"The Kreutzer Sonata" ndi Lva Tolstogo. Chidule, kusanthula ndi mayankho pa nkhani ya

"The Kreutzer Sonata" - ntchito kwambiri Lva Tolstogo, lofalitsidwa mu 1891. Chifukwa wokhutira zotenga izo yomweyo pansi kufufuza kwambiri. Mu nkhani ya kuuka kwa ukwati, nkhani za m'banja, ubwenzi kwa mkazi. mitu yonse yoyaka wolemba ali nalo lingaliro lake loyambirira, anadabwa owerenga nadabwa. The zili ntchito imeneyi ndi nkhani m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Buku "Kreutzer Sonata" linalembedwa pa nthawi ya Tolstoy kudwala maganizo ndi kulenga mavuto. Mlembi ananena kuti moyo wake kunali kukonzanso kwa "ntchito, wotchedwa luso." Onse pa ntchito - dongosolo ndakatulo kalembedwe, kapangidwe ka ngwazi zolembalemba - kakusintha kusintha yaikulu poyerekeza ndi ntchito kale a Leo Tolstoy. The lingaliro lalikulu la "Kreutzer Sonata," Tolstoy mu "Afterword," wotchedwa kalata mkazi wina dzina lake Slavyanka ndipo zafotokozedwa kulankhula maganizo ake pa za kupondereza akazi umafuna chikhalidwe kugonana. Akatswiri zinamangidwa zilandiridwenso tingachipeze powerenga akhakula kulemba mabuku October 1887. The mankhwala a wolemba mobwerezabwereza anasintha. Baibulo yomaliza kuwerenga Tolstoy mu November 1989 cha osankhika omvera mu nyumba Kuzminskaya.

kufufuza

Mu 1889, Tolstoy anatumiza novella "The Kreutzer Sonata" pa St. Petersburg yofalitsa "mkhalapakati", kumene ankakayikira kuti mankhwala tidzakusowa ndi m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu a. yosindikiza antchito anayesetsa kuti kulilembanso ntchito yake ndi kugawira Mabaibulo onse pa St. Petersburg. Ndinali bombshell a. Komabe, pamaso buku nduna kunali kutali kwambiri. Malinga ndi mkulu kasamalidwe ndodo ya Press anali wopezeka: Nkhani sudzakhalanso lofalitsidwa mu Russia, ndi buku ayenera yomweyo anawonongedwa. Chakhumi ndi chitatu buku anasonkhana ntchito za Tolstoy anakana kusindikiza pa zifukwa zomwezo - "The Kreutzer Sonata" anali m'gulu izo. Only chilolezo patokha Alexander III, amene anapanga mkazi wa Tolstoy, Sofya Andreyevna, analola kusindikiza buku zankhanza mu 1891. Kodi ndi ankhanza anali mankhwala a kufufuza? Yankho la funso limeneli lili mu kufotokoza nkhaniyo.

chidule

"The Kreutzer Sonata" akufotokoza nkhani za tsoka khalidwe waukulu, Basil Pozdnysheva, amene anakhala akhakula, wodzala ndi Zopatsa kusangalala pa unyamata, anaganiza kukhazikitsa pansi ndipo anayamba banja mu zaka makumi atatu. Iye m'banja chikondi, ankafuna kutsatira "monogamy" ndi moyipa onyada zolinga zake zabwino. Komabe, ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi agwedezeka kuti ukwati wawo. Pozdnyshev ndinamverera ukali wa mkazi wamng'ono, ndipo anayerekezera kwa "wosangalala zimamvekera", omwe ankati "chatsanulidwa" chikondi chapamwamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ngwazi anazindikira kuti banja lake adzakhala naye zomverera kupeza. Chirichonse chinali "chonyansa, manyazi ndi wotopetsa." Kubadwa ndipo analeredwa wa ana anatumikira monga mwayi wina kuti mikangano komanso nkhanza. Kwa zaka eyiti, mabanja anali ndi ana asanu, kenako mkazi wake anakana kubereka, anabweretsa yekha ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana pozungulira pofunafuna zokumana latsopano. Iye anachita chidwi ndi wokongola woyimba zeze iye "Kreutzer Sonata" ntchito olowa. Pozdnyshev anadwala nsanje ndi kamodzi anapeza mkazi wake ndi mdani, kumupha iye Damasiko tsamba.

Kugwirizana kwa mkaziyo

chiwembu ntchito ya zoopsa, koma zovomerezeka ndithu. kotero anakwiya ndi kudabwa anthu "Kreutzer Sonata" ndi Tolstoy ndi chiyani? Choyamba maweruzo onse, omwe akufotokoza protagonist. Omwe wosadziletsa khalidwe unyamata wake kumupanga iye ananyansidwa. Koma mlandu makamaka akazi. Izi kavalidwe okopa amavala, iwo amakhala "zinthu chilakolako." Iye limanenela amayi pofuna yopindulitsa kupereka awo aakazi ukwati ndi kuti kubvala zovala zawo okopa. Iye ananena kuti akazi zimadziŵa mphamvu zawo pa amuna ndi mwachangu ntchito, podziwa kuti zofuna za thupi akanagonjetsa ena onse kwambiri anamukweza wa zolinga kugonana wamphamvu. Ndipo onse mudaweruza nkhawa osati kokha kwa personages wagwa, amene ntchito si kubisala, kuti oimira magulu olemera. Ndipotu, amasonkhanitsa uhule khalidwe madona cha anthu mkulu ndipo ananena kuti akazi nthawizonse adzakhala manyazi, mpaka iwo kuphunzira kukhala odzichepetsa ndi zoyera.

Mtima ukwati

Buku "Kreutzer Sonata", kusanthula amene ali m'nkhani ino, ndi mwakhama kulimbikitsa kudziletsa kugonana. Ndipo osati ukwati. Tolstoy amatanthauza mawu kwa Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu: "Yense wakuyang'ana mkazi mpaka kufika pofuna kugona kale chigololo ndi iye mu mtima wake" - ndipo amaona mizere osati kunja kwa dona aliyense, koma ngakhale kwa mkazi wake. Iye asamalira zobwera zosangalatsa achithupithupi ndipo onyansa. Iye amaona ubwenzi wake ndi mkazi wake sakuyenda chifukwa achibadwidwe nyama imene sikuloledwa zambiri anasonyeza pa iye. Iye akukhulupirira kuti umunthu ndi malo achilengedwe mtsikana kutsutsa mawonetseredwe onse a chikondi thupi. Ngati munthu amanyamula zolinga zapamwamba chifukwa cha chikondi cha Mulungu, ndiye akugonana chithupithupi - wodzilamulira chikondi, zomwe zimabweretsa wochimwa ku gehena. Ndipo yonyansa amakwiya upandu kwambiri pamene nkhani ya Pozdnysheva - kupha.

Mtima kwa ana

Ambiri osokoneza chiweruzo lili "Kreutzer Sonata". Tolstoy (lalifupi nkhani zili zili m'nkhani ino) wosasiya mwala unturned nzeru ochiritsira za chikondi chopanda malire kwa ana awo. Maonekedwe a abale asanu mu Pozdnysheva banja osati sanali bwino ndi banja la protagonist, koma potsiriza iwo kusokoneza. Amangokhulupirira ndi philoprogenitive mkazi zonse nkhawa ana, zomwe potsiriza poizoni moyo Pozdnysheva. Pamene wina wa ana anadwala, kuli Basil anaweruzidwa gehena langwiro kwambiri. Komanso, banjali aphunzira "nkhondo" ndi mzake ... ana. Aliyense anali Pet wake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, anyamata atakula anaphunzira mbali ya makolo, kuti umangopitirira mafuta pa moto. Komabe, Tolstoy m'kamwa mwa ngwazi wake ananenetsa kuti kubala Adam'teteza ku chilango cha nsanje zonse, chifukwa mkazi uja chinkhoswe okha zochitika banja ndipo analibe chikhumbo kudziyalutsa. Chinthu choyipa anayamba pamene madokotala ankamuphunzitsa popewa mimba.

Khalidwe lokonda luso

Sichangozi buku kwambiri mochititsa manyazi a Leo Tolstoy chikudziwika ngati "The Kreutzer Sonata". Tolstoy, chidule cha ntchito ya ano retell, nalo lingaliro wapachiyambi za luso. Ankaona choipa china Kumalimbikitsa anthu a makhalidwe basest. mkazi Pozdnysheva watha kubereka, yokongola kwambiri ndipo anayambiranso nawo akuimba limba. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha mapeto. Choyamba, malinga ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu, ambiri a chigololo anachita pa dziko wolemekezeka pansi napemphera monyenga zaluso, makamaka nyimbo. Kachiwiri, nyimbo limapanga "akutivutitsa kuganiza" pa omvetsera, n'zomveka kuti anali ankalemba woyambitsa wa ntchito, kuti kuphatikiza ndi zomwe munthu si achilendo, kumupanga iye amakhulupirira mwayi kukankhira, titero, ndi M'maso nzeru zawo . Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Kuti mkazi wake amaona Pozdnysheva pa ntchito mphindi "The Kreutzer Sonata", chomwe latsopano chilakolako kudabwera mu moyo wake foniyo? The mbali yaikulu sachedwa mlandu kwa akwatibwi komaliza kugwa akuononga mphamvu ya nyimbo zogwirizana ndi kumalo ndi nthawi kuphedwa, ndipo sadzadzukanso anthu, achibadwidwe nyama.

maganizo a m'nthawi

"Kreutzer Sonata," Tolstoy unali mutu wa mtsutso oopsa, osati Russia komanso kunja. Chekhov chidwi kufunika kwa kapangidwe ndi kukongola kwa nkhani ntchito, koma kenaka anayamba ngati lopusa opusa. Komanso, iye anati ambiri a chiweruzo mu mankhwala poyera wolemba wake monga munthu "mbuli, musavutike ... kuwerenga mabuku awiri kapena atatu olembedwa ndi akatswiri." Mpingo anawadzudzula zili maganizo pa nkhaniyo. Naye anali wofunitsitsa ofufuza ambiri yakale. Iwo vied ndi mzake mbali touted luso la mabuku ndiponso mwaukali kudzudzulidwa tanthauzo lake. A. Razumovsky, I. Romanov ankanena kuti Leo "mu misala" molakwika mfundo bwino m'banja ndi "analankhula zamkhutu." Iwo anagwirizana ndi achilendo mabuku otsutsa. American Isabel Helgud, anamasulira Tolstoy, anali maganizo kuti zili nkhani zonyansa ngakhale mfundo za ufulu wa kulankhula Russia ndi Europe. Leo Tolstoy anakakamizika kufalitsa "Afterword", limene chinenero yosavuta kumva akufotokoza mfundo zofunika za ntchito yake.

nkhani mating

Ambiri ndemanga zoipa ndinamva za nkhani yake Leo Tolstoy. "The Kreutzer Sonata" amakakamizidwa owerenga kuganizira malamulo ambiri amavomereza, anapanga funso bwino pakati pa amuna ndi akazi zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kukambirana. Maganizo a mkazi ndi wolemba, Sofi Andreevny. Kufananitsa ndi kufanana ndi mabanja Leo Tolstoy pambuyo buku la buku anali mosalephera. Mkazi wa Tolstoy, ngakhale mosamala anakopera "Kreutzer Sonata" ndi mwachangu anafuna kufalitsidwa ananyamula chakukhosi mwamuna wotchuka. Monga mkazi ndi talente modabwitsa walemba ayankhe ntchito "Amene vuto" omwe adalowa polemics ndi Lvom Nikolaevichem. Nkhani inafalitsidwa yekha mu 1994, koma filimuyo zoipa otsutsa. Komabe, mu wotchuka ake ponena ake kuti khalidwe la anthu ndipo atamupereka mtima wawo woona kwa amai. "The Kreutzer Sonata", ndemanga ya lomwe limapezeka ngakhale atamwalira, anasiya chizindikiro kwambiri mabanja Tolstoy, muyaya mutu ubale wake ndi mkazi wake.

pomaliza

Anasonkhana ntchito Lva Tolstogo "The Kreutzer Sonata" amanyadira malo. More momasuka mabuku onse a nthawi imeneyo sindinadziwe. Lamulo la kufufuza boma wakonza ngakhale anthu ambiri. Malinga ndi zosiyana, pambuyo kuoneka mankhwala m'malo mwa udindo wa funso "muli bwanji?" Onse kufunsana za "Kreutzer Sonata". Ambiri a malingaliro anasonyeza ntchito, ndipo tsopano amaoneka kuti maganizo, ndi zina zoseketsa. Komabe, kufotokoza maganizo molondola banja, kenako kupeza apamtima zoipa, ndipo lero amakhalabe zofunika ndipo amafuna mosamala.