges ku 80 90 mm. Nkofunika kuti chipangizo anaikidwa pa azimuthal ndi phiri la mayiko wosuta wamng'ono. Komanso, kupulumutsa mwana mpheto zosafunika zida ayenera kutsatira kuti zitsanzo ndi dongosolo mandala. Iwo alibe udzafunidwa ntchito yokonza, koma kusiyana ndi kudalirika ndi durability.

zakuthambo wamng'ono kwambiri zaka 8 zipangizo analimbikitsa ndi magalasi a 60-80 mm. awiri wotero zimathandiza kuti adziwane bwino ndi nyenyezi mu mau, kuti osachepera adzakhala kukulitsa chidwi mwana mu maphunziro zina. Padzakhala zosaposa yothandiza ana a zakutali kumwamba mapu ndi mabuku maphunziro, msinkhu. mfundo zothandiza ya zakuthambo, pamodzi ndi maganizo adzapatsa zotsatira zabwino mu chitukuko cha zosangalatsa.

Phiri kwa zakutali ndi

Kangapo otchulidwa chipangizo ichi. Imakuthandiza logwirana chipangizo ndi luso la kasamalidwe ake. Pali options ambiri iyambitsa, koma telesikopu zofufuzafufuza tiyenera kuganizira mitundu itatu - yamphamvu ndi azimuthal Dobson dongosolo. Njira poyamba njira yabwino ngati mukufuna penyani matupi wochenjera, ndi kuchita astrofotograficheskie ntchito. Tiyenera kuganiziranso thandizo, masamu pa telesikopu transportable kwa zakuthambo ankachita masewera. Kodi kusankha phiri kwa chipangizo chotero? Njira adzakhala dongosolo azimuthal, chomwenso ndi ntchito ana telesikopu. Mwa ubwino wake monga chomasuka akuchitira ndi miyeso yaing'ono. Zipangizo anamanga m'dongosolo Dobson amasiyana kumanga yosavuta amafuna yokonza kochepa. Pakuti woyambitsa zakuthambo ndi njira yabwino.

Orion telesikopu mtundu

The kampani American Orion amapereka osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo mabuku zida zofufuzafufuza zakuthambo, kotero telesikopu review ayenera kuyamba ndi mankhwala. Makamaka banja allocated refractors GoScope ndi Observer. Kabowo zipangizo amenewa ndi 80-120 mm. Komanso zipangizo m'zinenero anapanga dongosolo Maksutov-Cassegrain. Pankhaniyi, kukula mu osiyanasiyana 90-150 mm. Pakuti wozindikira connoisseurs masewera wopanga umabala achifumu chitsanzo. chipangizo chonchi, anapanga zamkuwa, ndiwo wa mtengo zokongoletsa. Mbali A zitsanzo za Orion ndi kupereka zipangizo zatsopano computer, monga machitidwe chiongoko ndi amalandira GPS.

Chitsanzo kuchokera Celestron

kampani ina American - Celestron - zochokera kuphatikizapo mafani ndi omvera. Ena zitsanzo zikugwirizana ndi kabowo-refractors ku mamilimita 40 150. Mu gawo pakati ankaimira Dobson mayunitsi - mndandanda Starhopper, kumene mungapeze telesikopu lalikulu ndi awiri a mamilimita 300. Mfundo kwambiri zipangizo zambiri zamakono zachokera Schmidt-Cassegrain. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za zosintha ndi kabowo wa 127-356 mm. Ndi mu kalasi, Mlengi amagulitsa ake atsopano chitukuko kompyuta. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri pa mndandanda amapereka dongosolo kutsatira basi.

Telesikopu ku Meade

Wopanga Meade amafuna zimagwirizizirana telesikopu awo ubwino ergonomic ndi zovuta dongosolo galasi-mandala, kabowo wa imene imafikira 114 mm. Chifukwa dongosolo chosavuta homing, wosuta mwa zipangizozi mosavuta kulenga timva ndi posamutsa iwo mu Nawonso achichepere kompyuta. Kabowo pazipita Meade zitsanzo ndi 406 mm, makinawa mandala ndi magawo amenewa ndi abwino kwa akatswiri ndi ankachita masewera. Ena makina Komanso anapereka mayunitsi kukumbukira ndi masensa nthawi kaja. Mwa njira, mu koyamba chuma kalasi wopanga zipangizo achromatic refractor, lowonjezera ndi yamphamvu phiri ndipo homing dongosolo. kampaniyo lilinso ndi kasakanizidwe phiri, Chili ubwino yosiyanasiyana.

Pomaliza

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti telesikopu msika bwino kwambiri zimene ananena novice ankachita masewera a nyenyezi. Kuyambira aliyense amene akufuna yekha chofunika kudziwa makhalidwe ndi ntchito kupeza zakutali wabwino sadzapezekapo. Mulingo woyenera chimake omwewo angakhale makina-imaonetsa Dobsonians kabowo pa 100-120 mm. Kumbali ya kudalirika kwa pafupifupi zitsanzo onse opanga ali anasonyeza mkulu mlingo wa kukhumudwa ndi eni alibe chifukwa. Sitiyenera kunyalanyaza atsopano makompyuta, zomwe zili ndi makina. Ngakhale zovuta akuoneka zipangizo zamakono, iwo akuthamangira akupangidwa ndipo kwambiri kuwonjezera magwiridwe ake mu ndondomeko ya ntchito makina.