Boris Babochkin: biography ndi mafilimu

Malingana ndi Oleg Efremov, Stanislavsky adalenga anthu osapembedza monga Boris Babochkin. The biography of actor, wobadwa mu 1904, ali ngati ogawidwa ndi udindo wa Chapaev, anasewera ndi iye mu 1934, mu magawo awiri: "pamaso" ndi "pambuyo".

Achinyamata

Boris Andreevich Babochkin anabadwira ku Saratov pa January 18, 1904 m'banja la njanji. Amayi a mnyamatayu anali aphunzitsi ku sukulu ya kumidzi, komwe adaphunzira maphunziro a sekondale. Monga anzanga onse, ali ndi zaka 13, Borya anakhala membala wa Komsomol. Ndipo ali ndi zaka 15 anali atakula kale - adalembedwera ku Eastern Front ya Civil War, kumene adatumikira ku Dipatimenti ya Zigawo za 4.

Komabe, mnyamatayo adakopeka kwambiri ndi masewero kusiyana ndi utumiki. Anapambana bwinobwino mayeso ku Saratov Theatre Studio, atatha kuwerenga ndondomeko ya ndakatulo yakuti "The Fairy" ndi Maxim Gorky. Mnyamatayo anatengedwera mwamsanga ku maphunziro apamwamba. Ndipo mutu wa studio Alexander Kanin, atafufuza talente yake mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, anatumiza Boris ku Moscow ndi kalata yovomerezeka kwa Nemirovich-Danchenko.

Kukhala woyimba

Ku Moscow, mnyamatayu anapita, koma sanapindule ndi chitetezocho. M'malo mwake, ndinapita kukaphunzira ku "Young Masters" ku Illarion Pevtsov komanso pa studio ya Mikhail Chekhov. Anali woyamba, malinga ndi wojambula yekhayo, yemwe adayala maziko a masewero ake. Ndipo Illarion Pevtsov ankaganiza kuti Boris Andreevich ndi mphunzitsi wake. Pambuyo pake, kwa zaka 6 (kuchokera mu 1921) Boris Babochkin anali ndi maudindo (ndipo anali oposa 200) m'malo owonetsera ku Voronezh, Kostroma, Mogilev, ndi Samarkand. Nthawi imeneyi adayitana kukhala.

Kukhwima kunabwera mu 1927, pamene woimba ankasewera ku Leningrad Theatre ya Satire. Pakatikati, kale anali munthu wodabwitsa kwambiri, yemwe anali ndi ntchito yaikulu pamapewa ake. Babochkin ankasewera, anali wotsogolera, anachita filimu, anaphunzitsa, analemba zolemba za maofesi.

M'chaka chabwino, Boris Babochkin anakwatira. Moyo weniweni wa wojambula wamunthu umodzi sunali wofanana ndi equation ndi ambiri osadziwika. Chilichonse chinachitidwa pamene adayamba kukonda Katlerina Katya, yemwe posakhalitsa anakhala Babochkina. Ndiye iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Tatiana. Banja la Babochkin linali laling'ono koma lochezeka. Anthu okwatirana amakondana, mwanayo amawayamikira ndi kuwalemekeza.

Kusintha kwa cinema

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1931, pamene akusewera pa Pushkin Drama Theatre (yomwe amatchedwa Drama Theatre of the People's House), Boris Babochkin m'bwalo la zisewera ndipo cinema yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Malinga ndi otsutsa, udindo wa Sysoyev wochokera ku sewero "The Horse First" la V. Vishnevsky unadzutsa chidwi. Iye adawonetsa omvera wolimbana ndi wolemekezeka, wopanduka ndi wachikondi, womenyera nkhondo wa Fatherland ndi kusintha. Otsutsa mafilimu anali ogwirizana: Wopambana kwambiri wa Petersburg anali wokonzeka kusewera maudindo akuluakulu a epic.

Asanayambe ntchito yojambula m'moyo wake, wojambulayo, monga chifuno cha chiwonongeko, anali ndi maudindo angapo, ngati kuti akum'konzekera ntchito yayikulu.

Wopanga mafilimu ndi chithunzi cha cinema anali wovuta kuntchito. Woyamba kwa iye anali fano la msilikali wamkulu wa Karavaev mu kanema "Kupanduka." Ojambula mafilimuwa amayesa kuchepetsa kulongosola kwa Babochkin momwe angathere ndi mphamvu yolimba yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndi ndondomekoyi. Anapanduka, sanalandire filimu imeneyi. Koma ntchito yake yotsatira - gawo la Makar Bobrik (filimu yakuti "Platoon Yoyamba" yomwe inayendetsedwa ndi Sablin-Korsh) inasonyeza kuti woyang'anira masewerayo adatha kuzindikira bwino kwambiri filimuyi, mwakuya komanso mwachindunji kuwululira chifaniziro cha khalidwe lake.

Kuperekedwa kwa otsogolera Vasilievs kusewera mu filimuyo "Chapayev"

Wotchuka ku dziko lonse wojambula uyu anapanga chithunzi cha Chapaev. Komabe, panali mndandanda wonse wa ngozi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mtsikana wina dzina lake Boris Andreevich Babochkin adzalandire udindo wa mtsogoleri watsopanoyo.

Tepi iyi ikuyenerera ndemanga yochepa yochepa. Sitikudziwika bwino kuti opanga a script Chapaev, a stedi Vasilyev, mosasamala kanthu kofala chinyengo, si abale, iwo amangokhala namesakes. Mmodzi wa iwo, Georgy Vasiliev, yemwe ankaonera filimuyi, yomwe inayamba kukhala yachikale, amatha kuona pamasewera a psychoguard psychological attack, akuyenda ndi ndodo, akusuta fodya. Komanso tikhoza kuona mkazi wa wotsogolera wachiwiri. Mkazi wa Sergei Vasiliev wojambula nyimbo Varvara Myasnikova adagwira ntchito ya mfuti ya Anki.

Kukonzekera kwa Babochkin kukhala ndi Chapaev

Poyamba, Boris Babochkin adatengedwa kuti azisamalira bwino Vasily Ivanovich - Petka. Udindo wa Chapaev unatengedwa ndi woyimba mosiyana - Nikolai Batalov, koma anali ndi chifuwa chachikulu pa nthawi yojambula.

Panthawi imeneyo, Boris Andreevich anali ndi chidwi chokonzekera. Zonse zomwe anachita kale ndizo, makamaka, kuyendetsa talente. Babochkin anapangitsa mphamvu yake yakubadwanso mwatsopano. Ovomerezeka ake anali okondedwa kwambiri ndi fanolo. Zikuwoneka kuti anali kudziyesera yekha kuti asokoneze malire a chilengedwe.

Chitsanzo cha filimuyi yokhudza mtsogoleriyo chinakhudza wojambula pamtima wake, chifukwa moyo wake unali ngati Boris Babochkin mwiniwakeyo anamenyera nkhondo Yachikhalidwe mu gulu lomwelo ndi msilikali wake: zappolit anatumikira kumidzi ndi 25 Cavalry Division. Komanso, aphunzitsi a ndale a Babochkin adalankhula motsogoleredwa ndi gululi: mkulu wa asilikali Avksentiev, mkulu wa antchito, Makarov, adadziŵa yekha akuluakulu a asilikali ... kupatula Chapaev. Ndi Vasily Ivanovich, chodabwitsa, iye sanali chizindikiro ndipo sanamuwonepo.

Boris Babochkin ankadziwa poyamba kuti zovuta zapamwamba ndi utumiki. Iye mwini, pokhala pamahatchi okwera pamahatchi, ankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kavalo, kuvala yunifolomu ndi chigwi cha ankhondo, atakwera chipewa chake pamagulu apamahatchi, kotero kuti adzidzimitsa mwanjira ina yosamvetsetseka, kuchokera ku zofuna zake, amaimira mawu ndi khalidwe la asilikali.

Izi zinamupatsa mpata wozindikira za filimuyo osati nthano yododometsa, koma mwamtundu, kuti apeze ulusi wamatsengawo, njira zomwe zimatsogolera pamtima wowonera.

Kuchokera mwadongosolo kupita kwa mtsogoleri

Mwina ndichifukwa chake, poyesera kusewera Petka mwa njira yake, wochita masewera (omwe anzake amamuyitana kuti amuthandize kuti azigawitsa mbaliyo ndikuphunzire bwinobwino) anapanga kusintha kosatha kwa chithunzi cha dongosolo. Vasilievs anatsutsana naye mpaka atatuluka.

Mphamvuzo sizinali zofanana: oyang'anira awiri motsutsana ndi osewera. Boris Babochkin sanatsutse. Anayima yekha: kusewera kuyenera kukhala kosiyana. Mu imodzi mwa zokambirana zoterezi iye mwadzidzidzi anatembenuka mofulumira ndikupita ku chipinda chake chovala.

A Vasilievs adayang'ana ndikugwedezeka, powona kuti panalibe mkangano, koma sizinali choncho. Kwa iwo mu maminiti angapo ndithu mosayembekezereka anabwera kudzawothamanga, koma kale ku Chapaev. Akuluakulu adangokhalira kufota pachithunzichi komanso kufanana kwake. Kuwombera zofunda za pulasitiki Babochkin-Chapava, uzimu wake. Wochita masewerowa adapanga ziganizo zina - zinali zovuta kwambiri.

Mwachidule tanthauzo la ntchito ya Babochkin mu "Chapaev"

Udindo wa Petka adatengedwera kwa wojambula Yakov Gudkin, yemwe adatsitsimutsidwa ndi Leonid Kmit. Pambuyo pake, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwa oyang'anira, "makadi awayikidwa mwangwiro."

Zikuwoneka kuti iyi ndi sitepe yake yoyamba yopita ku Chapaev - kujambula kosavuta ndikumasintha ndikukhala mtsogoleri - Boris Babochkin analowa muyaya. Woyimbayo poyamba anakhalabe m'chifaniziro cha Vasily Ivanovich pa filimuyo yonse. Kenaka gawoli limakhala chizindikiro pa moyo wake wonse. Ndipo pamapeto pake - mbiri ya cinema yonse ya Soviet.

Pafupi kusanganikirana kwa umunthu Chapaeva ndi Babochkin

Chithunzi cha mkuluyo chinatsimikiziridwa ndi msinkhu wa kubadwanso kachiwiri ndi kudzipereka kudzipereka kwa woimba.

Pa udindo wa Chapaev, adapeza mwayi wotaya kinoshnye masampu a cinema chete, kumene wojambulayo anali chidole cha wotsogolera, kumene kudalirika kwina kunali kosayenera kuchita.

Chozizwitsa chenicheni cha kulenga chinachitika: chithunzi cha Chapaev chinatsitsimutsa, chinakhudza miyanda yambiri ya mitima, chodzazidwa ndi zomwe zakupuma mmenemo Babochkin. Kodi mkulu uyu angadziwike bwino lero ngati siziri za masewera a osewera? Zingamveka pamlomo mwa omvera dzina la Babochkin, ngati si kwa Vasily Ivanovich?

Cholinga cha anthu awiriwa chinali chosagwirizana. Kubadwanso kwatsopano kumapanga chozizwitsa. Nthano yamatsenga inalengedwa ndi wojambula wamkulu wa ku Russia Boris Babochkin. Chithunzi cha wojambula ku Chapaev, ngakhale omwe kale anali omenyana ndi gulu la 25 la mahatchi, akudziwana yekha ndi Vasily Ivanovich, amatchedwa chimodzimodzi ndi choyambirira.

Mphamvu ya luso inavumbulutsidwa kwathunthu: wojambula adabweretsa nkhani yake kuti asapereke ulemu ndi ulemu, koma kwa munthu wamoyo yemwe ali ndi talente weniweni, yopatsidwa ndi Mulungu - kukhala mtsogoleri. Chapaev Babochkina, mkulu wa asilikali, yemwe anakula, nthawi zina wanyonga, wopanda mantha, wanzeru. Nthawi zina iye amalakwitsa mwaumunthu

Koma izi ndizo zofooka zaumunthu zomwe zimamveketsedwa ndi mkulu wa asilikali. Ndipo iwo amawakhululukira iwo chifukwa cha iye, monga iwo amakhululukira atate wawo kwa iwo okha. Pambuyo pake, amadziwa kuti Chapayev samawapereka, sadzawasiya pankhondo. Iwo amamukhulupirira iye ngati katswiri wamaluso, yemwe amamvetsa bwino za nkhondo ya mahatchi. Iwo, ngati kuli koyenera, popanda kukayikira, adzatseka iwo ndi thupi lawo kuchokera ku chipolopolo chotha, popeza Chapaev ali wokonzeka kufa nawo.

Zonsezi zinatha kugwira ntchito ya Babochkin.

Mphamvu ya udindo wa Chapaev pa moyo wolenga wojambula Babochkin

Firimuyi "Chapaev" inalowa m'mafilimu opambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pa Marshal Voroshilov, masewera a Boris Andreevich adaganiza kuti adapatsa nyumbayo ku Moscow. Mwana wamkazi wa Boris Babochkin amakumbukira chikondi chachikulu chotchuka chimene chinataya kwa atate wake. Akatswiri kwenikweni amapanga weniweni waluso. Patatha zaka makumi anayi, mkulu wa akatswiri a zapamwamba dzina lake Tarkovsky anaitana Babochkin-Chapaev "daimondi yokongola kwambiri imene mbali iliyonse imasiyanitsa ndi anthu oyandikana nayo, n'kupanga khalidwe la monolithic."

Chifukwa cha filimuyi, Babochkin anakhala mu 1935 Wam'ng'ono Wotsanzira Anthu a Russia.

"Chapaev" adapereka chojambula choyambirira: iye, munthu yemwe amadziwika bwino komanso wotseguka, yemwe sadziwa momwe angasinthire komanso amene nthawi zambiri amalankhula zinthu zopanda tsankho, sanakhudze ziwalo za NKVD. Panthawi imeneyo, zambiri zidadalira pazokambirana za Main, ndipo adapatsidwa. Amuna achisoni, omwe alibe Boris Andreevich analibe, amalankhula malirime awo ...

Boris Babochkin mu masewero ndi sinema pambuyo pa "Chapaev"

Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko, wojambula adajambula kwambiri. June 22, 1941 anali ku Riga pa filimu ya filimu yotchedwa "The Loop Loop", ponena za woyendetsa ndege S. Utochkine. Anthu ake ankamukonda. Wojambulayo ndi fano lake la filimu anawatsutsa anthu kuti akatsutsane ndi fascists, iye amamvetsa izi, kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu, kwa maola 16 pa tsiku. Boris Babochkin adasewera mafilimu ambiri, filimu yake panthawi ya nkhondo inali yodzaza: "Invincible", "Front", "Chitetezo cha Tsaritsyn," "Achimereka Fields." Chotsatira cha mafilimu amenewa chinakhala ntchito yake yoyamba kukhala woyang'anira filimu.

Komabe, ngati kanema kanema ka Babochkin kanakhala ndi ndemanga zabwino, ndiye kuti ntchito yake yopanga mafilimu inayambika. Anadedwa chifukwa cha luso lake, chifukwa cha luso lake. Koma ngati chithunzithunzi cha filimuyi "Chapaev" inali ng'ombe yopatulika yosadziŵika, ntchito ya Babushkin monga mtsogoleri wamkulu wa zisudzo anakumana ndi chidani. Zosankhazo zinatengedwa ndi selo, uphungu wamakono, wolemedwa ndi ziphunzitso ndi zizindikiro. Zomwezo zinali zodabwitsa: omvera a Leningrad anazindikira mwachidwi machitidwe omwe anagulitsidwa "Tsar Potap", "Kuban", "Wolf", "Summerers" (Boris Babochkin - mkulu), ndipo nyuzipepalazo zimazifalitsa.

Mwa njira, Boris Andreyevich ankaganiza kuti kusewera kwake "Tsar Potap" ndi ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira izi kupangidwa ndi wina aliyense, ndipo, polemba ndemanga yodzipatulira, anasiya Leningrad kwa Moscow. Ndiye sitepe iyi adzaitcha kulakwitsa kwakukulu pamoyo wake. Iye anali pafupi ndi mzinda pa Neva mu mzimu.

Kuzunza kwa wotsogolera mu zisudzo. Pushkin

Leningrader mu malingaliro ake, Babochkin anasintha masewera ambiri a Moscow. Poyamba ankasewera ku The First Studio ku Moscow Art Theatre, kenako ku Vakhtangov Theatre. Kuchokera mu 1949 mpaka 1951, Boris Andreevich anali woimba ndi woyang'anira Moscow Art Theatre, Moscow Drama Theatre. Pushkin. Kugwira ntchito kumapeto kunali kobala.

Babochkin anali ndi zochitika zomwe zinadzaza nkhope - "Shadows" (yochokera ku Saltykov-Shchedrin). Mkhalidwe wa Leningrad unabwerezedwa. Kwa iye, wotsogolera, chigawenga, chisankho chosafunika, chochititsa manyazi chinagwa. Kuti zinthu ziyendere bwino, kwa talente. Babochkin atatha kudwala matendawa, adapita kuchipatala. Ndiye kwa zaka zitatu zonse iye amayenera kukhala wopanda ntchito. Wochita masewerowa adadziwa komwe akuwombera akugwedeza, koma anakakamizika kuti aone Minister of Culture Furtseva ... Pasanapite nthawi anapeza ntchito ku Maly Theatre.

Gwiritsani Ntchito Zojambula ku Moscow

Ndipo izi zikubwereza mobwerezabwereza: gulu la gulugufe "Ivanov" linasonkhanitsa zipinda zonse, ndipo wotsutsa wamagazi (mophiphiritsira) ankamuvulaza ndi mano ake. "Zolakwitsa" Babochkin anali zongopeka: nthawi zonse amamuyika Munthu pa Zomwe Amakhulupirira, Amamva Kukhala Wokhulupirika, Chikumbumtima cha Chakusowa Chachipani. Ndipo adaitana poyera mkulu wa zisudzo Yuda Tsareva kuti azinyozedwa ndi Meyerhold, yemwe anali mkulu wa bungwe lodziwika bwino, lomwe linapangitsa kuti asamangidwe. Ndi chifukwa chake iwo adapondereza Boris Andreevich.

Anthu omwe adachita nsanje adalengeza masewero omwe adayambitsa "Forest" osadulidwa, Boris Babochkin sakanatha kuchititsidwa manyazi ndikuchoka ku Maly Theatre.

Anapita kukaphunzitsa ku VGIK. Ophunzira ake, makamaka mtsikana wotchuka Natalia Bohunova, adalankhula ndi kuyamikira zomwe Babochkin sangakwanitse kulenga. Malingana ndi iye, "akhoza kubwereza" gulu lonselo.

M'malo momaliza

Babochkin, akuphunzitsa ku VGIK, mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti vuto la Soviet Theatre linali: kuchoka ku zolemba zamakono, powasintha maonekedwe a malingaliro. Iye anavulazidwa kwambiri ndi kutulutsidwa kwa munthu, kuchita, luso lojambula mu maudindo.

Boris Andreevich mwadzidzidzi anagwidwa ndi chikhumbo choyika Seagull ya immortal Chekhov. Iye analemba zolemba zake zapamwamba za mtsogoleri. 07/17/1975 Babochkin anafika m'galimoto yake ku Little Theatre, atalowa m'nyumbayi, adagwirizana ndi Igor Ilyinsky kuti azitenga gawo la Sorin. Paulendo wobwerera, mwadzidzidzi anadwala. Mtima. Anayima galimotoyo. Anayamba kufunafuna mapiritsi. Iwo sanali pafupi ...