Akasinja German "Amabereka": makhalidwe luso mayesero chipangizo, chitsanzo, chithunzi, moto. Monga zida Soviet anamulasa German thanki T-6 "Amabereka"?

Njira, amene wamanga nawo ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mbali zonse za kutsogolo, zina zambiri kuzindikira ndi "wodziwika" kuposa ophunzira ake. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi submachine mfuti wathu PCA ndi akasinja German "Amabereka". Awo "kutchuka" kutsogolo kum'mawa anali ngati kuti pafupifupi chachiwiri chitini cha mdani asilikali anaziwona izo T-6.

Mmene onse anayamba?

Ndi 1942, ndodo German Kenako, ndinazindikira kuti "mphezi nkhondo" sizinayende, koma atengera ndi kuoneka bwino udindo kumangika. Komanso, Russian akasinja T34 kuloledwa bwino kuthana ndi mbali German okonzeka ndi T-3 ndi T-4. Podziwa zonse zimenezi thanki adzaukira ndi cholinga chake mu nkhondo, Germany anaganiza kuti tikhale ndi atsopano kotheratu katundu thanki.

Mu chilungamo, tiona kuti ntchito yomangayo anali akadali mu 1937, koma zofunika 40 asilikali inkayenda kwambiri konkire. Pa ntchito ya akasinja lolemera ntchito antchito a makampani awiri: Henschel ndi Porsche. Ferdinand Porsche ankakonda kwambiri a Hitler, choncho anapanga chimodzi Kalanga kulakwitsa, kufulumira kwambiri ... Komabe, izi tikadali kulankhula.

The prototypes loyamba

Kale mu 1941 makampani Wehrmacht anapereka "kwa anthu" prototypes awiri: VK 3001 (H) ndi VK 3001 (P). Koma mu May chaka chimenecho, asilikali anapereka zofunika kusinthidwa kwa akasinja katundu, chifukwa ntchito amayenera kwambiri kupendanso.

Zinali ndiye kuti zikalata loyamba mankhwala VK 4501, lomwe limafotokoza German ake makolo katundu thanki "Amabereka". mukupanga ankafunika kupereka zitsanzo woyamba ndi May-June 1942. Chiwerengero cha ntchito akhala catastrophically mkulu, kuyambira nsanja onse Germany anagwira kachiwiri kamangidwe. M'chaka cha 1942 prototypes onse, zida ndi nsanja Friedrich Krupp AG, litapita ku "malo obisalamo Wolf a" kuonetsera luso latsopano mu kubadwa kwa Mtsogoleri wa.

wopambana mpikisano

Kunapezeka kuti magalimoto onse zofunika zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, Porsche kotero "adatengedwa" lingaliro la kukonza "magetsi" thanki kuti zinachitika ake, kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri ankadabwa kutembenuka 90 °. Ife Henschel sankafunikanso chabwino: thanki wake Movutikira akhoza anabalalitsidwa kuti chofunika 45 Km / h, koma injini chake kutenthetsa kuti pali chiopsezo weniweni wa moto. Koma Ine anapambana izo thanki iyi.

Pali zifukwa losavuta: a kamangidwe tingachipeze powerenga ndi galimotoyo mbandakucha. Thanki yomweyo Porsche anali kuipidwa ndi amafuna angapo mkuwa zikusowa kupanga, kuti ngakhale Hitler anali okonda kusiya injiniya wake wokondedwa. Ndi iye vomerezedwa ndi komiti kusankha. Icho chinali akasinja German "Amabereka" ndi "Henschel" ndipo wakhala anazindikira "ovomerezedwa."

About mwachangu ndipo zotsatira zake

Tikumbukenso kuti Porsche yokha isanayambe mayeso ankakhulupirira kuti kupambana moti analamula kuyamba kupanga popanda kuyembekezera zotsatira za kulandiridwa. Ndi kasupe wa 1942 mu zokambirana za mbewu kale anaima ndendende 90 okonzeka zopangidwa galimotoyo. Pambuyo likumira kufunika kuthetsa mayesero, kodi kuchita nawo. zokolola anapezeka - ndi galimotoyo yolimba ntchito polenga ACS "Ferdinand."

Izi mfuti kudziletsa injini anali chimodzimodzi wotchuka kuposa ngati Tikayerekeza ndi T-6. "Pamphumi" chilombo uyu sanali kuswa chilichonse, osiyanasiyana ngakhale mfundo-osalembapo ndipo kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 400-500 chabe. N'zosadabwitsa "Fyodor" Soviet oyeretsa thanki poyera woopedwa ndi kulemekezedwa. Komabe, oyenda sanagwirizane ndi iwo, "Ferdinand" analibe Inde mfuti, koma chifukwa ambiri a magalimoto 90 zinawonongedwa ndi mabomba maginito ndi mlandu wotsutsa-akasinja, "mosamala" anagona ndi ufulu pansi mayendedwe a.

Siriyo kupanga ndiponso kuukonza

Chakumapeto August chaka chomwecho thanki analowa kupanga. Oddly, koma mu nthawi yomweyo kuyesedwa anapitiriza tima wa luso latsopano. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonyeza chitsanzo cha Hitler kale nayo nthawi kuti tipite pa misewu ya polygons 960 Km. Anapeza kuti mu akhakula mtunda makina akhoza inapita patsogolo ndi 18 Km / h, ndi mmene mafuta watentha malita 430 pa 100 Km. Choncho German thanki "Amabereka" imene ili khalidwe la nkhani, chifukwa cha oposa ake anabweretsa mavuto ambiri misonkhano okwanira.

Kupanga katundu ndi mamangidwe kusintha apita mu mtolo umodzi. zinthu zambiri kunja asinthidwa, kuphatikizapo mabokosi ndi zida zosinthira. Kenaka wozungulira la nsanjayo anayamba mortars yaing'ono mwapadera kwa mabomba utsi ndi mabomba "S" mtundu. The yachiwiriyi ankafunanso kuwononga mdani oyenda ndipo anali sioneka kwambiri: kumasulidwa ku thunthu, iye anafufuma pa okwera otsika, thickly kugwa malo tulo kuzungulira thanki ndi yaing'ono mipira zitsulo. Komanso, makamaka masking makina nkhondo ena mabomba utsi NbK 39 (likungosonyeza 90 mm) anagawidwa.

Mavuto thiransipoti

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti akasinja German "Amabereka" anakhala munthu woyamba mu mbiri ya thanki magalimoto amene amaveka monga muyezo zipangizo galimoto m'madzi. Ichi chinali chifukwa misa lalikulu la T-6, amene sanalole kuti alichotse pa milato kwambiri. Izo basi kuchita, zida ndi pafupifupi osati ntchito.

zidazo anali pa msinkhu, monga mayeso zina akasinja popanda mavuto maola oposa awiri mu beseni kwambiri (ndi injini kuthamanga), koma zovuta unsembe ndi kufunika bwaloli zomangamanga akugwiritsabe ntchito dongosolo opanda pake. Mathanki okha ankakhulupirira kuti German katundu thanki T-VI ya "Amabereka" monga mwaima mu kwambiri kapena zochepa matope pansi, kotero yesetsani pachiswe ntchito "muyeso" njira ya ankawoloka mtsinje.

Ndi chidwi kuti kamodzi mitundu iwiri ya mayendedwe wakhala zithandize makina izi: yopapatiza 520 mamilimita ndi 725 mamilimita lonse. Woyamba ntchito yonyamula akasinja pa nsanja muyezo sitima ndipo ngati n'kotheka - kusuntha pansi mphamvu zake m'misewu bwalo. Mtundu wachiwiri anali nkhondowo mbozi, izo ntchito zina zonse. anali chipangizo "Amabereka" German thanki chiyani?

kapangidwe

Kamangidwe kwambiri galimoto latsopano anali tingachipeze powerenga, ndi kumbuyo MTO. Iwo ali kutsogolo lonse la unit kulamulira. Ndiko kumene ntchito inali dalaivala ndi wailesi woyendetsa, amene imodzi anali muvi, yosamalira kuwombola yachilendo makina mfuti.

The gawo pakati thanki anaikidwa pansi adalira chipinda. Anaika pamwamba pa nsanja ndi mfuti ndi mfuti ya makina, panali ntchito mkulu wa malo, gunner ndi Komatsu. Komanso linaikidwa pa zida zonse za thanki mu kumenyana chipinda.

zida

Chida chachikulu chinali mfuti KwK 36 likungosonyeza 88 mm. Iwo anayamba kupanga zochokera wathuwu odana ndege mfuti "zinthu apange" wa likungosonyeza yemweyo, amene mu 1941 molimba amalimbikitsa akasinja onse anagwirizana ndi pafupifupi mtunda. Mfuti mbiya kutalika - 4928 mm, kutenga nkhani ya kuipanikiza ananyema - 5316 mm. Kuti anali womaliza wapatali kupeza akatswiri German monga amachepetsa mphamvu amabwerera mlingo yovomerezedwa. Wothandiza manja anali 7,92 mamilimita makina mfuti MG 34.

Kusinthana mfuti ya makina, amene, monga tanena kale, analamulira wailesi woyendetsa, anaikidwa kutsogolo kwa chipinda cha. Onani kuti, mu chimphika wolamulira, anapereka ntchito amakonda kwambiri moti ankatha wina MG 34/42, amene Pankhaniyi ntchito ngati zida odana ndi ndege. Tikumbukenso kuti muyeso ichi chinali ndipo simuchita ntchito kawirikawiri dziko la Germany mu Europe.

Ambiri, ndege sakanakhoza kukana aliyense lolemera thanki German. T-IV, «Amabereka» - anali mosavuta anagwirizana ndege. Tili ndi vuto lomwelo anali osiyana kwambiri, chifukwa mpaka 1944 USSR chabe analibe stormtroopers zokwanira kuukira choopsa cha zomangamanga German.

Onsewo turret ikuchitika ndi rotator hayidiroliki, ndani anali 4 kW. Mphamvu wachotsedwa gearbox, amene anagwiritsa ntchito zida osiyana. limagwirira inali yogwira mtima kwambiri: pa liwiro nsanja pazipita imazungulira madigiri 360 mu miniti yokha.

Ngati pazifukwa zina injini nakufwa, koma ankafunika kutembenukira nsanja, ndi mathanki ankagwiritsa ntchito bukuli onsewo chipangizo. drawback ake, pambali katundu pamwamba pa ophimba, anali chakuti pang'ono tilting kasinthasintha wa mbiya kunali kosatheka.

magetsi

MTO uli ngati magetsi ndi mphamvu mafuta. Izi akasinja German "Amabereka" akutsutsana wosiyana makina athu kuti masitolo mafuta anayikidwa mwachindunji mu kumenyana chipinda. Komanso, MTO wakhala wosiyana makontena ena olimba kugawa kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo ku gulu la kukumenya mwachindunji mu chipinda engine.

Tikumbukenso kuti akasinja German ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ( "Amabereka" yotero), ngakhale kuti "mafuta" wake ulemerero "mbandakucha" si analandira. Zinali chifukwa ndendende dongosolo oyenera pa akasinja mafuta.

Kayendedwe ka galimoto awiri injini Maybach HL 210P30 650 HP kapena Maybach HL 230P45 700 HP (amene anapereka kuyambira 251-TH "Amabereka"). Motors V woboola pakati, zinayi sitiroko, yamphamvu 12. Onani kuti thanki "Panther" anali ndendende injini zofanana koma amodzi. Utakhazikika injini ndi awiri ozizira madzimadzi. Komanso, mbali zonse za injini ena mafani kusintha ndondomeko kuzirala akhazikitsidwa. Komanso osiyana Mpweya jenereta ndi utsi manifolds chaperekedwa.

Mosiyana akasinja mbadwa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kudzaza kokha mkulu amasankha petulo ndi octeni chiwerengero cha osachepera 74. thanki Four mafuta anakonza mu MTO malo malita 534 ya mafuta. Pamene galimoto pa zovuta Misewu pa wamtunda wokwana milingo zana anakhala malita 270 a mafuta, ndi pa mphambano za mlingo kuchokera msewu kuchuluka yomweyo malita 480.

Choncho, makhalidwe luso thanki "Amabereka" (German) sali ankaganiza yake yaitali "palokha" akulowera. Ngati muli nawo mwayi osachepera, dziko la Germany anayesera kuti atenge ubwenzi kunkhondo sitima ya. Choncho anatuluka mtengo kwambiri.

koyilo zofunika

Mbali anali magudumu msewu 24, amene si okha movutikira, koma anayima mizere inayi basi! Mawilo msewu ntchito matayala labala, pa ena anali zitsulo, koma ntchito dongosolo zina depreciation mkati. Onani kuti German thanki T-6 "Amabereka" anali drawback yofunika kwambiri kuti sikunali kotheka kuti athetse: Chifukwa akatundu kwambiri mkulu mofulumira kwambiri ankavala nsalu ya odzigudubuza.

Kuyambira za makina 800th pa rinks onse anayamba gulu zitsulo ndi cushioning lamkati. Pofuna wosalira ndi kuchepetsa ndalama yomanga rinks umodzi panja anali amachotsedwa polojekiti. Mwa njira, komanso mtengo ambiri Wehrmacht German thanki "Amabereka"? chitsanzo chiyambi chitsanzo chaka cha 1943 anapeza ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zikwi 600 kwa 950 tysyach Reichsmarks.

Ntchito kulamulira chowongolero, ngati njinga yamoto gudumu: pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto hayidiroliki thanki yolemera matani 56 mosavuta mochitira dzanja limodzi. Change zida kungakhale zala ziwiri basi. Mwa njira, ichi PPC thanki anali movomerezeka kunyada opanga: - (!) Robotic anayi magiya patsogolo ndi ziwiri zapitazo.

Mosiyana akasinja wathu, kumene mehvoda tingakhoze kokha kukhala munthu wodziwa kwambiri pa Luso nthawi zambiri kudalira moyo ogwira lonse pa helm a "Amabereka" akhoza kutenga iliyonse infantryman, pamaso kuyendetsa njinga yamoto osachepera. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi njira, positi mehvoda "Amabereka" chinachake chapadera suona, pamene dalaivala T-34 anali pafupifupi waukulu thanki mkulu.

Chitetezo zida

Nkhani - bokosi woboola pakati, zanyengo akupita "mu kukwera" ndi welded. Zida adagulung'undisa mapepala, ndi zina za chromium ndi molybdenum, manowa. Akatswiri ambiri modzudzula "bokosi woboola", "Amabereka", koma choyamba, kale si wotchipa kwambiri makina akhoza kukhala osachepera ngati chinachake mosavuta. Chachiwiri, Chofunika kwambiri, mpaka 1944 nkhondo sanali limodzi anagwirizana thanki, chimene chingalowe anagunda T-6 mu ziyerekezo mazunzo. Chabwino, ngati si wofunika kwambiri.

Kotero kuti German katundu thanki T-VI «Amabereka" nthawi ya chilengedwe anali otetezeka kwambiri makina. Kwenikweni, chifukwa iye anali wokondedwa ndi mathanki Wehrmacht. Mwa njira, chida Soviet anamulasa German thanki "Amabereka"? More ndendende, zimene zida?

Kodi Soviet chida anamulasa "Amabereka"

Zida mazunzo ali ndi makulidwe a 100 mm, mbali ndi chakudya - 82 mm. Olemba mbiri ena asilikali ndikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha mitundu ya "akanadulidwa" nyumba ndi "Amabereka" bwinobwino zakutha kulimbana ZIS-3 likungosonyeza 76 yathu mm, koma pali ena subtleties:

• Choyamba, mbakunda mphumi kwambiri kapena zochepa kungakupatseni yekha ndi mamita 500, koma si zida kuboola projectiles zambiri osati kubaya zida za khalidwe koyamba "Tigers", ngakhale pa osiyanasiyana pafupi.
• Chachiwiri, Chofunika kwambiri, nkhondo zinali ponseponse "polkovushka" likungosonyeza 45 mm, umene uli mu mphumi T-6 sanatenge konse. Ngakhale amalowa mbali ya malowedwe a akhoza amayenda ngati mita 50, ndipo si zoona.
• Cannon F 34 T-34-76 komanso kuwala, ndipo ngakhale ntchito subcaliber "coils" zinthu likukonza ofooka. mfundo ndi yakuti ngakhale kuboola zipolopolo mfuti ili bwinobwino anyamule "Amabereka" ndi mamita 400-500 yekha. Ndiyeno - poganiza kuti "chokulungira" anali ndi khalidwe limene si nthawi zonse.

Popeza zida Soviet anamulasa thanki German "Amabereka" si nthawi zonse akasinja anapatsidwa lamulo losavuta: kuwombera zida kuboola kokha pamene pali 100% mwayi akumenya. Kotero izo zinali zotheka kuchepetsa kumwa akukumana ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri tungsten carbide. Kotero kuti Cannon Soviet akhoza gwetsa ndi T-6 okha pa mwangozi wa zinthu zingapo:

• Small mtunda.
• Ndi ngodya zabwino.
• A chipolopolo khalidwe.

Kotero kufikira kwambiri kapena zochepa misa maonekedwe a T-34-85 mu 1944 ndi machulukitsidwe asilikali kudziletsa injini mfuti SU 85/100/122 ndi "alenje" SU / ISU 152 "Tigers" anali adani oopsa kwambiri a asilikali.

Makhalidwe nkhondowo ntchito

Mmene wolemekezeka kwambiri German thanki T-6 "Amabereka" lamulo la Wehrmacht, akuti osachepera chakuti latsopano mwatsatanetsatane asilikali wagawo analengedwa mwachindunji magalimoto awa - katundu thanki battalion. Ndipo anali osiyana, kuima-yekha gawo, anali ndi ufulu wa kanthu palokha. wina ku Africa, ndi otsala 12 - - mu USSR khalidwe la battalions 14 poyamba Kulengedwa zinthu limodzi mu Italy chiri. Izi amapereka lingaliro la ferocity Kumenyana pa East Front.

Mu August 1942, ndi "akambuku" akhala "Zichitike" ndi Mgoy kumene gunners wathu anawomberedwa pansi awiri kapena atatu nawo magalimoto mayeso (panali zisanu), ndipo mu 1943 asilikali athu anatha kugwila woyamba T-6 mu chikhalidwe pafupifupi wangwiro. Pomwepo mayesero moto kunachitika German thanki "Amabereka," womwe unawonjezera anapezazo zokhumudwitsa: T-34 thanki ndi atsopano njira lopondereza nkhondo pa mawu ofanana sakanakhoza, ndi mphamvu ya muyezo 45 mm odana thanki mfuti Regiment analibe zokwanira kubooleza zida.

Anthu amakhulupirira kuti nkhani zambiri chachikulu cha ntchito "Tigers" mu Soviet Union zinachitika pa Nkhondo ya Kursk. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti 285 galimoto ya mtundu limeneli lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zoona zake n'zakuti Wehrmacht kuika 246 T-6.

Ku Ulaya, ndi nthawi ya anagwirizana landings panali atatu thanki battalions lolemera zida 102 "Amabereka". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi March 1945 panali 185 akasinja wa mtundu uwu pa kusuntha mu dziko. A okwana pafupifupi 1,200 mayunitsi zinalembedwa. Masiku ano, pali njira imodzi ya German thanki "Amabereka" mu dziko. Photos of thanki, limene lili pa Aberdeen Kutsimikizira Ground, kuoneka zonse pa TV.

Chifukwa unakhazikitsidwa "tigroboyazn"?

Mwachangu mkulu wa akasinja izi kukuchitika chifukwa akuchitira kwambiri ndi omasuka oyendetsa ntchito. Mpaka 1944, nkhondo sanali limodzi anagwirizana thanki, zimene kulimbana ndi "Amabereka" pa maziko ofanana. Ambiri a mathanki athu anaphedwa pamene galimoto yawo anagunda Germany ndi mtunda wa 1.5-1.7 Km. Pamene T 6 amalimbikitsa ochepa chosowa kwambiri.

Imfa ya German Ace Wittmann - Mwachitsanzo. yopuma wake thanki mwa "Sherman" anali atsilize ndi mfuti chithunzi mtunda. Mmodzi padded "Amabereka" anali 6-7 yopsereza T-34, ndipo Achimereka ndi ziwerengero za akasinja awo anali ngakhale sadder. Ndithudi, "makumi anayi" - makina a kalasi zosiyana, koma kuti nthawi zambiri ankatsutsa mwa T-6. Izi kamodzinso zimatsimikizira ungwazi ndi kudzipereka mwa asilikali.

The kuipa zazikulu za makina

The sangathe ndicho kulemera mkulu ndipo m'lifupi, kupanga n'zosatheka kunyamula thanki nsanja ochiritsira njanji popanda preconditioning. Pankhani kufanana kwa zida okhota "Amabereka" ndi "Panther" ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zomveka maganizo, kuchita T-6 adakali ndi mdani zoopsa kwa akasinja Soviet ndipo anagwirizana likuvutika malire zosavuta. Pa T-5 bwino kwambiri kutetezedwa mazunzo ziyerekezo, koma bolodi ndi chakudya zinali pafupifupi adachitira umboni.

Kodi ndi woipa, ngakhalenso mphamvu ya injini awiri sikunali kokwanira kusuntha ngati galimoto kwambiri pa mtunda akhakula. Pa dothi m'madambo izo basi Elm. America ngakhale anayamba nkhondowo machenjerero wapadera "akambuku": akakamizidwa mungaimitse German katundu battalion kuchokera m'mphepete gawo wina ndi mzake, chifukwa mu masabata, ndi hafu ya T-6 (osachepera) anasonyeza kuti kukonzedwa.

Ngakhale zolakwa zonse, German thanki "Amabereka" lomwe lili chithunzi m'nkhani anali oopsa kwambiri kumenyana makina. Mwina, ku mfundo chuma view, zilibe aulere, koma mathanki, kuphatikizapo mtima wathu, kuti tizithamanga pa mpikisano njira ayesedwa ichi "mphaka" ndi mkulu.