Zokolola za mbatata 1 ha. mbatata kupanga luso. Cultivars (chithunzi)

Mtengo wa zomera kuti Russia ndi zovuta Musaone. Mbatata - kwambiri ankadya masamba mu dziko lathu. 120-130 makilogalamu pa munthu pa chaka - chithunzi kwambiri, ndipo kwa kupanga mbatata, ndife yokha China. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe njira kuti bwinobwino zipangitsa chitetezo chakudya cha dziko.

Mbatata ku Russia

Imodzi mwa mbali ya mbatata kupanga wathu ndi predominance wa minda payekha, mwamwambo yodziwika ndi dzuwa ake otsika chifukwa cholowa mkulu wa ntchito yamanja.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi kumufotokozera kukhala lalikulu mbatata kupanga, kusonyeza apamwamba lochuluka kwambiri chifukwa n'zotheka ntchito njira zamakono ndi sayansi ofotokoza mfundo feteleza.

China khalidwe la zaka zaposachedwapa ndi kuchepetsa m'dera pambali kwa kulima mbatata. Koma kuchuluka kwa zokolola pamene kulola azilipira kwathunthu kwa kuchepa kwa malo kubzala.

Komabe, kuti andipeze ndi maiko otukuka, tiyenera kuwonjezera mlingo watsopano wa zokolola kuposa kawiri. Si zophweka, chifukwa kuchuluka mpikisano, ndi mitengo mafuta mkuuka mofulumira m'misika ulimi.

Komanso, mwachizolowezi, kumbuyo makampani mmene kukumana. Zonsezi zinachititsa chakuti opanga kwambiri kupita ofooka, sanathe kulimbana ndi mpikisano, ndi zina amakakamizidwa kuti aganizire za kuwonjezeka kupanga dzuwa.

Russia ndi mtsogoleri makolo mu mawu kupanga mbatata aakulu, wobala 11% ya zokolola lonse. Choncho 70-80% ya mankhwala mu maonekedwe ake yaiwisi amapita ku mowa payekha.

Industrial processing mu Russia ndi bwino kwambiri anayamba, osati choposa peresenti ochepa. Malinga Zoneneratu, ndi kusokonekera lotsatira malonda mbatata mu Russia amagwirizana ndi kukula kwa processing masamba.

The mbatata tizirombo Waukulu

Colorado mbatata kachilomboka - mmodzi wa mbatata tizirombo chachikulu. Pa ziwembu yaing'ono naye akulimbana pamanja kusonkhanitsa kafadala, zikwa ndi mphutsi mu chidebe cha palafini, formalin kapena brine amphamvu. M'madera a lalikulu ntchito 80% ethyl Diloram kapena trichlorfon. Nthawi yabwino mankhwala mankhwala - chiyambi cha kubalana wa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu zaka larval.

Mbatata chotupa nematode zambiri akuukira mbatata. mphutsi ake zoipa ndi mizu ndi zikhawo zomera. Nematode cysts ziri mu dziko lapansi, mu mizu mbatata, ndipo ali pa mazira 200-1000 uliwonse. Kunja, zomera amayang'ana kudwala nthawi yomweyo, masamba m'munsi kufa, ndipo ena mwamsanga kufota. The cysts kupulumuka kwa zaka 10 kapena kuposa. Webusayiti kachilombo zambiri kutsatira miyezo kwaokha, osati nakulitsa nyemba, mbewu ndi masamba mpaka zaka zinayi. Tizilombo Control salola ntchito kachilombo mbewu ndi zipangizo ntchito m'thaka.

Wireworms - mphutsi za kafadala pitani, kuwononga mizu ndi zikhawo. Pofuna iwo kukonza misampha, kupanga gulu laling'ono la udzu m'munda. Anasonkhanitsa kafadala, amene kenako anawononga. thandizo wabwino ndi Kupalira ndi zofunika kwambiri kuwononga bedi.

Mole Cricket - lalikulu tiziromboti bulauni, kukonza zisa pa akuya 10-15 cm tizilombo Izi adya zonse: mizu, ndipo zimayambira, ndi zikhawo, komanso mbewu ndi zina zamasamba muzu .. Kuthana ndi m'pofunika kukumba nthaka kugwa kwa akuya masentimita osachepera 25. Athandiza ngati nyambo ku manyowa. Nthawi chiwonongeko choopsa cha nthaka ntchito benzofosfat.

polimbana ndi tizirombo mbatata ayenera kukhala cholinga cha onsewa mu kulima ake, mukatero akhoza kutaya mbewu yanu yonse.

mbatata profitability

Ngati inu aganyali kupanga rubles 80 chikwi, inu mukhoza kutenga zokolola za mbatata 1 ha kuchuluka kwa matani 20. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi dera limodzi tirigu adzatha kusonkhanitsa matani 7-8 kokha, kumene adzapereka pafupifupi 60-65 zikwi. Pakani. phindu. Pa nkhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano zokolola za mbatata 1 ha angafikire 80 T / ha, ndi ndalama, motero - rubles 800 zikwi.

Akatswiri amanena kuti m'pofunika kukula kwa 100-240% ROI mbatata. Ndondomeko malonda kupanga ake ayenera kuganizira dera la munda wa mahekitala pafupifupi 250, ndipo ndalama ndalama -. $ 7 miliyoni msinkhu, ndipo ngakhale ntchito likulu la $ miliyoni 0.5-1 pa chaka chathachi ndi profitability wa bizinesi ku Russia anakwana 40-60 %.

Malinga ndi akatswiri chomwecho pa mbatata kukula ntchito amalipira avareji zaka 5-7, ndi zotsatira wogwirizira si nthawi zonse zimasonyeza. Mu nthawi ya zochitika chofunika ndalama mwadongosolo ndi lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, Chili mtengo uli pafupifupi 300 zikwi. Yuro, planter ndalama 80 chikwi. Yuro, etc. zida Soviet ali ndi lothandiza zikhoza kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.

Koma onse inakwaniritsidwa mafakitale. Kwa minda munthu pali ziwembu ndi mlingo wochepa ndalama, koma ndi malire m'munsi.

dongosolo A malonda pa malo kunyumba

mbatata kupanga luso pa chiwembu munthu ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Kuyamba, yesani kuwerengera osachepera ndi zoyerekeza profitability wa malonda mbatata mu zochitika panopa. Chifukwa chaichi m'pofunika kudziwa mtengo woikidwiratu. Ndiye n'zomveka kuwerengera phindu masamba, anapatsidwa pafupifupi zokolola za mbatata 1 ha ndi mitengo choposa chimenechi. Pambuyo pake, kwa chiwerengero cha zopeza asanachotse ayenera deducted ku manambala wachiwiri oyamba. kuwerengetsera oyerekeza kuti 0,5 ha chiwembu adzakhala motere.

Motoblock: makasu, alimi Hiller, Mbatata	$ 700
zakuthupi kubzala	$ 600
Feteleza ndi mankhwala	$ 150
zoyendera	$ 50
Total:	$ 1,500

Motero, ndalama zonse kuyambirira zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo kuchuluka kwa 1.5 zikwi. Madola. M'chaka choyamba ndi zokolola avareji makilogalamu 200 ndi yokhotakhota, ndipo pafupifupi yogulitsa mtengo wogulira mbatata $ 0.2 pa 1 makilogalamu azipereke akhoza kuwapeza madola 2 zikwi .. Popeza luso palibe chaka chimodzi, kenako mu zaka izi mukhoza kukhala ndi zambiri yosafuna mbatata. Mtengo izo, mu kuchita, kokha limakula.

Industrial njira ya ulimi wa mbatata

mbatata luso kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono walola lero, kwambiri kumapangitsanso dzuwa la gawo kupanga mbatata. Tsopano ntchito njira mafakitale kulima ake. lingaliro limeneli mfundo zotsatirazi.

1. Volume kupanga pasadakhale, ndi kuwerengetsera zifukwa okha.
2. magawo onse khalidwe mopitirira nakhazikitsidwa pamaso kubzala.
3. Kololani linakonzedwa mogwirizana ndi dongosolo.

Zonsezi zimatheka ndi njira mafakitale ntchito, wopangidwa mwa zinthu zotsatirazi.

1. Various gulu ndi luso patsogolo kupereka ntchito yapamwamba, chifukwa minimizes mitengo ya zinthu.
2. Yogwira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana sayansi kulola pafupifupi cabe mmene nyengo siili bwino.
3. Kuchepetsa padzuwa la chinthu anthu pa chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya kupanga mwa ntchito njira ndi njira.
4. Mkulu pafupifupi mbatata zokolola zimatheka chiyambi cha zida kasamalidwe ndi ulamuliro ntchito. Mbali yofunika monga njira zamakono zomwe pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero anakonza mankhwala.

Pakali pano, pali mpata uliwonse kusamukira njira m'mafakitale mbatata. Izi ntchito ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• msika kufunika kwa mankhwala khalidwe mowirikiza kuchuluka;
• chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito zaulimi, monga msinkhu wawo luso, yafupika;
• art msika limachititsa kugula makina munda angathe kukhazikitsa ntchito njira mafakitale;
• kupezeka mwa zinthu zotsogola dziko luso amalola kuti kusintha kwa msinkhu atsopano a kulima mbatata.

Mphamvu ya njira luso sayenera zimadalira kukula kwa munda ndi kulunjika ake. Njira yothetsera vuto lalikulu la kusintha kwa njira mafakitale ayenera akuyendera pamaziko a chochitika bwino dziko ndi mayiko, komanso malangizo akatswiri kwambiri oyenerera.

Kodi kuonjezera zokolola za mbatata

Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zimakhudza zokolola za mbatata. Nawa ena a iwo.

1. Khalidwe la zinthu kubzala ayenera kukhala mkulu.
2. Mbatata nthawi zonse amaika zofuna pamwamba pa nthaka, makamaka ake mode mpweya. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti spud yake kuti muchulukitse zokolola. Ngati spud ndi kumasura ankafika kangapo pa chilimwe, ngakhale loamy nthaka si choletsa. Musaiwale nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yabwino hilling -. Pamene chomera kutalika kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 20 Pamene kukula hilling mbewu chifukwa kuwonjezera chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa tubers. Ngati ife tiphonya wochezeka nthawi imeneyi, kukula kwa zokolola amakhala zotheka ndi kuwonjezera kulemera kwa tubers.
3. Pamene chodzala mzere katayanitsidwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 90 cm.
4. Pa maluwa ndi kukula wolimba wa tubers kofunika kupereka wambirimbiri madzi a malita 10-15 pa zomera.
5. Pa maluwa ndi ikuphukira feteleza wabwino. Mfundo pa chitsamba 3-6 ga superphosphate, 4.3 ga sulphate potassium 01,03 ga nitrate ammonium kapena urea, matabwa kapena peat phulusa. Okhuta zitosi mbalame kapena mullein, kuonetsetsa mbatata apamwamba. Mtengo wa feteleza awa ndi otsika. Mwachitsanzo, mullein zikhoza kugulidwa kwa rubles 40 pa malita 5.
6. Pakuti ayambe tikulimbikitsidwa pa nthawi ya maluwa kuchotsa tchire matenda, komanso zosafunika osati profiled mbatata. Izi kuonjezera zokolola ndi 10-20% pa chaka.
7. Mu gawo la budding zothandiza kuchotsa mapesi onse maluwa, komanso kumawonjezera zokolola.

Ntchito fetereza kwa mbatata

Choyamba, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti pamene kukula kwa mbatata chimakakamiza kuuluka pafupifupi makilogalamu 50 a asafe, phosphorous makilogalamu 20 ndi makilogalamu 90 potaziyamu zachokera matani 10 a mankhwala. Choncho feteleza awa ayenera nthawi zonse inalowa mu nthaka kuti zilibe impoverish ndi mbatata akanapereka mphamvu zomuthandiza iye.

Asafe amathandiza kukula yogwira zomera, kulowa chakudya mu tubers lapansi.

Phosphorus kumawonjezera kukaniza kuti chilala, akufotokozera dongosolo muzu ndi amasonkhana wowuma tuber zimathandiza kuti yakucha awo oyambirira.

Potaziyamu amachititsa ponso chakudya mu tuber ndi, kumawonjezera kukaniza kuti weathering.

Manyowa nthaka, m'pofunika kukhala zinthu zoyenera. Pamene akusowa potaziyamu, mwachitsanzo, bwino chosakanikirana asafe. Komanso, owonjezera feteleza aliyense akhoza kuwononga zosachepera drawback ndi.

nthawi The akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza mu zigawo chapakati mu July, kumpoto - mu July ndi August, ndi kumwera - mu June.

Ntchito feteleza organic, ngakhale iwo kuonjezera zokolola kawiri, agronomists musati amalangiza chifukwa cha kuopsa matenda nkhanambo, kapena kugunda mphutsi wa May kachilomboka. ntchito bwino torfonavoznye composts.

Monga feteleza mbatata m'dzinja amalangiza patatu superphosphate (1 makilogalamu pa mamita zana lalikulu), ndipo sulphate potaziyamu (2 makilogalamu pa sq.m.).

Spring bwino manyowa mbatata ndi urea nitrate (1 makilogalamu pa sq.m.). Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta: nitrophoska 5 kg pa mamita lalikulu zana ndi NPK - 3 makilogalamu.

Bone chakudya - lingaliro wokongola wa feteleza mbatata m'dzinja Komanso bwino kukoma kwa mankhwala. Ndipo mu nthawi iyi m'pofunika manyowa panthaka superphosphate ndi Kemira mbatata, izi mosalekeza mbatata fetereza.

Podpitok cha masoka, abwino kwa mbatata, titchedwe phulusa. Kuwonjezera zodzoladzola, iye komanso kuteteza motsutsana matenda ambiri ndi lawola. Choncho ndi bwino kuyamba ndi phulusa ndi nitrophosphate, kenako tayang'anani pa zotsatira. Kugwira fetereza zoipa kwa zomera.

The mitundu yabwino ya mbatata

Pakuti kubzala bwino kutenga tubers apamwamba. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mosintha koma kuonetsetsa kukoma wabwino ndi wathanzi yokolola.

Pa kanyumba aliyense m'chilimwe pali nthawi kukhwima tchire mbatata kuti akhoza kukumba kuchokera m'ma chilimwe. Mwa mitundu oyambirira akhoza kuwasiyanitsa, monga Timo, Ariel, The Lark, Bullfinch, mwayi ndi Yapakatikati oyambirira - ndi Madam prizewinner.

Razvaristy kamodzi zosiyanasiyana otchuka ndi woyera thupi Sineglazka ali ndi kuthekera otsika ku Ulaya amati aumire.

Kwa amene amatsatira thanzi, akhoza mitundu monga Dutch Mona Lisa, Zojambula pakhoma, Roman, German Arosa, Rosario, Feloks Chifinishi Timo, Asterix analimbikitsa. Mu mitundu awa zambiri carotene, bwino masomphenya.

Ndipo, inu mosavuta kuyenda anu kukoma. Asayansi apeza kuti mitundu chokoma zili zidulo kwambiri kwa amino, nucleotides, mafuta zidulo!

Mu mpikisano kukoma yabwino Championship womwe unachitikira mitundu monga Borodyansky pinki, Bullfinch, Adretta, Aurora, The buluu, Vesnyanka, Tempe.

M'pofunikanso kuunikila zosiyanasiyana Zhukovsky. mbatata ndi wa mitundu oyambirira, kukula bwino pa otsika kutentha. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, ali ndi rind yosalala, yaitali alumali moyo, ndi kukoma kwambiri.

Bellarosa mbatata ayipanga ndi obereketsa German, akulimbikitsidwa kulima ku Eastern Europe. Ndi zosiyanasiyana atumwi, zikhoza kukumba kale pa tsiku 45. Werengani. Iye ndi opindulitsa kwambiri: mbatata azipeza 1 ha - 400 quintals!

Mtundu Bellarosa nkomwe atengeke tizirombo, osati udzafunidwa kwa chinyezi, kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala, amamera nthaka kupatula dongo lolemera, yosungirako bezutraten (93%). Iwo ali tubers lalikulu yosalala, kukoma wabwino ndi mkulu friability.

Kodi kusunga mbatata

Pamene kasungidwe mbatata Nkofunika osati kulola tubers kuvunda kapena kuyamba kumera. Choncho, ndi bwino kusunga mu ozizira ndi youma malo, zomwe Pankhaniyi bwino mpweya wokwanira.

Makamaka muyenera kusamala ndi masika, pamene tubers kutaya misa zawo, chatsika maonekedwe awo ndi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mavitamini. Panthawi imeneyi mbatata ayenera kutsatira ndipo onani zonse kuwonongeka.

mbatata ndondomeko yosungirako akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu.

1. Kwa masabata awiri, zilowerere mu yosungirako pa T ^{za +15.} Choncho pali machiritso a tuber, ndi iwo pang'ono kunja chinyezi.
2. Mpaka mapeto a mbatata yozizira, titero "tulo" kwa T bwino ^yosungirako - 3 mpaka 5 ° ^C.
3. Mkubwela kwa kasupe wa tubers kuyamba kukonzekera kumera. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha yosungirako angaukitsidwe kukhala ndi madigiri ochepa.

Mbatata - ndi breadwinner

Pali njira zimene sangathe inathetsedwa ndi mbatata kukula. Dongosolo malonda kupanga ake mu malo aang'ono (pafupifupi 0,3 mahekitala) chifukwa kasamalidwe ake ndi malonda kumafuna magawo angapo pa msika.

Choyamba, m'pofunika kukonzekera mfundo kubzala. Ndiye ndikofunikira kugwira zofunika ntchito zonse kukonzekera ndi dothi, kenako okha omwe mungapite kwa mbatata kubzala.

Ndiye kutsatira chitsanzo hilling ndi feteleza. M'pofunikanso kusamalira chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Kukolola - ndi si siteji zosavuta ntchito, atatuluka masitepe awiri otsiriza: CD ndi mapulogalamu yosungirako.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kukhala osachepera zipangizo zochepa. Yochepa imeneyi imagwira ntchito, kuposa zonse, mini-thalakitala. The zida ayenera kumasulira ndi Ridger kulima. Kumene, ayenera kukhala thupi thalakitala. Musaiwale kuti mugule zipangizo zamakono kuti kukumba. Iwo ayenera Ufumuyo kwa mini-thalakitala.

Bwino kuganizira wina chidwi mwatsatanetsatane: kuchapa zouma ndi mwaukhondo mmatumba mbatata anagulitsa pa msika pafupifupi kawiri mtengo kuposa chosokonekera, mopupuluma yodzaza mu mwachizolowezi matumba imvi ndi wosaoneka.

Poganizira zimenezi, mukhoza kwambiri kuonjezera ndalama zawo, osati chifukwa cha chinthu atanyamula mbatata awo. N'zotheka kukonza ma CD zokongola kukonzekera mbatata ndi opanga ena. N'zotheka, mfundo, kumanga bizinesi.

Izi litsatidwe zinthu zina:

• mpaka kalekale madzi;
• muli lalikulu kutsuka mbatata;
• chipinda kumene akhoza zouma;
• mwaunyinji;
• matumba kwa ma CD ndi kuwanena.

Kotero, zikhoza kutheka kwa bungwe lanu kwa malonda zikande mbatata ndi kupanga phindu.