Kusintha Speransky

kusintha Speransky anakhala chimake chenicheni cha kusintha boma chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Alexander I. mwana wa wansembe yosavuta m'mudzimo, anaika kwambiri ntchito kuti akhale loya odziwika ndi kupanga ntchito dizzying utsogoleri.

Mu 1807 Speransky kale anali mmodzi wa anthu pafupi ndi mfumuyo, pafupifupi zokambirana tsiku naye, kukambirana ntchito kusintha. view wake ankakonda zoopsa kwa Alexander I kusankha ofuna boma. Iye anali otsutsa amene amakhulupirira kuti iye ali ndi chifuniro cha mfumu, ndipo iye amayang'anira Russia. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti basi, ngakhale ndi luso kwambiri, tsatirani malangizo a Alexander I. maganizo Political Speransky kusiyana ndi wosadalirika mofanana maganizo a mfumu yekha. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo ankafuna kuti apange Russia dziko moona European, ndi pa zina - kumvetsa kuti dziko si wokonzeka kusintha kwambiri. Speransky, monga kuonera Napoleon ndi malingaliro ake ankakhulupirira kuti m'dziko ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu amakakamizidwa N'zosachita kufunsa za ufumu weniweni. Komabe, iye ankadziwa kuti ngati kwambiri kuthetsa wamba funso yochepa mphamvu autocratic mfumu, kotero zinthu mosamala kwambiri.

Zokha lisinthe Speransky ndi kugonjera mfumu anali kokha mu 1809. Mapolojekiti atsopano, iye ananena kuti chifukwa kusintha kuti anagwedeza Europe, kukonza Russia sangathe anachedwa kenanso.

Kusintha Speransky makamaka nkhawa kulekana kwa angapo nthambi za boma (milandu, wamkulu, malamulo) ndi convocation wa State Duma ndi akuluakulu a boma masankho milandu. Iye ankaona yofunika kwambiri ya chilengedwe cha Council boma, lomwe chikugwirizana ndi mzake ndi ziwalo chapakati kasamalidwe pa nthaka limodzi ndi mfumuyo. kusintha Speransky Komabe, kupatsa matupi atsopano okha deliberative. Iwo alibe mphamvu pa ulamuliro mtheradi wa mfumu.

Speransky ndi kusintha wake, ankavala owolowa manja, ndithudi, sanali mbali chabe. Against iwo anali anthu olemekezeka, ndiwofatsa-apamwamba. The masinthidwe anaona kuopseza malo awo ndi autocratic dongosolo ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Mbiri komanso wolemba N. M. Karamzin, monga ideologist waukulu osafuna kusintha, anapereka kwa Mfumu cholemba imene adamfunsa iye (ndi ngakhale analimbikira) kusunga lamulo lakale, kuti potero kupulumutsa autocracy ndi serfdom.

kusintha Speransky komanso anakumana ndi kukana ya Chiwerengero A. A. Arakcheeva, pafupi Alexander I. Graf M'malo mwake, ankakhulupirira kuti owalimbikitsa mphamvu ya mfumu ndi kukhala otsatira dongosolo malamulo alipo. Kulimbana pakati osafuna kusintha ndi olekerera inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa otsiriza. ideologue awo anachotsedwa amchigulu, ndi ku ukapolo.

kusintha Speransky akuyendera nkhani chimodzi chokha mu 1810, anakhazikitsa Council boma. Amakhala ndi atumiki ndi akuluakulu ena ku mathero a mfumu yekha. Ntchito ya Bungwe la State inkakhala misonkhano za chitukuko cha malamulo atsopano ndi kutanthauzira kwa mfundo za malamulo atsopano. Iye ukugwira ntchito yogawa ndalama pakati pa utumiki wa, Atumiki kuwunikira malipoti kwa chaka, pamaso kuipereka kwa mfumu. ntchitozo zimasungika kwa Bungwe la State mpaka 1906.

Ambiri, kukonza kucitika mu dziko kuyambira 1802 ndi chaka 1811 sanasinthe chikhalidwe cha zawo pandale. M'malo mwake, iwo apanga boma zida zambiri centralized. Chachikulu malamulo ndi wamkulu mphamvu anali adakali mfumu.