The chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu - zoipa ndi ubwino

Mawu akuti kupatsidwa ulemu kumatanthauza mu panopa magetsi mu dera chatsekedwa magetsi pamene anaikidwa kusintha maginito kamwazi. Tsegulani mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu kokha zaka mazana awiri zapitazo ndi Michael Faraday. Chabwino usanakhale kupanga Andre Ampere, amene anachita zinthu zatsopano ofanana. Iwo anaikapo mu ndodo koyilo zitsulo ndiyeno, izo ndi tsoka, anapita ku chipinda china kuyang'ana pa galvanometer - ndipo mwadzidzidzi amayambitsa. singano A bwino kuchita ntchito yake - akhala anakana, koma mpaka Ampere anayendayenda mwa zipinda - kumbuyo kwa ziro. Umu ndi mmene chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda anachititsa kudikira zaka khumi mpaka unit koyilo ndi katswiriyu nthawi yomweyo adzakhala malo oyenera.

Mfundo yaikulu ya kuyesera anali kuti kupatsidwa ulemu EMF kumachitika kokha pamene maginito kudutsa kusintha chatsekedwa kuzungulira. Koma mungathe kusintha ngati mukufuna - kapena kusintha mtengo wa m'munda maginito, kapena kungoti kusuntha gwero la munda wachibale yemweyo chatsekedwa kuzungulira. Emf lomwe likutuluka apa, yotchedwa "EMF mangawawo." Koma chimenechi chinali chiyambi cha kufufuza mu munda wa kupatsidwa ulemu. Ngakhale zodabwitsa zambiri anali chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu, amene linatsegulidwa ndi Dzhozef Genri pa nthawi yomweyo. Mu zatsopano wake, chinapezeka kuti maginito ya koyilo si yekha kupangira panopa mu koyilo wina, komanso pamene ziliri pa koyilo ndi induces mmenemo EMF zina. Apa icho chiri basi otchedwa kudziletsa anachititsa EMF. The chododometsa magetsi chidwi kwambiri ndi malangizo a pano. Kunapezeka kuti kwa kudzimvera anachititsa EMF panopa ake ukuperekedwa ake "kholo" - panopa chifukwa EMF chachikulu.

Ndipo inu mukhoza kusunga chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu? Pamene mawu ukupita, palibe mosavuta. Kudzisonkhanitsa awiri madera: choyamba - zonse m'gulu inductor ndi nyali, ndipo chachiwiri - yekha babu. Lumikizani iwo batire kudzera n'kuyamba chachikulu. Pamene chinathandiza, mukhoza kuona kuti babu kuwala mu dera ndi koyilo limafulatira "monyinyirika" ndipo kuwala chachiwiri, mofulumira "padziko kuwuka" kumabweza pa nthawi yomweyo. Chikuchitika ndichiyani? M'madera onse pambuyo pano umayamba kuyenda, ndipo umasiyana ziro kwa pazipita zake, ndipo pamene nthawi ya kusintha panopa akudikira kwa koyilo kuti amapanga kudziona kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu. Pali EMF ndi chatsekedwa dera - zikutanthauza kuti pali ndipo panopa ake, koma watsogolerera izo zosiyana waukulu dera panopa, kenako umalandira mtengo pazipita anatsimikiza ndi magawo dera, ndi kusiya kukula, ndipo ngati palibe kusintha apano - palibe kudzikonda anachititsa EMF. Ndi yosavuta. A amachitanso chimodzimodzi, koma ndi "zosiyaniratu" anati pamene inu zimitsani pano. N'zoona za "chizolowezicho" kutsutsa kusintha panopa, kudzikonda anachititsa EMF amakhala madziwo mu dera pambuyo mphamvu ikanazimitsidwa.

Pomwepo panali funso - kodi chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu? Iwo wapezeka kuti kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu amakhudza mlingo wa kusintha ziliri pa kondakitala ndipo akhoza kulembedwa:

E = L • Di / Deuteronomo

Izi zikusonyeza kuti kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu E mwachindunji njila kwa mlingo wa kusintha Di / Deuteronomo ndipo panopa njila koyefishienti L, anatchula inductance. Chopereka chake kuphunzira funso, kodi chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu, Dzhordzh Genri anadalitsidwa chifukwa chakuti dzina lake ndi gulu la muyeso wa inductance - Henry (H). Kuti inductance panopa otaya dera Mzimuyo chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu. Zodabwitsa kuti inductance - ndi mtundu wa "yosungirako" mphamvu ya maginito. Pankhani ya kukula ziliri pa dera la mphamvu magetsi ali n'kukhala maginito panopa retards kukula, ndipo pamene panopa koyilo ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndi n'kukhala mphamvu magetsi ndi kupitiriza kusamala pano mu dera la.

Mwina, aliyense anali kuona mphamvu pamene inu zimitsani pulagi ku zitsulo khoma - ichi ndi yofala kwambiri chiwonetsero cha kudzikonda anachititsa EMF mu moyo weniweniwo. Koma tsiku lililonse akutsegula munthu pazipita panopa 10-20 A ndi kutsegula nthawi za 20 msec. Pamene inductance pafupifupi 1 GN kudziletsa anachititsa EMF Pankhaniyi adzakhala wofanana 500 W. Apa zikusonyeza kuti funso, kodi chodabwitsa kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu si choncho zovuta. Ndipo kwenikweni, kudzikonda anachititsa EMF chachikulu luso vuto. Mfundo yofunika kuti pamene dera otseguka pamene kulankhula ndi sichikupezeka, kuthandiza kudziletsa inductance otaya panopa, imbaenda ku moto wa kulankhula, chifukwa mu njira ya kusintha dera ndi mafunde mu mazana ndi zikwi amperes. Apa tikukamba za nthawi zambiri kudziletsa anachititsa EMF mu makumi a zikwi volts, ndipo zimenezi zimafuna njira zina luso nkhani zokhudzana ndi kukakhala m'madera magetsi.

Koma si zonse zoipa. Zimachitika kuti EMF zoipa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mu kuyaka mkati machitidwe injini poyatsira. Chotero dongosolo imakhala ndi inductor mu mawonekedwe a autotransformer ndi wowaza. Iwo anadutsa chachikulu kumulowetsa panopa, amene akutembenukira kutali ndi wowaza. Chifukwa, ndi dera lotseguka akupezeka kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu EMF mazana volts (batire amatipatsa 12b). Ndiye voteji ndi zina losandulizika, ndipo ali zimachitika kuposa 10 kV kwa mphanvu poyatsira.