The T-80U ndi injini mafuta chopangira mphamvu: ndi specifications mafuta

Izo zinachitika kuti lonse la MBT (waukulu nkhondo akasinja) a dziko ndi injini dizilo. Pali yekha kuchotserapo ziwiri: T-80U ndi "Abrams". Kodi tiganizira motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri Soviet kupanga wotchuka "vosmidesyatki", nanga chiyembekezo cha makina tsopano?

Mmene onse anayamba?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba zoweta T-80U linatulutsidwa mu 1976, ndipo mu 1980 wake "Abrams" anapanga America. Mpaka pano yokha Russia ndi United States Zida ndi akasinja a mpweya chopangira mphamvu magetsi. Ukraine Kodi kuganizira, chifukwa pali yekha okhala ndi T-80UD, Baibulo dizilo wa wotchuka "vosmidesyatok".

Zonse zinayamba mu 1932 pamene Maofesi ndiwe wa Kirov fakitale unapangidwa bungwe mu USSR. Iwo anali mu matumbo ake anabadwa lingaliro kulenga thanki wachibadidwe yatsopano okonzeka ndi mpweya chopangira mphamvu magetsi. Ilo lachokera chisankho ankadalira wotani mafuta m'galimoto T-80U zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'tsogolo: a dizilo ochiritsira kapena a nyale.

Mlengi wotchuka Zh. Ya. Kotin, amene ankagwira ntchito pa Kamangidwe yoopsa ISov, pa nthawi ina ndinaganiza za kupanga wamphamvu ndi bwino magalimoto onyamula zida. Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani anaganiza kwambiri kwa injini mafuta chopangira mphamvu? chakuti ankafuna kuti akonze thanki masekeli mu osiyanasiyana matani 55-60 kwa sayenda wabwinobwino wa kuti chofunika galimoto mphamvu osachepera 1,000 malita. a. Mu zaka za injini ngati dizilo akanangokhoza ndimalota. N'chifukwa chake, ndipo anali lingaliro la infusing ndege ndi shipbuilding umisiri (ie SDT) mu thanki.

Kale mu 1955, ntchito inayambika awiri zitsanzo zingamuthandize zinalengedwa. Koma zinadziwika kuti akatswiri a mbewu Kirov, pamaso kulenga yekha injini kuti sitima, sanathe kumvetsa ntchito njira zamakono. Ntchito itatha, ndiyeno kwathunthu anasiya, monga N. S. Hruschev kwathunthu "tili m'mavuto mmwamba" chitukuko onse akasinja lolemera. Choncho panthawi imeneyo kuwonekera kwa T-80U, injini amene ali wapadera, izo sikunali kukhala.

Komabe, ponamizira Nikita Sergeyevich, mu nkhani iyi si koyenera: kufanana kwa izo wasonyeza ndi injini dizilo m'tsogolo, imene moona anayang'ana yosakongola ndithu GTD maloobeschayusche. Kodi ndinene, ngati "anawerengedwa" m'galimoto kupanga injini izi ndikanakhoza kokha kwa 80s Mu zaka zapitazo, ndipo ngakhale masiku ano mayunitsi mphamvu maganizo ambiri ankhondo si yowala kwambiri. Tikumbukenso kuti pali cholinga ndithu zifukwa.

kupitiriza

Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo polenga MBT oyamba padziko lonse lapansi, Kojima anakhala T-64. Posachedwapa, okonza anazindikira kuti changwiro choposa thanki zikhoza kupangidwa ofotokoza ... Koma vuto linali zofunika kuyeza atapereka ndi utsogoleri dziko: izo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi makina amene alipo kale, musalumphe kukula, koma pa nthawi yomweyo athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira "tumphani ndi English Channel."

Ndiyeno kachiwiri kukumbutsidwa SDT, monga powerplant mbadwa T-64 anali kale amafuna nthawi kwambiri zogwirizana. Zinali ndiye Ustinov anaganiza zopanga T-80U. The mafuta chachikulu ndi injini ya thanki latsopano anali kulimbikitsa monga makhalidwe mkulu-liwiro.

mavuto anakumana

A vuto lalikulu kwambiri chinali chakuti powerplant latsopano ndi okonza mpweya chofunika kuti mwanjira ina kuti akomere muyezo MTO T-64A. Komanso, Commission chofunika dongosolo chipika: mwakulankhula kwina, injini zinkayenera kuti zichitidwe kuti akhoza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu n'kuikapo latsopano kukonza. Popanda ndalama, ndithudi, nthawi yambiri pa izo. Ndipo ngati poyamba chimaoneka GTE zinali osavuta, mpweya kuyeretsa dongosolo akatswiri anakamba ambiri mutu.

Koma dongosolo limeneli ndi lofunika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti thanki dizilo, osanenapo ake mpweya chopangira mphamvu analogue pa T-80U. Mtundu uliwonse wa mafuta ntchito, tsamba chopangira mphamvu chomera slag ndipo nthawi yomweyo pulasitala agwera m'kati nthawi iliyonse ngati mpweya kulowa m'chipinda kuyaka sati mokwanira kutsukidwa zosafunika kuchotsako ichi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti okonza onse injini kufunafuna kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya kulowa zonenepa kapena kugwira ntchito ndi chopangira mphamvu chipinda wakhala kutsukidwa ku fumbi ndi 100%. Ndipo iwo ndi zovuta kumvetsa, monga fumbi kwenikweni adzadya zamkati mwa injini. Ndipotu amachita ngati sandpaper chabwino.

prototypes

Mu 1963, a wowopsa Morozov analengedwa zinachitika kwa T-64T, omwe anakhazikitsidwa mpweya chopangira mphamvu injini ndi mphamvu modzichepetsa malita 700. a. Kale mu 1964, okonza ku Tagil, ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Ln Kartseva analenga injini zambiri m'tsogolo, amene akanatha ochokera 800 "akavalo".

Koma okonza, mu Kharkov, ndi Nizhny Tagil, anakumana ndi akonzedwa zovuta mavuto luso, chifukwa cha zomwe woyamba akasinja Russian ndi injini mafuta chopangira mphamvu tikhoza kuona yekha mu 80s. M'kupita injini bwino walandira chabe T-80U. Mafuta ntchito yobweretsa wake zipolopolo, komanso akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi injini ku prototypes oyambirira, monga akasinja anaugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya ochiritsira dizilo.

Sitikudziwa mwangozi utoto fumbi pamwamba mbali, chifukwa ndi vuto la khalidwe kuyeretsedwa mpweya wakhala kovuta kwambiri. Popanga zinachitikiranso kwambiri mu kukula kwa turbines kwa Helicopters, injini ... koma Helicopters opareshoni mosalekeza, ndi funso la kuipitsidwa yafumbi mpweya pa msinkhu wa ntchito zawo sanakhazikike konse. Ambiri, ntchito Anapitiriza (oddly mokwanira) yekha ndi Kutengera wa Khrushchev, Breda chida thanki.

Kwambiri "yotheka" inali ntchito ya "chinjoka." Pakuti n'kofunika injini mkulu-mphamvu.

zinthu experimental

Ambiri, n'zosadabwitsa kuti sanali wofunika kwambiri kwa makina amenewa anali nacho kuchuluka zoyendayenda, compactness ndi otsika okoma. Mu 1966, okonza zopita njira zina ndi kuperekedwa anthu kwa polojekiti woyendetsa ndege, mtima umene anali kamodzi awiri GTD-350, amvekere, ngati n'zosavuta kumvetsa, 700 malita. a. Magetsi anamanga mu NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, lomwe panthawiyo akatswiri zokwanira chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha turbines kwa ndege ndi sitima nawo. Iwo ndi lalikulu, ndipo analenga T-80U, ulimiwu limene kwa nthawi yake inali chitukuko wapadera.

Koma pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti ngakhale GTD chimodzi - zimavuta ndiponso m'malo capricious, ndipo ngakhale Kuthetheka awo ndipo alibe alibiretu sapambana ochiritsira chimodzi-chidutswa dera. Ndipo kotero ndi 1968 wakhala inakhazikitsa lamulo nduna ya boma ndi USSR Utumiki wa silikhali kuyambiranso ntchito pa cholinga limodzi. Pofika m'ma 70s iye anali wokonzeka kuti akasinja, amene anadzatchedwa padziko lonse mu lakuti T-80U.

Features Ofunika

Makonzedwe (monga zinalili kwa T-64 ndi T-72) chakale, ndi kumbuyo MTO adalira - atatu. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo yapita, apa mehvoda anapatsidwa atatu chabe triplex, amene kwambiri bwino aone. Ngakhale zili choncho zosaneneka kwa akasinja zoweta zapamwamba monga usavutike Kuntchito, chaperekedwa.

phindu limene kutentha kwa chopangira mphamvu ndi chowala anali wochuluka. Kotero kuti T-80U mpweya chopangira mphamvu injini ndi zifukwa amakonda a mathanki, pamene oyendetsa ntchito mu zambiri omasuka, ngati mukuziyenereza makina ndi T-64/72.

nyumba wapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera, nsanja watayika, pepala ndingaliro ngodya ndi madigiri 68. Mofanana ndi T-64 amaphatikizidwa zida wapangidwa ndi zida zitsulo ndi zoumbaumba wakhala ntchito. Ndiyamika kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi zomveka wa ndingaliro ndi makulidwe a thanki T-80U amapereka mwayi apamwamba oyendetsa kupulumuka pansi zikhalidwe kuzisiya kumunda.

Palinso dongosolo bwino anayamba chitetezo zida misa chiwonongeko kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo nyukiliya. Kamangidwe la chipinda nkhondowo pafupifupi mwathunthu analogous ndi wa T-64B.

Makhalidwe injini chipinda

Okonza anali akadali kukhala pabwino longitudinally mu MTO GTE, amene basi zinachititsa kuwonjezeka pang'ono kukula kwa makina poyerekeza ndi T-64. TBG lakonzedwa ngati monoblock yolemera makilogalamu 1050. Maonekedwe ake anali pamaso pa zida makamaka, limakupatsani kutenga pazipita zotheka kwa galimoto, komanso ngati gearboxes ziwiri basi.

Kupereka ntchito akasinja anayi yomweyo MTO okwana buku ndi 1140 malita. Tikumbukenso kuti T-80U mpweya chopangira mphamvu ndi injini, mafuta amene amasungidwa mabuku amenewa - m'malo "wosusuka" thanki kuti amadya nthawi 1.5-2 mafuta ambiri kuposa T-72. Ndipo chotero kukula kwa akasinja ziwalo.

GTD-1000T analengedwa ntchito zitatu kutsinde chiwembu ali limodzi ndi awiri palokha chopangira mphamvu kompresa unit. Kunyada akatswiri - ndi nozzle kusintha msonkhano kuti amalola ulamuliro yosalala motsatana ndi chopangira mphamvu ndi kumawonjezera kwambiri wake utumiki moyo T-80U. Kodi mafuta Ndi bwino kuti ntchito akupereka durability wa unit mphamvu? Kutukula okha kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri chifukwa cha ichi, apamwamba mafuta ndege.

Popeza mogwirizana mphamvu pakati pa kompresa ndi chopangira mphamvu ndi chabe ayi, thanki angachititse molimba mtima pansi, ngakhale ndi zobala mphamvu osauka kwambiri, ndipo galimoto sadzakhala khola ngakhale siteji mwadzidzidzi makina. Ndipo kodi "wakudya" T-80U? Mafuta galimoto yake angakhale osiyana ...

chopangira mphamvu unsembe

Ubwino waukulu wa m'banja mafuta mpweya chopangira mphamvu injini ndi omnivorous ake. Kodi kuthamanga pa mafuta ndege, mtundu uliwonse wa dizilo, otsika-octeni petulo anafuna magalimoto. Koma! T-80U, mafuta amene ayenera kukhala yekha chocheperako flowability, koma amakhudzidwa kwambiri "unlicensed" kuyaka. Refilling osavomerezeka utsi zizipezeka zinthu nkhondowo, kuyambira kumatanthauza kuchepetsa kwambiri a injini moyo ndi chopangira mphamvu masamba.

Kuyambira injini likuvutika Kukwezeleza compressors, amene amachititsa awiri kudzikonda zili magetsi galimoto. Siginecha lamayimbidwe wa thanki T-80U kwambiri poyerekeza ake dizilo anzake onse chifukwa cha makhalidwe kwambiri chopangira mphamvu komanso mwapadera anakonza dongosolo utsi. Komanso, makina ndi wapadera kuti pamene braking ntchito ngati mabuleki hayidiroliki ndi injini wokha, umene thanki katundu ali anasiya nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi zimenezi? mfundo ndi yakuti pamene limodzi ananyema ngo ndi mbamuikha masamba chopangira mphamvu kuyamba atembenuza zosiyana. Zimenezi zimapereka katundu kwambiri pa nkhani ya masamba ndi chopangira mphamvu yokha, koma chifukwa ankalamulira pakompyuta. Chifukwa cha ichi, pamene mwadzidzidzi braking ayenera yomweyo utaplivat ngo kwathunthu. Ntchito yomweyo m'gulu mabuleki hayidiroliki.

Koma makhalidwe ena a thanki, iwo ali otsika mafuta "chilakolako". Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi okonza anakwanitsa osati kamodzi. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ankadya, akatswiri inaimika basi akutembenukira dongosolo chopangira mphamvu ulamuliro (XUAR). Pamafunikanso masensa kutentha ndi opha, ndi masiwichi, mwathupi chikugwirizana ndi dongosolo mafuta okwanira.

Chifukwa SAUR kuvala masamba anakwanitsa kuchepetsa ndi osachepera 10%, ndipo ndi ntchito woyenera wa ngo ananyema ndi zida kuloza dalaivala akhoza kuchepetsa mafuta ndi 5-7%. Mwa njira, ndi chotani thanki iyi mafuta waukulu? T-80U mu makhalidwe abwino ayenera refueled ndege palafini, koma saizi ndi khalidwe mafuta dizilo.

kachitidwe Air kuyeretsedwa

chimphepochi mpweya purifier ntchito, kupereka 97% kuchotsa fumbi kwa mpweya mawere ndi ena nkhani yachilendo. Mwa njira, "Abrams" (chifukwa yachibadwa tsatane awiri kuyeretsedwa), chithunzi ichi ali pafupi 100%. Ndi chifukwa chimenechinso mafuta m'galimoto T-80U - mutu wa mtima, monga anakhala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chitini cha mdani wakeyo American.

Otsala 3% fumbi anakaika pa masamba chopangira mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a slag uŵende. Kuwachotsa, okonza kuti anapereka yaotomatiki kuyeretsa pulogalamu kugwedera. Tikumbukenso kuti inlets mpweya akhoza chikugwirizana ndi zipangizo zina zapadera kwa galimoto m'madzi. Timatha kuthetsa mtsinjewo akuya mamita asanu.

thanki kufala muyezo - Mawotchi, mapulaneti mtundu. Pamafunikanso mabokosi awiri gearboxes awiri, awiri hayidiroliki pagalimoto. Pali imathamanga anayi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo wina. Track odzigudubuza, labala TACHIMATA. Track komanso ndi eni mphira njanji. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, T-80U odula kwambiri galimotoyo.

Tensioning ikuchitika ndi njira nyongolotsi-mtundu. Kuyimitsidwa osakaniza, izo wapangidwa ndi onse mipiringidzo torsion ndi hayidiroliki absorbers mantha pa rinks atatu.

makhalidwe a mikono

Main chida - chitsanzo mfuti 2A46M-1, likungosonyeza ndi wofanana 125 mm. Chimodzimodzi mfuti chomwecho anaiika akasinja T-64/72, komanso osadziwika thanki wowonongayo "nyamayi".

Zida zankhondo (monga mu T-64) anali chosasintha ndege ziwiri. mathanki odziwa kuti uthunthu wa kuwombera mwachindunji pa cholinga zowoneka anati angafikire 2100 mamita zipolopolo muyezo :. High-kuphulika, ndipo kubaya mphako-kuyang'anira projectiles. A autoloader mu gawo lina kungakhale kwa 28 akatemera, ndipo angapo akhoza ili mu kumenyana chipinda.

zida wothandiza ndi 12.7 mm makina mfuti "zimayambitsa", koma Ukrainians akhala kuyika zida aliyense wofanana poganizira amafuna makasitomala a. Yaikulu drawback ndi makina mfuti kuti kuwombera kunja kwa likhoza kukhala mtsogoleri thanki, ndi kuti Mulimonsemo m'pofunika kusiya makina danga zabronevoe. Popeza koyamba 12,7 mamilimita zipolopolo ballistics zofanana kwambiri ndi projectile, ndi lalikulu cholinga mfuti amadziwikanso zeroing Muzifunsa mfuti yaikulu popanda munitions.

boeukladki

Makina nkhondowo paketi linaikidwa mwa okonza padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa buku lokhalamo a thanki. Chifukwa chakuti mbali ina ya okwana akasinja MSW T-80 kugwira mafuta, ndi okonza chifukwa cha buku anakakamizika ikani horizontally okha zipolopolo, koma propellants ali ng'oma oongoka. Ndi noticeable kwambiri kusiyana "vosmidesyatok" kwa T-64/72, imene zochotsa mlandu projectiles anakonza horizontally pa mlingo odzigudubuza.

Mfundo ntchito zida chachikulu ndi Komatsu

Pa chiphaso cha yoyenera lamulo ng'oma akuyamba atembenuza, imodzi mwachidule mtundu asankha projectile kwa potsegula ndege. Kenako, limagwirira ndi zokhoma chipolopolo zochotsa mlandu atumizidwe kwa chida cha ntchito amodzi limodzi mfundo potsegula ndodo. Pambuyo mpirawo malaya ali basi anagwidwa ndi njira yapadera ndipo anaikidwa okhala ng'oma selo.

"Carousel" potsegula zipangitsa mlingo kuwombera wa osachepera sikisi eyiti zipolopolo pa mphindi. Ngati basi potsegula sichitha, mukhoza pamanja mlandu mfuti, koma mathanki ndikukhulupirira chitukuko zosatheka ngati (kulizindikira chintchito kwa nthawi yaitali) zochitika. Thanki ntchito chitsanzo pamaso TPD 2-49, kaya mfuti kukhazikika ndege umodzi, amene amalola kudziwa mtunda ndi anachititsa pa chandamale pa mtunda 1000-4000 m.

ena zosintha

Mu 1978, T-80U thanki ndi injini mafuta chopangira mphamvu wakhala penapake modernized. The luso chachikulu chinali maonekedwe 9K112-1 chida dongosolo "mamba", kuwombera umene umabala mivi 9M112. Chida akhoza kugunda chandamale oti muli nazo zida pa mtunda wa 4 Km, ndi Mwina izi anali 0,8 1, malingana ndi mtunda makhalidwe ndi chandamale kayendedwe mathamangidwe.

Popeza chida akubwereza kukula muyezo 125 mm projectile, akhoza imapezeka aliyense limagwirira thireyi Komatsu. munition Izi "anatsekeredwa" idzawononga magalimoto oti muli nazo zida yekha chokhala warhead. Monga mwachizolowezi kuwombera amapanga roketi idzafotokoza awiri, kuphatikiza kumachitika pamene muyezo pepala potsegula limagwirira. Iwo anachititsa mu mode theka-zodziwikiratu kuti: masekondi loyamba gunner ayenera mwamphamvu akugwira adani chimango pa chandamale cholinga.

Malangizo kapena kuwala, kapena mbali wailesi chizindikiro. Kuti azipeza mpata polasa, ndi gunner akhoza kusankha mmodzi wa modes atatu nkhondo ndege, kuika maganizo pa zinthu asilikali komanso m'midzi yozungulira. Zochitika zasonyeza kuti m'pofunika pamene pomenyana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kutetezedwa ndi machitidwe yogwira kauntala.