Zikho "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow" (chithunzi)

Nkhondo Moscow mu Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo kukumbukira Russian anthu losaiwalika. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti poyamba sankadziwa kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko la Germany akhoza wogonjetsedwa. Hitler, ndi adani a Moscow unali wofunika kwambiri limene limasonyeza kuti chigonjetso wonse pa Soviet Union. Chifukwa, icho chinali chiyambi cha kugwa kwa Wehrmacht. Onse amene anatsogolera likulu la dziko lathu, onse asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba, asonyeza kudzipereka ungwazi ndi kukana mtima. Zikho "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow" anali anthu amene olimba ndi kulimba akhala chopinga mu njira ya Nazi kugonjetsa dziko lapansi.

Poteteza Moscow

Nkhondo ya Moscow ali conventionally kugawidwa mu magawo awiri: kumbuyo ndi zokhumudwitsa.

Mbiri poyambira nkhondo chifukwa likulu la Soviet Union, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, tsiku loyamba la chitetezo cha Moscow - izi ndi 30 September 1941. kuwerengetsa imachitika pambuyo German asilikali amanyansidwa anayamba, codenamed "Mvula ya mkuntho" motsogozedwa Bryansk ndi Vyazma. Kumenyana adalemera. Ndi zomvetsa katundu mdani ulendo wake ku njira Volga-Moscow ndipo anaima pa kumalire a kum'mwera kwa mzinda wa Kashira. Pafupi kwa Moscow, iye sakanakhoza kubwera.

City chitetezo anaima anthu ake. Ngakhale m'chilimwe inakhalapo magulu 12 ndi 56 mongodzipereka battalions amene anapita kuteteza likulu. Komanso, monga mwa GKO lamulo la 12 September 1941, ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri kuzungulira Moscow. The chitetezo chachikulu yokutidwa mzinda semicircle, umene unali mtunda wa makilomita 20 kuchokera mumzinda. Powonjezera ndi chitetezo ndiponso mu mzinda Mwachitsanzo m'dera la Munda mphete ndi kulambalala sitima. Komanso, wokonzeka zong'ambika zokonzera zida zowonongeka ndi zida. nyumba zonsezi amatchedwa Moscow kumbuyo zone, nawapatsa kuteteza mutu wa Moscow usilikali District, General PA Artemyev Mu chiyambi chake pambali mbali asilikali a mzinda asilikali, malo magawano limaitana anapanga asilikali.

Moscow kuukira

Kutetezedwa yaitali amunamuna wa Moscow analola kumangitsa ndi kulimbikitsa nkhokwe ya. Ndipo pa December 5 chaka chomwecho anayamba opareshoni amanyansidwa ndi amadzibisa atatu: Kalinin, Western ndi South-Western. Mtsogoleri wa isanayambike awa anasankhidwa General wa Army GK Zhukov. Pakuti khamu German anali anadabwa wathunthu. Pa nthawiyi, adani anali kwambiri wotopa kumenyana zonse mosalekeza. Komanso, chifukwa zinthu ovuta nyengo ndi chakudya kwa zida asilikali a German wosweka, zimene zinachititsa kuti mthunzi wa.

The mthunzi wa achifasizimu ku Moscow, limodzi ndi zomvetsa lolemera onse amuna ndi zida ndi zipangizo. Ndi chiyambi cha January 1942 mzere wakutsogolo anakankhira mmbuyo ku Moscow, mtunda wa makilomita 250 kuposa kuopseza adani yathetsedwa.

Mpaka tsopano amanyansidwa pafupi Moscow, umene mwakuchita GK Zhukov, anaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba a asilikali. Mkulu Patapita nthawi analandira Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow", komanso zina zambiri gulu wamba ya nkhondo. mphoto Izi zinali zodzaza kulimba mtima kwawo ungwazi pomenyera ufulu wa kwawo.

Mbiri ya Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow"

Malipiro zokometsera wa Moscow June 29, 1943, anaganiza kukhazikitsa ndalama umafunika. Udindo chitukuko anaikidwa intendant wa Red Army, msilikali General PI Drachov Pa malamulo ake, gulu luso wakhala analenga, amene ali July 12 anapereka ochepa okonzeka zopangidwa kutisokoneza. July 15, 1943, zina zachidule amenewa anagonjera kuti amuone ndi Stalin. Koma pa nthawi ya chisankho chomaliza analandidwa. Komabe, mu January 1944, ntchito pa Mendulo sewero inayambanso. Chomaliza pamapeto ake khama kwambiri ndi amisiri Moskalev Ni ndipo Romanov EM Pakutha January kale ndinali wokonzeka asilikali yomaliza ya Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow".

Kusintha ndi chiyanjo cha maonekedwe chomaliza cha mphoto

Pambuyo chitsanzo mayeso, anapanga zitsulo engraver Sokolov Na, anayambitsa kusintha mu maonekedwe a mphoto ya:

• poyamba kuyembekezera pa maziko a linga Kremlin kuyika gulu la zokometsera wa Moscow, koma m'malo ndi thanki ndi asilikali mwa zida zake,
• yafupika kukula kwa mzikiti ya kumanga ka Boma,
• mu ngodya kumanzere kuika chithunzi cha ndege zouluka.

Choncho chinapezeka komaliza mphoto baji Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow", ndi chithunzi chimene timasonyeza ukulu wake ndi chofunika.

Deti la chiyanjo cha mphoto izi 1 May 1944.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a wolemba Mendulo wojambula Moskalev Ni, ntchito pa mphoto imeneyi, adayamba kale dongosolo boma la utsogoleri dziko, mu chaka cha 1941. Ndiyeno panali owononga kuti ntchito ya likulu. Kenako, sewero ichi chinali chiyambi cha winayo mphoto chizindikiro - dongosolo la Ulemerero umene unalinso anayamba Moskalev.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati Mendulo munthu

Umafunika chizindikiro chinali mkuwa, kuzungulira mawonekedwe ndi awiri a 32 mm. The obverse (otchedwa kutsogolo nkhope ya chizindikiro chilichonse mphoto) chimasonyeza Kremlin khoma. Kumbuyo kwake ndi denga ozungulira nyumba boma ndi mbendera imagwedeza la Soviet Union. Mu Pachithunzipa wa pedestal kuti ngwazi, amene masiku akale, anamasula mzinda - Minin ndi Pozharsky. Kenako - ndi zokometsera likulu pa thankiyo zida. Mu ngodya lamanzere la ndege tikuona pamwamba pa mawu akuti "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow", ndi pa n'zosiyana wa Mendulo kupereka kwa Kuteteza Moscow mwina kuwerenga "Pakuti Mama athu Soviet".

Amene anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow"?

Malinga ndi chigamulo Boma, mphoto ayenera kulandira zokometsera zonse likulu:

• asilikali mphamvu zonse zida nawo nkhondo chifukwa Moscow si zosakwana 1 mwezi mu nthawi kuchokera 19.10.41 pa chaka 25.01.42,
• wamba za mudzi ndi dera, amene anamanga chitetezo ndi kukonza zida za nkhondo, komanso mwachindunji nawo nkhondo nagonjetsa kudziteteza osachepera 1 mwezi mu nthawi yomweyi - kuchokera 19.10.41 pa 25.01.42, pa
• asilikali ndi anthu wamba - ophunzira mwakhama chitetezo cha likulu mu nthawi ya ku 07.22.41 pa chaka 25.01.42,
• zigaŵenga zankhondo amene anali kumenyana mu dera Moscow.

Komanso, ulemu uwu unaperekedwa kwa asilikali amene anamasulidwa mzinda wa Tula.

Zosintha zotheka kuti maonekedwe a Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow"

Monga amadziwika, ndi mphoto anapatsidwa panthawi ya nkhondo, ndipo pambuyo kutha. Chitsanzo okwana zisungidwe, koma kusintha anali opangidwa amene ankasiyana mphoto usilikali ndipo pambuyo nkhondo embodiments anapatsidwa

• eyelet mendulo, omwe anapangidwa nkhondo ndi soldered maziko, ndipo ziwiri wosanjikiza Mzere, olemera,
• mu chitsanzo pambuyo nkhondo khutu unatsanuliridwa pamodzi ndi Mendulo munthu, kuletsa anali limodzi wosanjikiza, zotayidwa.

kudziwa mfundo

Munthu woyamba amene anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow", anali Iosif Stalin. Iye anali kupereka 7/20/44, ndipo analandira lolingana satifiketi chiwerengero 000001.

Isanafike January 1, 1995 okwana Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow" walandira zosachepera anthu za 1,028,600. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti achinyamata oposa zikwi makumi awiri anapatsidwa ndi Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow".

Kuvala Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow" kumanzere kwa pachifuwa (kumene mtima ukugunda, kwa Moscow - mitima ya dziko lathu). Ngati pali mendulo ena, kuti "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow" ayenera kukhala ndi mphoto zotsatirazi ndi Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Leningrad".

Zina amatchulidwa mbiri mphoto mabuku chokaniora Moscow, koma kuchititsa mawu pachithunzichi. Order sanachitepo, ndipo apo panali mphoto Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Moscow".