Wasayansi Charles Darwin: yonena, mfundo ndi kutulukira. Charles Darwin: yochepa yonena

Charles Darwin - mmodzi wa mosalekeza ambiri ofufuza mu mbiri ya anthu. Zachilengedwe, wapaulendo, wolemba wa zasokoneza - ndizo mbali yaing'ono cha maphunziro ake lalikulu, ndi zoyenereza.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Mwachidule yonena za Darwin sakufotokoza chopereka yaikulu kwambiri wasayansi mu chitukuko cha disiplin ano, koma chimayambira mu 1809

Anabadwa katswiri wa akhumi wa February mu English banja lalikulu mu Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, amene anasiya Darwin yonena inanena kuti awisi ankachita nawo ndalama. Komanso, iye anali dokotala bwino. Ntchito Robert Darwin akulola banja moyo wabwino. Zitatero, bambo amanyadira kuti mwana wake - Charles Darwin. Mwachidule yonena za sayansi ndi imasonyeza kuti bambo ndi mwana onse moyo wake kuthandizana.

mayi a Calvin dziko lino mu 1817, ndipo unakhalabe mfundo zochepa.

Mwachidule yonena za Darwin limatiuza kuti agogo ake Charles Erasmus, anali dokotala, nzeru zapamwamba, wolemba. Ambiri, anthu onse m'banjamo anali anthu ndi mkulu mlingo wa nzeru ndi chikhalidwe.

Kodi mtundu wa maphunziro analandira Darwin? Wambiri limatiuza kuti mu 1817 anayamba Inde pa tsiku sukulu ina, ndipo patatha chaka unasamutsidwira Anglican.

Young Charles sanali opusa mwana. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo pa sukulu ine sanali kuphunzira ndiponso kuganizira maphunziro zedi kosangalatsa.

Mu nthawi yawo ankakonda kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphunzira tizilombo, zipolopolo ndi miyala zachilendo. Watcheru zinangokhalako zokha - mitengo maluwa ndi zitsamba, kumitsinje, mphepo malangizo. Ankakonda kusaka kapena kusodza.

Charles Darwin. Mwachidule mbiri. maphunziro a ku yunivesite

Mu 1825, bambo ake anamvera pempho la mwana wake namtumiza kuphunzira pa University of Edinburgh. Robert anafuna kuona mnyamata m'malo zachipatala mafumu.

Makamaka Nthawi zambiri zoyenera kuphunzira zamoyo, makamaka invertebrates m'madzi, algae. Kukonda taxidermy, mbiri zachilengedwe ndi nthaka. Iye anatenga mbali mu ntchito ya University Museum, pamene Europe yaikulu mndandanda wa zomera anali anasonkhana.

Pambuyo awiri "kwambiri wotopetsa" zaka za maphunziro iye yagoletsa maphunziro.

Pa Iwo anatsatira malangizo a bambo anakwiya wasankha kusamukira ku mphamvu ya Theology ku Cambridge, kumene aphunzitsi adzatha kudziwa dzina, ndiye linagwedezeka lonse lapansi - Charles Darwin. Wambiri ananena kuti wodandaulayu powerenga mabuku a mpingo yopemphera. Chinkhoswe payekha ndi mphunzitsi Shrewsbury kwawo.

Limadzitsegula mutu yatsopano ya moyo wake, Darwin. Wambiri ya nthawi iyi mu moyo wa wasayansi wamkulu likufotokoza: yomweyo pambuyo tchuthi cha Khrisimasi mu 1828, iye bwinobwino Mwapambana mayeso pakhomo.

Zaka maphunziro kumbukirani Tikuphunzira za kukwera nyama, kutolera kafadala, kuphunzira mabuku, masamu, sayansi ndi madera.

Anamaliza maphunziro mu 1831. Ngakhale kuti bwino kwambiri pa maphunziro otani kuwala, kudziwa zimenezi zinathandiza Darwin kukhala mu mndandanda wa ophunzirawo khumi bwino.

Atamaliza maphunzirowo, anakhala kwambiri kukayikira choonadi cha ziphunzitso za Chikhristu.

Charles Darwin: yochepa mbiri. ntchito chilengedwe

Pofunafuna kumvetsa Sipadzakhalanso kuzindikira wasayansi angathe bwino katswiri wotchuka Dzhonom Henslou, amene analandira maphunziro mu gulu la ofufuza za chilengedwe America South mkati mwa "Beagle". Kenako, wasayansi lopambana anali wokondwa kwambiri kuti timu anapita ku Darwin. Wambiri, bwinobwino kuphunzira ndi mbiri yakale wa sayansi zikutsimikizira mawu izi.

Atate Charles anali ndi ulendo, kuganizira mofatsa kuti akungotaya nthawi. Kudzera mu phukusi la amalume ake, Yosiya Wedgwood II wa, Robert Darwin napereka ndipo anapereka asiyane kudalitsa mwana wake.

Kwa ulendo wa zaka zisanu kuposa timu anapita ku Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Europe, Australia, Africa.

Pa Galápagos wofufuza makamaka chidwi mockingbirds, amene akusiyanako amapezeka mu England. Anaphunzitsidwa akamba, mitundu imene amasiyana ngakhale pa zilumba wapafupi.

Scientist ndi chidwi kuphunzira m'dera dera, nyama ndi zomera. Chifukwa cha ulendo unakhala zosonkhanitsira yaikulu miyala, mchere, zitsamba, nyama choyika zinthu mkati ndi mbalame. Iwo apangidwa kufotokoza maonekedwe ndi thunthu la invertebrates ambiri.

kuzipenya onse analembedwa tsikulo, kwa yemwe Charles ndi anadalira polemba mapepala kafukufuku zaka makumi awiri. Studies afalitsidwa pansi udindo "kuzungulira dziko mkati mwa" Beagle ". Wasayansi walandira kutchuka lonse mu chilengedwe sayansi, komanso anthu wamba.

Komanso Charles anapanga maitanidwe ndi cholinga m'moyo - Darwin sanaone moyo popanda sayansi.

ntchito sayansi

The zaka zisanu ulendo Darwin anakulira yasayansi. Wambiri limanena kuti anamalizidwa, Charles anasamukira ku Cambridge. Koma posachedwapa anasamukira ku London, kumene akalowako iye chimangidwe cha asayansi, omwe makamaka amachita mu zaka zisanu.

Nthawiyi zinali zodzaza ndi moyo zinawachitikira Charles, ntchito zothandiza - zinalembedwa ntchito achikhazikitso, ikuchitika kwa maola ochuluka mkangano waukulu. Pakuti chikondi cha kufunafuna wofunafuna umboni wa maganizo ndi mfundo kafukufuku wa kusankha mlembi waukulu wa bungwe la akatswiri a nthaka.

Kufuna kusintha

Kukhala mu mzinda waukulu, koposa kukakamiza wasayansi lapansi. Thupi aipa kupirira matenda pomenyana.

Mu 1839 anakwatira Emma Vedzhvud ndi kale mu 1842 anasamukira ku malo anapeza "Dawn."

Kenako, mkazi adzabereka ana khumi Darwin.

Kuchoka amangokhala ali pikitipikiti mzinda, Charles akhoza kudzipereka akucheza wake - kukwera, nsomba, nyama, chikhalidwe kuonera,

Olimba cholowa ndi ndalama kuchokera mabuku olembedwa kulola kuti agwera mu zinthu ndiwotani.

Mu 1842, zinalembedwa ndi Darwin ntchito "Zoology kuyenda pa" Beagle ".

Chosintha pa nthawi buku la "The Origin of Species Kudzera Natural Kusankha" linasindikizidwa mu 1859.

Mfundo zotsutsana wolemba samagwirizana ndi maganizo anavomera anthu, anatsindika mabuku a m'Baibulo za mmene dziko lisanalengedwe. Zokambirana anafotokoza chimene muyenera kuganiza kuti zaka mamiliyoni palokha chitukuko cha chikhalidwe - zomera, zinyama, anthu. Ndiyeno, chiphunzitso unatchedwa Wofufuzayo - ". Darwin"

Ganizo inatheka chifukwa mosamala zopezera njira ya kuzipenya yaitali zakuthupi. "Darwin" unakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ngakhale kumuyalutsa, kunabalira wabwino phindu wasayansi.

ntchito ndi ntchito Komanso

Mu 1862 anafalitsa buku 'kubereketsa zomera la maluwa ", ndiye -" scrambles zomera "ndi" mbewu zimadya ".

Mu 1868 - kupitiriza "The Origin of Species ..." - ". Change wa ziweto ndi zomera nakulitsa"

Mu 1871, dziko anaona buku la "The Zinafika wa munthu ndi kusankha kugonana".

Ndipo mu 1872 - "umboni wa maganizo ndi zinyama," zimene asayansi chofufuzira magwero a munthu kuchokera kwa makolo apelike.

Kumene, iwo analibe kutchuka zoterozo, koma adzalola asayansi kulandira mphoto zingapo yapamwamba pakati pawo - Kopleevskaya golide Mendulo kuchokera kwa anthu ammudzi Royal.

Mu zaka wotsatira, iye anapangidwa ndi aulemu Doctor wa Science Breslau, Bonn, University Leiden, komanso membala lolingana wa St. Petersburg Academy.

Tikumbukenso kuti Russian Orthodox si kudandaula ntchito za sayansi ndi anayesetsa kuwononga iye. Pa chitetezo ndinali kuyima oimira ambiri anzeru a. Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy mwachangu kumbuyo zomwe iye anakhulupirira wasayansi. MBIRI imatsimikiza deta izi.

chikumbukiro

The wasayansi wotchuka wasiya dziko lathu la chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi April 1882 pa msinkhu wa zaka makumi atatu.

Ngakhale kutchuka lonse, mbadwa adzakumbukira kuti iye anali munthu wamba, wochezeka, woganizira ena. Darwin, amene yonena amaphunzira ku mayunivesite zonse mwamakono ndipo anamuika m'manda ku Westminster Abbey, pafupi Isaaka Nyutona.

Pomaliza

Charlz Darvin anakhala pakati asayansi wotchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse. ntchito Yake, kutsimikizira chiyambi cha moyo zinthu ku kholo limodzi ndi maziko a makono zamoyo zinachita kaphatikizidwe, zamoyo, ndi chibadwa.

Director Jon Amiel inajambulidwa yochepa autobiography Darwin - filimu mu 2009, "The Origin of Species."

Chimatengedwa ngati mmodzi wa Britain wotchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse.