Zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga: njira ndi luso m'kalasi kusekondale

Watsopano mfundo maphunziro feduro, anayambitsa mu mlingo pulaimale ndi sekondale, zochokera ubwenzi mfundo metasubject. Kutanthauza kuwerenga amalola kusintha kwambiri kuti zili nkhani anaphunzitsa, kukwaniritsa mkulu khalidwe la maphunziro.

Tanthauzo la kuwerenga zamalankhulidwe

Panopa mphunzitsi yekha amalenga zinthu zina, limatithandiza ophunzira ake ntchito watsopano, amene umalimbana ntchito ndi generalization wa luso komanso nzeru. Kuti ndi mawu a ulusi polumikiza, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kupeza chimene mukufuna. Lingaliro luso kuphunzira, akufuna Asmolovoy A. G., Volodarskoy I. A. kuwonjezera kanthu chilengedwe kumafuna zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga: njira ndi njira. Anapereka zoposa kuzolowerana ndi ena mawu ndi watanthauzo kuwerenga, imene anyamata atamupopa, kusanthula mfundo zina. Ana alandire luso chokwanira ziyenera ndi kumvetsa malemba.

mphunzitsi aliyense masiku ano amadziwa kufunika watanthauzo kuwerenga. Njira ndi luso zimadalira zili chilango, koma zotsatira ndi chimodzimodzi kwa anthu onse.

A mbiri pang'ono

M'zaka za m'ma 20, asayansi ambiri ndi aphunzitsi akufuna kuyambitsa sukulu watanthauzo kuwerenga. Malinga ndi malingaliro awo, mawu aliwonse choyamba tiyenera kuwerenga kenako kudutsa mu zomwenso ake. Mu nkhani iliyonse munali kutanthauza yoona, zigawo cilamulo.

mfundo yoona, wolemba ananena za chikhalidwe, nthawi, malo a mwambowu, umunthu wake.

Mfundo anasonyeza siyikhuzana mwachindunji wapakamwa mawu. Angapezeke yekha mu mawu "komanso" madzi zimatulutsa zimene zilipo kuti owerenga ndi kudalira zinthu ndi nzeru komanso mothandizidwa ndi njira luso ndi mawu-images, ndipo zimenezi zimafuna kuwerenga waphindu. Njira ndi luso osankhidwa ndi mphunzitsi, potengera makhalidwe maganizo ndi maganizo a Zipatalazo awo.

mudziwe cilamulo zikusonyeza dongosolo la maganizo, ndiponso maganizo a wolemba osonyezedwa nkhaniyo, umalimbana amaonera mu sekondale. lemba ndi gulu limodzi, lolunjika pa zolinga kafukufuku, maphunziro, ntchito.

Kuwerenga pa kaonedwe ka zamaganizo

Zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga (njira ndi luso) kwa zaka zambiri kwambiri kuphunzira zamaganizo. Iwo ali ndi chidaliro kuti ndondomekoyi, zomwe cholinga chake ndicho kumvetsa ophunzira malemba Chili chidwi ndi kukumbukira, maganizo ndi malingaliro, chifuniro ndi maganizo, makhalidwe ndi zofuna za mwanayo. N'chifukwa chake zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga (njira ndi luso) mu sukulu za pulayimale anali nawo mu m'badwo wachiwiri wa GEF. The mwana amalandira maluso ena pa zokambirana za bukhu (vuto), amene angamuthandize kuti mosavuta kuyenda moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula malemba nkhani: malipoti, nkhani ikukhudza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka maganizo zikuluzikulu za lembalo. Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, ophunzira ntchito kuwerenga kuonerera. A njira zofanana ndi wofala zaumunthu lapansi. Mbiri imasonyeza kuganizira zinthu zatsopano ndi watanthauzo kuwerenga. Njira ndi luso pa maphunziro Russian (pansi GEF) umalimbana asukulu amazindikira wodziwa ntchito Agiriki ndi amakono zolembalemba.

Tsiku ndi tsiku, muyenera kupeza zina zokhudza chinthu kapena chochitika, mawunikidwe kuwerenga ntchito imeneyi. Akakumana ndi ndakatulo, nkhani, nkhani, makalata, maphikidwe, cookbooks mwana sayenera amangoti zambiri, komanso kuti chiyani malinga ndi zomwe analandira ake nokha yankho lomveka.

Kuwerenga pa maphunziro sayansi

Zingatanthauze kuti zimene zikhoza kukhala ulalo pakati pa chilangocho luso monga sayansi, ndi kuwerenga? Aphunzitsi ndikukhulupirira kuti ubale pakati pa zinthu zilipodi. Zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga (njira ndi luso) mu maphunziro sayansi kuthandiza aphunzitsi mu mawonekedwe a Zipatalazo awo chithunzi logwirizana la dziko zakuthupi. Mavuto sayansi ndi kugawidwa mmagawo awiri: kapangidwe ndi maganizo. Bwinobwino kuthetsa mavuto zomveka ndikofunika kumvetsetsa akamanena za nkhani ndi zomveka aligorivimu njira. Ndipo apa kuthandiza mphunzitsi abwera kuwerenga waphindu. Njira ndi luso kusukulu ya pulayimale zochokera maganizo zithunzi, ndi maphunziro a sayansi, iwo zambiri kugwirizana ndi mfundo za.

Pakuti lophunzira mitunduyi, mayunitsi mphunzitsi amapereka ana Zochita funso mayankho yaing'ono thupi dictations. A njira zofanana ntchito zachokera kupempha ndi kupereka ophunzira zokhudza chinthu Mtengo wa ubale wawo. Komanso, ana zimaperekedwa zipangizo ndi mipata. M'malo mwake, anyamatawo zochokera chidziwitso chawo, ayenera kumanga mfundo kapena kanjedza. Kuchita zimenezi kumathandiza ophunzira kukhala kulingalira, zochokera mawu a ndimeyo, mfundo zina zake. Physics - phunziro la maphunziro a kusukulu, kuphunzira zimene ndi zosatheka popanda kuwerenga waphindu. Pa familiarization malemba a vuto limasonyeza lingaliro zofunika, kuchuluka osadziwika amusankha, ndi aligorivimu osankhidwa njira. Pali malumikizanidwe pakati pa zizindikiro zatchulidwa mu mawu ndi tanthauzo la funso ndi kugwirizana ndi kupeza wophunzira kulimbana ndi ntchito yake.

Kuwerenga pa maphunziro a zaumunthu

aphunzitsi onse a chinenero cha Chirasha ndipo zaumunthu ena kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa kuwerenga waphindu. Njira ndi luso pa maphunziro mabuku (zimene zinachitikira) kupeza malemba Mbali awo enieni. Mwachitsanzo, sayansi ya "unyolo" ophunzira pulayimale. Zimatengera oyamba koyamba kwa ana onse ndi nkhani, ndiye kuti zonse 1-2 amapereka malangizo mapeto anapanga umodzi wonse malemba. Ndiye mphunzitsi, pomvera zili amakhazikitsa ana kutsogolera mafunso pogogoda mapeto mlingo wa kuloŵerera kuwerenga nkhani. Pali njira ya chiphunzitso kuwerenga ndi ntchito yapadera yothandizana. njira yotero ya ntchito potengera M'ndime malemba, podikira maganizo kwa akamaliza zimene anyamata ayenera kudziwa zambiri za zowerengera.

Kudzudzulidwa ndi kusintha maganizo, amene poyamba adzakhala anavomereza zolakwa zomveka, ndi kulola kuwerenga waphindu. Njira ndi luso la maphunziro a mbiri amati GEF kumvetsa ophunzira kwenikweni Nthawi mbiri ndi zochitika, kufunika kwa anthu. Njira imeneyi monga poyerekeza ndi Kufunafuna kufanana mbali chosiyana mu zolemba limathandiza aphunzitsi a mbiri ndi maphunziro chikhalidwe kupanga anyamata chidwi nzika zawo.

Kuwerenga maphunziro madera

Pamene kuyerekezera zinthu zingapo: malemba, photos, mapu ndi kuwerenga zamalankhulidwe limagwirira ntchito. Njira ndi luso mu maphunziro madera zomwe malemba, zochokera luso kukonza 'Werengani' ana mapu. Pambuyo kudziwa bwino mfundo likutipatsa anyamata kuchifotokoza icho, kugwirizana ndi zomwe malemba, kupanga inferences. Oyenera webusayitiyi, ndi njira chopezera ndi zinthu zatsopano mfundo recoding. Akamanena za phwando ali kutengerapo ake ku mtundu umodzi wa mawu kuti wina. Mwachitsanzo, mawu komanso ziganizo, ana ayenera kulankhula ndi manja, nkhope.

mungawerenge maphunziro English

Zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga (njira ndi luso) pa maphunziro English kwa GEF zochokera ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, "zithunzi" ndi njira, imene imakhudza kulekana kwa "banki zambiri", limene malemba ambiri kumvetsera. Kamodzi ana kukhala bwino ndi mbali ya nkhani, iwo kulankhula pamodzi recreate okhutira okwana nkhaniyo. Nthawi zambiri mphunzitsi wa English ntchito ntchito zolemba zawo. Mu kukafola lemba shorthand (abstracts) mu asukulu anapanga luso mawunikidwe. Atakamba ndi malemba a chinenero, ndi retelling mwachidule anyamata anakonza, ofotokoza kubwezeretsa mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira kuwerenga mu mabuku

phunziro ili sukulu ndi zana pa zana ntchito kuwerenga zamalankhulidwe. Njira ndi luso mu makalasi mabuku musati amasiyana khalidwe ena akuphunzira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene anakumana ndi latsopano ntchito yapamwamba, monga ndi ntchito iliyonse, ana kugawa lemba lonse mu ndime osiyana (ndime), aliyense mutu wakuti gawo, kupeza nkhani yolembedwa mini. Iwo kupanga posts zawo, ndiye lingaliro la retelling la wolemba. N'zochititsa chidwi, ndipo njira imeneyi monga "Poyembekezera" kuti amagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha luso kuoneratu zili nkhani. Zolembalemba quizzes, kafukufuku, masamu, analemba mphunzitsi lemba ntchito, tiyeni mumanga chidwi mu mabuku. Kukamba kubwezeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa akuyambira chakhungu amathandiza kumanga unyolo kuti lemba coherent, ganizo lonse.

Kuwerenga kuphunzira zamoyo

Mu kuphunzira dziko ozungulira kuwerenga zogwira ntchito. Njira ndi luso mu zamoyo kalasi ntchito kupanga chidwi mu phunziro, GEF kutanthauza kumvetsa mfundo zimene aphunzira. Kulunjika nkhani zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana podyerapo. Pambuyo Kudziwa bwino malemba, mphunzitsiyo anafunsa ana kusankha mfundo ndi kutenga maonekedwe a tebulo. mfundo zina za ndale kukhala kuwerenga watanthauzo pa maphunziro zamoyo, kusankha ntchito mayeso. Kusankha lamanja (cholakwika) ovomerezeka, ophunzira kusonyeza mlingo wa kuloŵerera zakuthupi maphunziro, kuphunzira kuzindikira homuweki.

Za njira ndi njira kuwerenga zamalankhulidwe

Mfundo imeneyi ikukhudza ntchito okha mudziwe zimene mwana amafunikira. Tiyeni tione ndi zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga (njira ndi luso). maphunziro English ndi mphunzitsi amayesetsa kuphunzitsa ana kuwerenga kuunikila mfundo yaikulu ya lemba, kuti anatchula nkhani zonse mu chinenero. Ngati mwana adziwe njira ndi njira zimene zimachititsa tanthauzo kuwerenga, iye angathe kuzindikira zinthu mwatsatanetsatane, kulenga zithunzi zawo. Zokambirana, mtsutso, m'maganizo, kayeseleledwe zimathandiza mphunzitsi kulinganiza ntchito chidziwitso, kuphunzitsa ana kuwerenga malemba nthawi ndi nzeru.

Pofuna kulongosola akamanena za mavuto nthawi zonse amafuna kuwerenga waphindu. Njira ndi luso masamu kalasi lofanana ndi kuphunzira ntchito yapamwamba, koma pali ena mokoma. Mwachitsanzo, sikokwanira amangoti lemba la vuto, kusankha mfundo zazikulu. Ana motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi wakeyo, ayenera kusankha aligorivimu abwino amene iwo adzafunafuna funsolo.

Pali mitundu itatu waukulu kuwerenga zamalankhulidwe:

• familiarization;
• kuphunzira;
• kuonera.

Akuphunzira kuwerenga amakhala ndi kumvetsa bwino kwambiri ophunzira pulayimale ndi sekondale sukulu mfundo ndi mbali. Nthawi zambiri anachita mu malemba, zomwe zili zofunika ndi nkhani zambiri. Anyamata ntchito chidziwitso wabweza mu moyo sukulu wotsatira.

Kupeza zosinthika Cholinga kudziwa zinthu zambiri chinsinsi.

Kuwona njira amalola ophunzira kupenda mfundo ndi kupeza kuti mudziwe tiyenera kumvetsa tanthauzo la malemba.

Ndi kuwerenga ikuchitika socialization anthu, anakulira, chitukuko ndi maphunziro owonjezereka. Panopa dziko lathu zikusintha anthu, kusintha ntchito ndi udindo wa bukhu. Mwatsoka, akatswiri amanena dontho kwambiri chidwi kuwerenga osati kwa ophunzira, komanso pakati pa anthu akuluakulu. About 34% ya ku Russia satha kuwerenga, kuchepekela chikhalidwe cha kuwerenga ana ndi achinyamata. Mu muyezo feduro maphunziro a maphunziro chachikulu, luso kuphunzira wobwezera chifukwa chofunika kwambiri kuphunzira. Chisamaliro linaperekedwa kwa chitukuko cha luso generic, zimathandiza ophunzira kuphunzira nkhani zawo. ACU ndi interdisciplinary mu chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo sukulu.

Anapanga zamalankhulidwe aphunzire kuwerenga adzakhala maziko kwambiri. Ndi kuti akuphunzira kuyang'ana, kumvetsetsa kumasulira, kutanthauzira, kuunikira. Pa nthawi, werengani pamodzi ndi katswiri kophunzira kompyuta ndi luso zofunika ophunzira, kuti athe kulankhula momasuka ndi anzawo, akulu. 200 zamaganizo kusiyanitsa zinthu zimene zimatsimikizira ntchito yapamwamba maphunziro a ana. The luso loyamba imatengedwa watanthauzo kuwerenga. Njira ndi luso mu kapangidwe m'kalasi mphunzitsi amasankha lagona pa njira ya kuwerenga ophunzira. 120-180 mawu pamphindi (kwa graders chiwiri) zokwanira tanthauzo la mitunduyi mankhwala ndi mavuto. kulemba owerenga akhoza chimakula kuphunzitsa zamalankhulidwe kuwerenga maphunziro zimapangidwira, mu wozengereza zopindulitsa ndiponso zasayansi ntchito.

ndi makhalidwe a kuwerenga chiyani?

Izo umalimbana cholinga cha mfundo Werengani. Kuwonjezera pa chikondi mwachizolowezi ndi lemba, wophunzirayo amapereka anapeza, anthu amalabadira zili zazikulu. Zigawo za mtundu wa kuphunzira zambiri m'gulu ntchito zonse maphunziro:

• kuwerenga zolinga adzatenge munthu UDD;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa mipherezero zili zolimbana UDD;
• umboni ndi zomveka kuganiza, mawu kukumbukira m'gulu chidziwitso UDD;
• mogwirizana ndi m'kalasi, aphunzitsi, zochokera mawu, ndi akulumikizana UDD.

Pulogalamu sukulu halve nthawi kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, makolo onse kupeza nthawi, mphamvu, chilakolako kudzimvera kuphunzitsa mwana zilembo, kuwerenga. mawu onse, kuwerenga ali aang'ono, kukhala mu malingaliro a mwanayo, kupanga mawu ake. Ngati palibe preschooler, kapena makolo ake hadaonese kutifuna kwa buku, mwana, pali mavuto aakulu pa sukulu. Si anapanga, palibe Kukwanitsa kupanga ziganizo okongola ndi zolondola, chikugwirizana ndi nkhani boma kuwerenga. Pamene watanthauzo kuwerenga mu sanayambebe kupita kusukulu kupanga mafano lakuthwa tsiku limene pali chitukuko wotsatira wa mwana. Kuwonjezera pa mphamvu yachibadwa kuwerenga buku, n'kofunika kumuphunzitsa kuchita nzeru. Watsopano "owerenga" sakukhoza kuzindikira lemba holistically, kuonetsetsa zolemba zawo, ogaŵikana zidutswa. Zimawavuta sanafotokozepo lithe zinthu Werengani. chifukwa lili kakang'ono zinachitikira moyo, amaika emotionality, unformed mawu chikhalidwe.

Mapangidwe aphunzire kuwerenga

Achimethodisti amati za magawo atatu a luso owerenga.

Analytical zikusonyeza watero, kuzindikira, chidziwitso cha kuphunzira kuwerenga, chifukwa siteji yoyamba ya mapangidwe kulemba.

Kupanga kugwirizana ndi kuwerenga mwana si syllables, ndi mawu lonse. Pambuyo siteji uyu akubwera, zikuoneka intonation mu kuwerenga, kumvetsa posungira lemba mu kukumbukira mfundo yatsopano. siteji ndi zina kwa chaka chachiwiri cha sukulu.

Zokha amakhala ndi njira yabwino kuwerenga, luso kubereka mfundo zikuluzikulu za nkhaniyo, ntchito njira za luso zikuchokera. The mwana momasuka kuyankha mafunso onse wochititsidwa ndi mphunzitsi, magawo analandira kwa nkhani zinachitikira maganizo ndi anzawo.

Ngati mphunzitsi adzakhala Ngokhoza kulenga kufunika mode opaleshoni, kusintha kwa mawunikidwe kuti sitepe basi adzakhala sabweretsa chisoni, GEF m'badwo wachiwiri ali anazindikira mu zonse.

Pomaliza

Kuti preschooler kukhala bwino sekondale wophunzira, anakhoza kuphunzira mapulogalamu yophunzitsa zonse, n'kofunika kwabasi kuti Timphunzitse kuwerenga waphindu. Kupeza zotsatira Napempha kwa ena achitapo mphunzitsi adzakhala osakwanira. chithandizo wake ayenera kuyesetsa makolo, wophunzira yekha. Zotsatira za maphunziro zowerengera amachitika chimango cha ntchito matenda a m'badwo wachiwiri kukhazikitsa GEF ku sukulu zapulaimale kutsimikizira kufunika kwa kuwerenga waphindu. Amathandiza mwana kuthana ndi zovuta vuto masamu ndi thupi, ndi aligorivimu wa mankhwala anachita, siteji chitukuko cha chamoyo zamoyo kusintha kutumphuka, mpweya, chipolopolo madzi lapansi. Ku pulayimale, zinthu zimenezi kwenikweni lolunjika pa chitukuko cha maluso.