Abram Hannibal - African agogo Russian ndakatulo

Yemwe anali agogo a wotchuka Russian ndakatulo Aleksandra Pushkina Abram Hannibal anakhala ndi moyo wautali ndi lapadera moyo. Mwana wa kalonga wolemekezeka African, iye anali kubedwa kutangoyamba anthu a ku Turkey ndipo akutengedwera ku Constantinople. Nditakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mnyamata anadza kwa Moscow ndipo anakhala ankakonda wakuda mnyamata Peter I. Pambuyo pake, anatha kupeza maphunziro abwino ndi kupanga pantchito yabwino ya usilikali, kukwera ku Mulingo wa General-mu-Chief. Abram Petrovich anapita mu mbiriyakale ya mdzukulu wake wotchuka A. S. Pushkinu, amene anadzipereka ntchito yake ya mbiri yakale "The Arap Petra Wamkulu."

Tsiku ndi malo a kubadwa kwa Hannibal

Mdima khungu ndi mdima lopotana tsitsi Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu tinatengera kwa agogo ake Abram Hannibal, yemwe anabadwa mu lakutari ndipo otentha Africa. A kholo wakuda wolemba ndakatulo chachikulu munthu modabwitsa panokha bwino Peter Wamkulu, kumvutitsa Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, ndi zina umunthu wakale wa ku m'ma XVIII. anali tsogolo la wotchuka Pushkin wamkulu-agogo chiyani? Dziwani zingakhale ndi kuwerenga mbiri yake.

Abram Petrovich Hannibal anabadwa mu zaka zomalizira za m'ma XVII. The anabadwa ndi 1696 kapena 1697. The zambiri malo Hannibal ankaona Abyssinia - dera kumpoto Ethiopia. Koma ofufuza yonena za makolo Pushkin a amakonda kukhulupirira kuti agogo ake anabadwa mu Sultanate cha Logone, yomwe ili m'malire a Cameroon ndi Chad. Mokomera maganizo amenewa amasonyeza Hannibal kalata yopita ku Mfumukazi Elizabeth, limene wotchedwa Malo a m'tawuni pobadwa mwa Logone. Komabe, sikunali kotheka kupeza umboni zopelekedwa za Baibulo mpaka lero.

Zaka zoyambirira za moyo

Pobadwa, akulu-agogo a Pushkin, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, ankavala dzina la Ibrahim. bambo ake ndi lowonekera African kalonga, amene anali ndi akazi ndi ana. Nditakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Ibrahim pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake anali anabedwa ndi Turkey ndipo anatumizidwa ku Constantinople. Pali anyamata wakuda atakhazikika ku nyumba yachifumu (seraglio) ndipo anayamba kuphika mu masamba Sultan. Ndipo amene amadziwa chimene chikanachitika, ngati mu 1705 ku Constantinople anafika Werengerani Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich ndi anawagula monga mphatso kwa Peter Wamkulu.

N'chifukwa chiyani Russian Tsar zofunika ana African, imene Russia ankatchedwa arapchatami? Peter Wamkulu ankayenda mu Europe ndi zambiri anaona mafumu a mayiko ena mu nyumba wochepa wakuda mnyamata. Wokonda zonse kunja ndi zachilendo, iye ankafuna ndipo iye anali mu utumiki wa arapchonok. Koma si aliyense, ndi kulemba ndi makhalidwe abwino. Mu deference zofuna za Peter Ine, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-ine ndinayang'ana pambuyo pa seraglio ndi abwino kwambiri kutumikira mu nyumba yachifumu ya anyamata wakuda ndipo adagula (ndi zinthu zina - anaba) pa mutu wa Seraglio. Ndi m'bale wake Ibrahim anali mu Russia.

Ubatizo, utumiki wa Peter I

M'chaka cha ofika 1705 latsopano arapchata anatengera Chikhristu mu Mpingo wa St. Paraskeva, Vilnius. Pa ubatizo wa Ibrahim anali wotchedwa Abramu ndi m'bale wake - Alex. Makolo Godfather agogo Pushkin anakhala Potr Veliky ndi mkazi wa Polish Mfumu August II, Christian Ebergardina. Patronymic wakuda mnyamata anapatsidwa dzina la Russian Tsar kuwabatiza iwo. Pambuyo mnyamata uyu African Ibrahim anakhala Abram Petrovich. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye anatenga dzina la Petrov (polemekeza Godfather), ndipo okha oyambirira 40 ntchentche za m'ma XVIII izo linasintha.

Abram Hannibal blackamoor wakhala ankakonda Peter Wamkulu. Poyamba, iye anali sender-priporozhnika (mnyamata, amene ankakhala pakhomo la kumpanda wachifumu), anakhala valet ndi mlembi wa mwayekha lapansi. Peter Ine kotero anadalira yachikuda wake kuti zinamupatsa kuteteza mabuku, mapu ndi zojambula zopezeka mu ofesi yake n'kumupatsa utumwi chinsinsi. Mu 1716, akulu-agogo a Pushkin, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, aenda kwa mambo mwa kuyenda Europe. Mu France zinali zotsimikiza kuti kuphunzira mu sukulu zomangamanga. Ataphunzira izo, Abram Petrovich anali mbali asilikali French ndipo anatenga gawo mu nkhondo ya 1718-1820 wa kota-Union, komwe adalandira bala mutu.

Woyendetsa Hannibal mu 1723, anabwerera Russia ndipo chokongoletsedwa mu Preobrazhensky Regiment, amene ali pansi pa lamulo la Peter I. chifukwa akudziwa za luso masamu, analandira ku Ulaya anakhala yoyamba m'mbiri ya Russian Army General wa akatswiri okonza. Kuwonjezera pa sayansi yeniyeni, Abram Petrovich kuwadziwa bwino mbiri ndi nzeru, anadziwa French ndi Latin, kotero anthu kuti aziwalambira munthu wophunzira kwambiri. Mwa dongosolo la Peter Pushkin wamkulu-agogo anali kuphunzitsa alonda wamng'ono, masamu ndi zomangamanga. Komanso, anauzidwa kuti kumasulira mabuku zakunja Mapu.

mu ukapolo

Service Abram Petrovich Hannibal Peter mpaka imfa yake mu 1725. Pambuyo kutha kwa yachikuda ndi Tsar anali mu mtima ndi Prince Alexander Menshikov, amene anakhala de A facto wolamulira wa dziko. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti Hannibal anadziwa zonse bwino kwambiri machimo ake ndi zinsinsi. Iye ankadziwika za zokhota ndi Prince nkhanza, ndi za ubwenzi wake wapamtima ndi Catherine I. Pofuna kuchotsa umboni oopsa, Menshikov mu 1727 amachotsa izo ku khoti ndipo anatumizidwa ku Siberia. Pofotokoza Abraham Hannibal anali zaka zoposa zitatu. Mpaka kumapeto a 1729 iye unachitikira pansi kumangidwa mu Tomsk, kupereka mwezi uliwonse chifukwa rubles 10.

Service mu Pernove

Mu January 1730 anakwera mpando wachifumu mphwanga Petra Velikogo a Anna Ivanovna. Mayiyo kuyambira ali Abram Petrovich nthawi anam'chitira bwino. The mfumukazi yatsopano zimafika chilango Hannibal ndi kumulola kuti apitirize ntchito yake yausilikali. Kuyambira January kuti September 1730, iye anali m'gulu lalikulu ku kaboma Tobolsk, kenako iye anakumbukira ku Siberia ndipo umasamutsidwa ku imapezeka Eastland mzinda Pernau (tsopano - Parnu mu Estonia). Apa Arap Petra Velikogo anapatsidwa udindo wa injiniya-mkulu. Kwa zaka 1731-1733 anatumikira monga commandant m'dera yamalinga Pernovskom ndi kuphunzitsa yopezeka pa asilikali School ochititsa (junior asilikali akatswiri) zojambula, mpanda ndi masamu. Mu 1733 Hannibal anatsanzika potchula maganizo ake ndi matenda.

Ukwati ndi Dioper

Pasanapite atasamukira Pernau Pushkin wamkulu-agogo, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu moyo wanga kuti banja. Kutsimikizira yoyamba amene kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche za m'ma XVIII anatha kusintha chachinayi zaka khumi, ..silinaona pa kupanda chidwi kwa chiwalo fairer. Hannibal zachilendo maonekedwe anakopeka kukongola Russian, komanso mabuku mu Moor moto anali kwambiri, koma konse mpaka zochitika amorous usilikali. moyo wake yoyamba unatha motalika kwambiri mpaka mapeto a 1730, pamene kukachita bizinesi ku St. Petersburg, anakumana ndi wokongola Greek mkazi Evdokia Dioper. Adasonkha mtsikana mokhudza maganizo African kukwatira ake.

Evdokia anali mwana wamng'ono wa Greek kapitawo ngalawa ku St. Petersburg Andrey Diopera amene Hannibal anayenera kukwaniritsa pa kukachita bizinesi. Achezera yaitali likulu kumpoto aikidwako, Abram Petrovich unaperekedwa kwa banja lake. Arap odzipereka mwana wamng'ono ankakonda Diopera, ndipo ukwati. Ngakhale kuti Evdokia Andreevna anali mu chikondi ndi msilikali wamng'ono Aleksandra Kaysarova ndipo akukonzekera naye, bambo ake anaganiza kuti godson a Peter ndidzakhala zabwino chipani. Kumayambiriro 1731, anakwatira mphamvu ya Abram ake Petrovich ku St. Simeon Church ku St. Petersburg. Atakwatirana banjali anapita Pernau, kumene Hannibal anatumikira. Kuti mkulu Kaisarov tisasokonezedwe pa Hannibal m'njira, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku Astrakhan.

Kusakhulupirika ndi bwalo

Kukakamizidwa ukwati chimwemwe kapena Abram Petrovich, kapena mkazi wakeyo. Evdokia mwamuna sankakonda ndi kukhulupirika iye sanasunge. Mu Pernove iye akuwonekera pa asilikali wamng'ono ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala mbuye wa m'deralo Don Juan Shishkin, amene anali wophunzira wa mwamuna wake. Mu kugwa kwa 1731 Dioper anaberekera woyera khungu ndi chilungamo tsitsi mtsikana amene sakanatha mwana wa mbadwa African Abram Hannibal. Mu Pernove, chibwenzi ku nthawi okhala 2000 chabe, nkhani ya kubadwa kwa wakuda injiniya mkulu woyera mwana anakhala kutengeka kwenikweni. Pushkin wamkulu-agogo Abram Petrovich Hannibal anagwira chipongwe kuyang'anitsitsa ndipo wakhumudwa chifukwa chifukwa cha kusakhulupirira mkazi wake. Zinali nthawi imeneyi amene analemba kalata yosiya wake, amene anapatsidwa yekha mu 1733 pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa Abram Petrovich anasamukira ku Karyakyula Manor ili pa Reval.

Hannibal asakhululukire wompereka-mkazi. Panali mphekesera zoti kuti chifundo kumumenya, anali anatsekeredwa ndi inafuna kumupha. Posafuna moyo wautali ndi Evdokia m'nyumba imodzi, anayamba chisudzulo mokweza, kumutsutsa iye chigololo. A khoti asilikali anapeza Dioper wolakwa ndipo anavomera kuti am'patse kwa Hospital bwalo, zomwe zili akaidi onse. Pali mkazi wosakhulupirika anakhala zaka 11. Ngakhale kuti Evdokia mlandu zinali, bwalo sanali anaponya kwa mwamuna wake, ndi kokha kulangidwa chifukwa cha chigololo.

ukwati yachiwiri

Ngakhale Evdokia Dioper ndinali kutumikira chiweruzo woukira boma, mwamuna wake anakwatirana kachiwiri. Zosankha Abram Petrovich anakhala mfulu ndi mfulu Swedish chiyambi Christina Regina Von Sjöberg, amene ankakhala Pernove. Iye anali wamng'ono kuposa mwamuna wake wa zaka 20. Ukwati naye Abramu Petrovich kutha 1736, m'malo mwa kupereka kalata yothetsera ukwati wa khoti asilikali, kutsimikizira mfundo za kuperekedwa kwa mkazi wake woyamba. Atakwatirana, iye anabweretsa mkazi wake kwa Manor Karyakyulu.

1743 Evdokia Dioper m'ndende ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala ndi pakati. Akwatire wokonda latsopano, iye mlanduwu wauzimu consistory pempho chilekano ndi Hannibal, amene anali anazindikira infidelities ake m'mbuyomu. Zosayembekezereka kanthu Evdokia pafupifupi ndalama Abram Petrovich ufulu ndi ntchito, chifukwa akhoza mlandu bigamy. Chilekano Kuthi chinakhalapo mpaka 1753 ndipo zinatha Hannibal mosayembekezeka bwino: anauzidwa kuti alape ndi kulipira chindapusa. Consistory anavomereza ukwati wake Hristinoy Sheberg chomveka, kuganizira wolakwa imeneyi, khoti asilikali, limene safunika tione nkhani ya chigololo popanda kukhalapo kwa Synod Woyera. Evdokia kwambiri ovutika. Chigololo anachita mwana, iye analamulidwa kuti akhale m'ndende ku Staraya Ladoga obisika kumene mpaka imfa yake.

chidzukulu

Anakwatiwa ndi Hristinoy Sheberg pa ndakatulo wamkulu-agogo anabadwa ana 11 amene anapulumuka ku wachikulire, asanu okha (Ivan, Osip, Isake, Peter, Sophia, Elizabeth ndi Anna). Ana Abrama Gannibala anamupatsa zambiri adzukulu. mwana wake Osip mu 1773 anakwatira Mariya Alekseevne Pushkin, amene zaka 2 kenako anabereka mwana wamkazi, Hope - Mayi Russian namatetule Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A khungu lakuda mwana godson a Peter Ine kwambiri mwana wake wamkulu, Ivan. Iye anali wotchuka Russian asilikali mtsogoleri ndi mkulu wa Black Sea zombo. Pa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1768-1774 Ivan analamula nkhondo ya Navarino, ndi nawo Nkhondo ya Chesma. Mu utsogoleri wake 1778 Kherson anakhazikitsidwa. Monga mukuonera, ana a Abrama Gannibala anakhala chapadera ndi woyenera ulemu kwa anthu.

Asilikali ntchito pansi Elizabeth I

Mu 1741 Abram Petrovich anabwerera ku usilikali. Nthawi imeneyi, anakwera mwana wachifumu Petra Velikogo ndi Elizabeth I, amene ankafuna Arap ndipo ndinayamba ntchito yake. Wambiri Abrama Gannibala limasonyeza kuti 1742 analandira mphatso yochokera kwa Mfumukazi Karyakyulu Manor imene iye ankakhala ndi anthu wotchuka zina zingapo. Mu chaka chomwecho, Hannibal anakwezedwa malo commandant mkulu wa Revel ndi kupereka m'mayiko yachifumu pafupi Pskov, komwe kenako anayambitsa Manor Petrovsky. Kumayambiriro 40 ntchentche za XVIII m'ma kwambiri njira imene Abram Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov anasintha dzina lake kwambiri sonorous Hannibal anatenga mu ulemu wa mkulu lodziwika bwino la Kale, amene, monga yekha, ndi a mbadwa African.

Mu 1752 iye anali kunditumiza ku St. Petersburg ku Revel Abram Hannibal. African agogo Russian namatetule apa ntchito monga wotsogolera zomangamanga gawo, ndipo kenako kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga Kronstadt ndi Ladoga njira , ndipo anakhazikitsa sukulu kwa ana a amisiri ndi antchito. Abram Petrovich analimbikitsidwa ku Mulingo wa General-mu-Chief ndipo anapuma zaka 66 zakubadwa.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa wakuda Pushkin wamkulu-agogo kuthetsedwa ndi mkazi wake m'mudzi Suyda pafupi St. Petersburg. Iye anali mwinimunda wachuma kwambiri, yomwe mwini kuposa 3 zikwi serfs. Mu Suyda Hannibal zaka 19 za moyo wake. Kudzamuona kangapo anapita Alexander Suvorov, amene ndi atate wake, Abram Petrovich anali bwenzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Malinga ndi mphekesera, iye ndiye anakopa bwenzi ake kuti aziphunzitsa mwana wake zokhudza nkhondo.

Zima 1781 pa msinkhu wa zaka 64 anamwalira Christina Sjöberg. Hannibal anapulumuka ake ndi miyezi 2 yekha, ndipo anafa April 20, 1781. Iye anali ndi zaka 85. Abram Petrovich anaikidwa kumanda m'mudzi Suyda. Mwatsoka, manda ake kuti tsiku sikuti waliteteza. Tsopano nyumba, kumene anakhala zaka wake wotsiriza, Hannibal, ndi chikumbukiro chuma chake.

Mkanganowu pa chithunzi cha Pushkin wamkulu-agogo

Sizikudziwika kuti m'nthawi yathu ankawoneka ngati Abram Hannibal. Photo ya chithunzi chake mu yunifolomu, amene akuimira mu mabuku ndiponso pa Intaneti, ofufuza potsiriza sakudziwika. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, za pa wokalamba chinsalu munthu kwenikweni yemwe anali agogo a Pushkin Abram Hannibal, pa zina - mkulu-mu-akulu nthawi ya Catherine II Ivan Møller Zakomelsky. mwanjira ina, koma chithunzi zomwe zilipo kwa khungu lakuda munthu yunifolomu ya usilikali, biographers ambiri Pushkin ndi chimodzi mwa ochepa zithunzi kupulumuka kwa Abram Petrovich.

Kukumbukira Hannibal mabuku ndi mafilimu a kanema

Abram Hannibal, Pushkin sanampeza. The lodziwika bwino Russian ndakatulo anabadwa zaka 18 pambuyo pa imfa ya agogo ake African. Alexander anali nthawi zonse chidwi ndi mbiri ya Abram Petrovich ndipo anafotokoza mmene moyo wake mu yosatha ntchito yake mbiri "The Arap Petra Wamkulu." Mu 1976, mkulu Soviet Alexander Mitta ochokera m'buku Pushkin a wachotsa filimu "The nthano za Kodi Tsar Peter Moor anakwatira". Hannibal udindo mu filimu unachita Vladimir Vysotsky.