Zakudya. Phindu kwa anthu.

zinthu zonse mu dziko lapansi akuchita m'zinthu, ndipo amatchedwa m'zinthu biogeochemical. Kuonetsetsa zambiri awiri m'zinthu mu vuto la zakudya - Geological (kapena yaikulu) ndi yaing'ono (mwinamwake otchedwa akadali biotic), amene amayamba ndi makope zonse mwa mankhwala pakati tizilombo nthaka, nyama ndi zomera.

mkombero Big yaitali, masauzande kapena mamiliyoni zaka. Miyala pa nthawi kuphwanyaphwanya ndi kuchepetsa. Kenako, anagwetsa utuluke madzi, iwo waikamo pansi pa nyanja. Ena mwa iwo ndi m'dambo ndi zamoyo ku nyanja ya munthu ku dziko. Komanso, kusintha geotectonic mu matanthwe a (monga kukweza kapena kutsitsa nyanja m'maiko) amadziwikanso zobwezerezedwanso chuma pa dziko. Pambuyo dongosolo la zinthu biogenic mobwerezabwereza.

Biotic aziyenda kapena mkombero wa zinthu biogenic - ndi mlingo wa chirengedwe. Madzi, mpweya, zakudya za nthaka ndi kukhala wochitachita mu njira moyo nkhaniyi organic kumanga zomera ndi nyama. Zamoyo izi akuphedwa, malonda awo zinyalala ntchito zamoyo chosavuta - decomposers kapena kuchepetsa wothandizila ali decomposed mu mankhwala zochita kupanga ndi zinthu. Ndipo kachiwiri, zonse akubwereza: zakudya ntchito ndi zomera monga chakudya - choncho pali mkombero amuzolengedwa lotchedwa vuto la zinthu biogenic.

Biogenic zinthu - ndi ya zinthu mankhwala amene amapanga zinthu zamoyo ndi zofunika moyo ndi mankhwala njira zawo. Tikumbukenso kuti zili mu biosphere kanthu moyo kuchita masamu 100 Bln. Tonnes. Kusintha komwe kumachitika mu zigawo chapamwamba kutumphuka lapansi, zimakhudza zamoyo, kotero mipweya awo anatsimikiza ndi chilengedwe.

Kapangidwe ka zakudya.

Mu chamoyo moyo amapezeka mwapadera onse zakudya zopezeka mu madzi nyanja ndi matanthwe a pansi padziko. Review ndi biogenic mpweya m'mlengalenga.

Mu zamoyo, mpweya n'chofunikira kwambiri, komanso wa hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, mpweya, sodium, ndi chitsulo. Mwa zinthu ndi 70% mpweya, 18% mpweya, 10% wa hydrogen. Pa phosphorous, calcium, potaziyamu, sulfure, asafe ndi mpweya mphamvu zochepa kusamuka kuposa zinthu otsala zili zamoyo.

momwe iwo kubwera mu thupi moyo zosiyanasiyana. Koma kapangidwe ka zakudya ndi kuti pali "biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu" (chiphunzitso cha biogeochemical) unyolo: nthaka ndi madzi, ndiyeno chakudya ndi anthu - nawo lonse la zinthu mwa njira imeneyi. Kuchokera sing'anga kunja, iwo kudutsa ndi chamoyo moyo Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono ndi kupereka ndende kofunika maselo kwachilengedwenso kuyenda njira yachibadwa moyo.

Biologically kwambiri kapena zakudya anawagawa macrocells ndi microcells. Nkhani za choyamba ku zamoyo ndi pa 0.01%, pamene lachiwiri - zosakwana 0,001%.

Macronutrients kupanga nyama ya zamoyo akuchokera kunja kwa thupi; mlingo mowa awo - pa 200 mg. Mu thupi, zambiri macronutrients kudyetsedwa chakudya. Mme- zinthu, ngakhale chiwerengero chawo ndi wochepa kwambiri, timafunika zamoyo, monga PALI njira amuzolengedwa.

Umoyo wabwino, muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi zonse chilengedwe mkati mwa thupi la zili Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zinthu mankhwala pa mlingo thupi. Kuti moyo umenewu ayenera kukhala wathanzi, ndi chakudya - kwambiri zosiyanasiyana komanso zopatsa thanzi.