Zida ndi zida Viking: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Scandinavia ... Mawu ali ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo wakhala dzina banja. Umasonyeza, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima, koma anthu ochepa tcheru tsatanetsatane. Inde, Scandinavia ncho chigonjetso ali wotchuka kwa zaka zambiri, koma akupeza aliyense kwa iwo okha mwa makhalidwe awo, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zida kwambiri masiku ano komanso zothandiza.

A mbiri pang'ono

Nyengo ya zaka mazana angapo VIII kuti XI wa m'badwo nkhani wotchedwa Viking. Izi mitundu Scandinavia amasiyana militancy, kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima kwambiri. Kulimba mtima ndi asilikali chibadidwe thanzi kuphunzitsidwa njira zonse zotheka pa nthawi imeneyo. Pa ukulu wake chopanda malire Scandinavia utakwaniritsa kupambana kwakukulu mu masewera a karati, ndipo anali zilibe kanthu kumene nkhondo kunachitika: pamtunda kapena pa nyanja. Iwo anali kumenyana m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo kwambiri Africa lapansi. Osati Europe wakhala iwo m'bwalomo nkhondo. pamaso pawo amatchuka ndi anthu a Africa North.

Bwino ndi zikuperekedwa

Scandinavians anali kumenyana ndi mitundu yoyandikana nayo, osati chifukwa cha ulimi ndi patsogolo - iwo zochokera watenganso dziko midzi yake. Viking zida ndi zida chokongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa ulemerero. Apa apa ndipo anasonyeza luso lawo ndi talente imodzi ya osema. Pakali pano, zikhoza adati izi ndi malo amene mokwanira kwambiri awulule luso lawo. Kukhala mu amdera lawo strata Viking zida, zithunzi imakhudza ngakhale amisiri ano anasonyeza zithunzi lonse. Kodi kale akulankhula za asilikali zida za thupi mitundu chapamwamba ndipo ndi chiyambi mfulu.

Kodi zida za Scandinavia?

Zida ankhondo ankasiyana malingana za chikhalidwe cha eni ake. Ankhondo a m'banja lachifumu anali malupanga ndi mitundu yonse ya mosiyanasiyana ndi nkhwangwa. Chida Viking m'munsi makalasi ali makamaka ananena mauta ndi mikondo ing'onoing'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

chitetezo Features

Ngakhale zida kwambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa m'masiku amenewo zambiri sanathe ntchito yake zofunika, chifukwa pa nkhondo ya Scandinavia anali ndi mdani wake kukhudzana otero. Viking Udindo chitetezo chishango ku nkhondo anali, monga zida zina anali mtengo kwa aliyense msilikali. Kumatetezera makamaka pa kuwaza chida. Ambiri a iwo anali akuluakulu wozungulira zishango. awiri awo imodzi mita. Iye anateteza wankhondo kuyambira maondo kuti chibwano wake. Kawirikawiri mdani mwadala anathyola chishango kuti kumana Viking chitetezo.

Kodi chishango kwa Scandinavia?

chishango chinali matabwa wandiweyani 12-15 cm, nthawi zina ngakhale ndi zigawo angapo. Iwo ananamizira pakati mwapadera analenga wosanjikiza zomatira ndipo kawirikawiri anali matailosi wamba. Pakuti wamkulu chishango mphamvu pamwamba TACHIMATA chikopa kupha nyama. M'mbali mwa mapanelo anali analimbitsa ndi mkuwa kapena chitsulo mbale. The Center amapereka chishango bwana - ndi semicircle ya chitsulo. Iye kumbuyo dzanja lake Viking. Dziwani kuti kukhala ndi chishango choterechi manja ake, ngakhale pa nkhondo, anali mphamvu si kuti aliyense. Kamodzi ikuonetsa wodabwitsa kukula kwa thupi ankhondo a nthawi imeneyo.

Viking chishango - chitetezo chabe komanso mogometsa

Kuti wankhondo pa nkhondo sakanakhoza kuitaya chishango, ntchito lamba yopapatiza, utali umene zikhoza kusintha. Iye Ufumuyo mkati mwa chikopa pa m'mbali zosiyana. Ngati ndi kotheka, ntchito ina chishango chida mosavuta kuponya kumbuyo. Monga zinalili pa kusintha kwa.

Ambiri utoto zishango anali wofiira, koma panali komanso osiyana kwambiri utoto, zovuta zomwe kudalira luso la mmisiri wa.

Koma ngati zonse anabwera kuchokera nthawi zakale, chishango mawonekedwe zikusintha. Ndipo pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XI. asilikali ankatchedwa zishango amondi woboola amene akutsutsana isiyana akalambula ake mu mawonekedwe a wankhondo kuteteza pafupi kwathunthu kwa m'ma ng'ombe. Iwo wolemekezeka kwambiri ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa precursors lapansi. Komabe, iwo anali kovuta nkhondo pa zombo, ndi inachitikira ndi kawirikawiri, choncho kufalikira chapadera Scandinavia sanapeze.

chisoti

Mutu wankhondo chisoti ambiri kulimbikitsa. Mtundu wa mng izo anapanga magulu atatu akulu akulu: 1 - Getsi lakutsogolo, 2 - kuchokera mphumi kwa nape wa khosi, lachitatu - kwa khutu. Maziko ili gawo 4 Ufumuyo. Pamwamba (kumalo kumene kuli ndizi mipiringidzo) anali lakuthwa kwambiri kukwera. wankhondo nkhope chigoba pang'ono kutetezedwa. Yomatidwa chisoti kumbuyo unyolo ukonde otchedwa barmitsa. Pakuti kugwirizana chisoti ntchito rivets wapadera. Kuyambira mbale yaing'ono zitsulo kupanga Chigawo - chikho zisoti.

Chisoti ndiponso chuma chawo

Pa chiyambi cha X m'ma Scandinavia anali zipewa wa mawonekedwe conical, ndipo pofuna kuteteza anthu anatumikira molunjika mphuno mbale. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi zipewa chimodzi-chidutswa ndi chibwano anamangirira. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti mkati minofu linali lofika ndi rivets kapena akalowa chikopa. Nsalu Liners kuchepetsedwa mphamvu mmene kumutu.

asilikali wamba ayi zisoti. Mitu yawo zisoti anapanga ubweya kapena kuteteza khungu lakuda.

Zipewa anali eni olemera ndi zokongoletsa ndi zolemba akuda pa iwo kuzindikira asilikali omenyana. Zipewa ndi nyanga, amene muli mbiri, n'zochepa kwambiri. Mu nthawi ya Scandinavia, iwo nacho ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.

makalata

The Scandinavia yaitali ya moyo wake ku nkhondo ndipo adadziwa kuti kuvulala zambiri chofuna ndi mankhwala sizinali nthawi zonse oyenerera kuti anakopeka kafumbata ndi septicemia, ndipo nthawi zambiri imfa. N'chifukwa chake zida anathandiza kuti apulumuke chilengedwe nkhanza, koma kukwanitsa amavalira mu VIII-X zaka zambirimbiri. ndikanathera ankhondo olemera okha.

Chainmail ndi manja yochepa yaitali ntchafu anali mu VIII m'ma Scandinavia.

Zovala ndi zida za magulu osiyanasiyana anali zimasiyana. asilikali wamba Pofuna kuteteza chikopa jekete ndipo adasoka fupa, ndiyeno mbale zitsulo. zamphepo awa anali angwiro akhoza Chaseta nkhonyayo.

gawo wofunika kwambiri

Kenako, kutalika kwa makalata unyolo chawonjezeka. Mu XI mu. apansi anali amacheka kuti ali kalikiliki aŵiri ndi okwera pa. Unyolo makalata anali ovuta kwambiri m'madera - ndi khumudwitsidwa kutsogolo ndi zapamadzi, amene amathandiza kuteteza m'munsi nsagwada ndi pakhosi wankhondo. kulemera kwake kunali 12-18 kg.

The Scandinavia tili osamalitsa kuti unyolo mail, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimadalira moyo wa wankhondo. zovala zoteteza anali a mtengo wapatali, choncho sikuti nkhondo ndi sanataye. chainmail zambiri cholowa.

Lamellar zida

Tiyeneranso kudziŵika ndi lamellar zida. Iwo analowa mu nkhokwe ya Viking anawazunza, pambuyo Middle East. Chotero zida mbale zachitsulo-lamellae. Iwo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo zigawo, chophimba pang'ono za wina, ndi olumikiza pachingwe.

Palinso Viking zida monga bracers mkombero ndi leggings. Amachita n'kupanga zitsulo, m'lifupi omwe - 16 mm. Iwo adam'yang'anitsa ndi zomangira zikopa.

lupanga

Lupanga ali ndi malo lalikulu mu nkhokwe za Scandinavia. Icho chiri choona angatsutse. Asilikali sikudakhala chabe chida, onyamula imfa ndi mdani, komanso mzanga wabwino, atetezedwe zamatsenga. Scandinavia zinthu zina zonse chofunika kuti amaona nkhondo, koma lupanga - ndi nkhani yosiyana. Iwo amagwirizana ndi nkhani ya osiyanasiyana, izo zinapita ku mibadwomibadwo. Wankhondo anatenga lupanga monga mbali yofunika ya iye yekha.

Manda a asilikali zambiri Viking zida. Kumanganso amatilola bwino view wapachiyambi.

Pa chiyambi cha Viking Age unatengera kulipira wakhala ambiri, koma pa nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito miyala apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ng'anjo kukulitsa, kunakhala kotheka kutulutsa masamba amene anali cholimba ndi mosavuta. mawonekedwe tsamba komanso anali osiyana. Pakatikati yokoka ali ankatembenukira kwa khasu ndi tsamba ku mapeto a zikuchepa mwapang'ono. chida Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti ntchito mwamphamvu ndi molondola nkhonya.

-Kawiri konsekonse malupanga ndi mikono wolemera anachita mwambo chida olemera Scandinavians, ndi kunkhondo sanali othandiza.

The VIII-IX mu. pa Viking malupanga kuoneka Wachifulanki nyemba. Iwo wakuthwa mbali zonse, ndipo molunjika tsamba m'litali, tapering ku nsonga anamaliza, anali zosakwana mita. Ichi chimapereka chifukwa kuti zimenezi ndi chida komanso oyenera kudula.

Hilt malupanga anali a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ali hilts osiyana ndi mawonekedwe mutu. Zokongoletsa kwa manja ntchito siliva ndi mkuwa mu nthawi oyambirira, komanso Ndalama.

Mu IX ndi X zaka tiziwalondoloza chokongoletsedwa ndi chokongoletsera malata ndi mkuwa n'kupanga. Kenako mu kanjedza pa chogwirira angathe kuonedwa akalumikidzidwa zojambula pa mbale tini, amene kuzikongoletsa ndi mkuwa. Contours anatsindika waya mkuwa.

Chifukwa kukonzanso pakati pa chogwirira, tikuona chogwirira anapanga nyanga, fupa kapena mtengo.

Matabwa scabbard anali - nthawi zina ataphimbidwa ndi khungu. Mkati m'chimake anali azipita ndi Zipangizo zofewa, amene adakali zimatetezedwa ndi tsamba la mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Kaŵirikaŵiri namaslennaya chikopa, analimbika nsalu kapena ubweya.

Anasunga Viking zojambula kutipatsa ife lingaliro mmene kuvala scabbard. Poyamba, iwo anali mu gulaye slung pa phewa lake lamanzere. Kenako zitsulo m'chimake Anapachikidwa pa lamba m'chiuno.

Achisaxon

Cold Viking zida akhoza kuimira ndi wa Saxon. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati pa nkhondo komanso chuma.

Sachs ndi mpeni ndi nkhwangwa yotakata, limene tsamba lili lakuthwa mbali imodzi. Onse a Saxon, kuweruza ndi zotsatira za zofukulidwa akhoza kugawidwa mmagawo awiri: yaitali, amene kutalika ndi 50-75 cm, ndi lalifupi kutalika 35 masentimita akhoza amanena kuti yotsirizira ndi zinachitika wa daggers, ambiri amene ali ambuye ano andzesera udindo wa. zosemasema.

nkhwangwa

Zida wakale Scandinavia - nkhwangwa. Inde, ambiri a asilikali anali olemera, koma panali chinthu choterocho mu chuma chilichonse. Dziwani kuti monga mafumu iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhondo. Chogwirira cha nkhwangwa ndi 60-90 masentimita ndi akadaulo - 7-15 masentimita Komabe, iye anali wolemera kwambiri ndipo analola kuti akamagwiritsa pa nkhondo ..

Viking zida, nkhwangwa "ndi ndevu", makamaka ntchito ku nkhondo nyanja, monga iwo anali protrusion lalikulu pansi pa tsamba ndi zazikulu yogonera komweko.

A malo apadera ayenera kutenga nkhwangwa ndi chogwirira yaitali - nkhwangwa. Nkhwangwa tsamba akhoza kukhala 30 cm, kusamalira -. 120-180 masentimita Nzosadabwitsa kuti ankakonda kwambiri chida cha Scandinavia kwenikweni m'manja mwa wankhondo wamphamvu, iye anakhala chida yoopsa kwambiri, ndi maonekedwe ake ochititsa kaso yomweyo kuchichepetsa ndi makhalidwe a mdani.

Viking Zida: chithunzi, osiyana, makhalidwe

The Scandinavia ankakhulupirira kuti chida ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Tinasunga kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo munaupereka kwa anthu. Asilikali ndi chuma ndi udindo nkhwangwa, ndi nkhwangwa chokongoletsedwa chokongoletsera, mfulu ndi sanali akakhala zitsulo.

Nthawi zina akufunsa funso: kodi waukulu Viking chida - lupanga kapena nkhwangwa? Ankhondo mwangwiro katswiri mitundu ya zida, koma kusankha wakhala kwa Scandinavia.

mkondo

Viking Zida simungathe kulingalira popanda mkondo. Malinga ndi nthano sagas, asilikali kumpoto kwambiri analemekeza mtundu uwu zida. mikondo kupeza sikutanthauza ndalama zapadera, monga ndodo kupanga okha, ndi nsonga savuta popanga, ngakhale maonekedwe osiyana ndi cholinga ndipo sanafunikire kwambiri wa zitsulo.

Mkondo akhoza zida wankhondo onse. Kukula yaing'ono chololera kusunga ngati awiri chimanjamanja. Kugwiritsa mkondo makamaka nkhondowo pafupi, koma nthawi zina monga kuwaza chida.

Makamaka m'pofunika kukhala pa nsonga mikondo yawo. Poyamba mikondo Viking anali adagadabula kupanga Lancet, machitidwe amene ndi lathyathyathya ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono korona ang'ono. M'litali -. masentimita 20 60 zina anakumana mkondo adagadabula m'njira zosiyanasiyana tsamba-mmwamba triangular mu gawo mtanda.

Scandinavia kumenyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo gunsmiths ntchito mwaluso chida cha zinthu mdani mu ntchito yawo. Viking Zida zaka 10 zapitazo kakusintha kusintha. Mikondo anali nazonso. Achita wamphamvu chifukwa mphamvu mu kusintha kwa Tuglie ndipo anali abwino kwambiri kwa ramming.

Ungwiro kukhala mkondo Ndipotu, panalibe malire. Yakhala mtundu wa luso. Asilikali ambiri anakumana choncho osati pa nthawi yomweyo anaponya mkondo ndi manja onse awiri, koma mum'chotse pa ntchentche ndi kulitumiza ilo mmbuyo kwa mdani.

amathamangira

Chothetsera pa mtunda wa pafupifupi 30 mamita izo zinayenera kukhala zida wapadera wa Scandinavia. Dzina izo - amathamangira. Watsala angathe kuchotsa zida zambiri chachikulu ndi mwaluso wankhondo. Izi opepuka zisanu phazi mkondo. Nsonga iwo angakhale ngati makope yachibadwa ya harpoon aliyense zimenezi, koma nthawi zina anakumana unayambika chifukwa dvushipnoy mbali socketed.

anyezi

Sizachilendo mu Viking zida zaka zambiri chopangidwa kuchokera pa chidutswa umodzi wa Elm, phulusa kapena yew. Izo ntchito kumenyana chapatali. Mivi kwa tiweramitse mpaka masentimita 80 m'litali anapangidwa kuchokera mitengo birch ndi paini, koma osati akale. nsonga lonse amapangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi mchira wapadera zinkapezeka ku Scandinavia Boom.

gawo matabwa cha kutalika uta angafikire mamita awiri, ndipo bowstring zambiri tsitsi nsalu. Panafunika gulu lalikulu ntchito zoterezi chida, koma kuti ndi ulemerero wa ankhondo Scandinavia. Muvi kugunda mdani pa mtunda wa mamita 200. The Scandinavia ntchito mauta osati kanthu nkhondo, chifukwa ndi arrowheads anali anthu osiyana kwambiri, anapatsidwa cholinga chawo.

gulaye

Ichinso kuponya zida Scandinavia. manja awo kuti si zovuta, monga panali muyenera chingwe kapena kachingwe chikopa inde "mchikuta", amene anaikidwa mwala wozungulira mawonekedwe. A okwanira miyala anasonkhana pa ankafika pa gombe. Kamodzi mmanja mwa wankhondo aluso amatha kutumiza mwala gulaye kugunda mdani mamita mazana angapo kuchokera Viking. Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya zida ndi yosavuta. kumalekezero a chingwe anali ananamizira m'dera la dzanja la wankhondo, ndi zina unachitikira mu dzanja lake. Gulaye zimayenda, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha motsatana, ndipo pa mkulu decompress nkhonya. mwala anaulukira ku malangizo anapatsidwa, ndi kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani.

Viking zida ndi zida zonse anali mu dongosolo monga anazindikira ngati mbali okha ndipo anazindikira kuti anali kwa iye chifukwa cha nkhondo zimatengera.

Mosakayikira, zida zonse anathandiza Scandinavia kupambana ulemerero wa ankhondo losagonjetseka, ndipo ngati adani adawopa zida za Scandinavians kwambiri, eni okha anam'chitira mwaulemu kwambiri ndi Mokoma, nthawi zambiri mayina. zosiyanasiyana zida nawo nkhondo yoopsayo, munaupereka natumikira monga chitsimikizo kuti msilikali wamng'ono kukhala wolimba mtima Malingana ndi nkhondo.