Derivational unyolo mawu ovuta. M'mene tingamangire unyolo mawu zomanga? Zitsanzo derivational unyolo

Pezani lendewera mmene kumanga unyolo mawu mapangidwe, n'kofunika kwambiri. Luso limeneli adzalola kuti tifufuza akuyambira kulenga mawu atsopano wagawo ndi kupewa musanyalanyaze m'tsogolo.

Otumphukira zipange mawu

kumene-anapanga zinthu mawu onse chinenero cha Chirasha ndi maziko otumphukira. Derivational unyolo mawu ovuta wamangidwa pa maziko a losavuta la - kubala (takasa) mayunitsi. Ndi m'munsi. Onse mawu utangoyamba zichokera (chinachititsa). lamulo limeneli likukhudza milandu onse, mapangidwe mayunitsi latsopano kulankhula.

mawu chinachititsa ali ndi dongosolo zovuta zambiri za chakudya. Izi zikupezeka mu zamalankhulidwe, morphological ndi stylistic mbali.

Tikambirana derivational unyolo - zitsanzo za ena ofanana ndi zinthu kubala:

• Galasi <= pansi-galasi-Nick, kumene galasi - takasa unit. Cup chofukizira - otumphukira.
• Kumenya <= inu-bit * kumene kugunda - kubala mawu. Kugogoda - chinachititsa.

Non-otumphukira (unmotivated) Mawu

Mu Russian pali mawu mayunitsi, zimene sizinalembedwa anapanga ku mawu ena ndi muzu chomwecho. Mitundu awa amati iwo ali sanali otumphukira maziko. Derivational mawu unyolo ndi unmotivated gawo lapansi ungadzakhazikitsidwe yekha ndi wagawo motere: sanali otumphukira mawonekedwe monga kupoletsa <= chinachititsa mawonekedwe. Kuti ndi liwu lakuti mophweka kwambiri zikuchokera.

Unmotivated mayunitsi mawu nthawi zambiri amakhala muzu chomwecho. Mwachitsanzo: m'bale, mpando, tsiku.

ndi derivational unyolo Kodi

Unit zing'onozing'ono mawu mapangidwe akutulutsa mawonekedwe. Ofotokoza kundanda zinthu onse ogwirizana. Derivational unyolo ndi ndondomeko ya mitundu kulankhula ndi muzu umodzi. Komanso, aliyense chinthu chatsopano motere kuyambira m'mbuyomu. Ndiko kuti, akuyambira ali ndi dongosolo masanjidwe.

Lililonse limakhala latsopano wosiyanasiyana zoyambirira unyolo ndi banja wakale mawu ndi ndilochokera pa izo. Mawu ena nawonso, ndi zolimbikitsa.

Tiyeni tione chitsanzo. Mu unyolo yokhotakhota <= nsalu <= mkanjo 'mkanjo' lachokera mwachibale kwa "yokhotakhota", pomwe mwachibale kwa "nsalu" Izo ndi olimbikitsa.

ndi unyolo derivational Kodi

Derivational unyolo mawu - zinayendera mayunitsi latsopano kulankhula. Language - ndi njira ya moyo umene nthawi zonse zatsopano. Anthu ambiri a mayunitsi latsopano kulankhula chinenero Russian - zotumphukira, mawu mapangidwe ndiyo mfundo yofunika kwambiri kumvetsa kufunika chinenero ndi kuthekera kuloŵerera.

Mapangidwe luso ndi kulimbikitsa maluso a nyumba mbali yoyenera kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga:

• kulenga unyolo mawu mapangidwe mawu wapatsidwa;
• Pezani ikuyambitsa mawonekedwe;
• kudziwa zimene unyolo zoyambirira za ndondomeko;
• kudziwa maziko yolimbikitsa;
• kudziwa unyolo angati a mawu lomenyera chisa.

mawu kupanga chisa

Ndi derivational unyolo kuphatikiza stemmings kulankhula wagawo ndi wamba zamalankhulidwe tanthauzo akhoza kukonza ndondomeko ina. Iwo akutchedwa zitsulo. Izi ndi mfundo yaikulu kale kumanga mitundu yatsopano lexical.

Mawu kupanga chisa - akonzedwa unyolo kuti kuphatikiza mayunitsi mawu okwana mtengo notional. Nkofunika musangoganizira muzu wamba, koma mfundo za moyandikana zamalankhulidwe. Pachimake cha mawu kupanga chisa ndi chosavuta. Only kusonyeza losavuta mwa zinthu cognate mawu, n'zotheka kudziwa mmene mbali zambiri pa maziko a akhoza kumangidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, derivational unyolo: nkhope <= depersonalize <= depersonalize kupanga chisa ndi chingwe: Nkhope ya <= kutsogolo <= miyala. Kulankhula wagawo "nkhope" lachokera ku chisa ichi.

njira ya mawu mapangidwe

Pofuna kupewa pokonza unyolo derivational, iwo anamvetsa kuti Chirasha pali pomanga zinthu zatsopano kulankhula.

Kudziwa njira zingapo:

1. Kuwonjezera. Unit latsopano aumbike mwa kujowina chifukwa cha mawu amodzi m'munsi mwa wina (zapansi kapena zambiri). Pali njira zotsatirazi:

• wobala tsinde + polumikiza za mawu + olimbikitsa akuti: gasi o-silicate, zonse kwa akuwerenga. Mu zina, za mawu polumikiza kungakhale kusowa: Kaliningrad;
• wobala m'munsi + maziko umabala mabedi Sofa, mudakhumudwapo siketi sanali analamula kapitawo;
• wobala kubala m'munsi + m'munsi + suffix: mutu zinyalala ndi munthu;
• chidule: mapangidwe mawu pawiri powonjezera kwathunthu kapena pang'ono truncated zapansi: yunivesite, battalion, zavskladom.

2. Morphological njira - mothandizidwa ndi affixes:

• suffix (ntchito suffixes): raspberries-Nick <= raspberries;
• prefixing (ntchito prefixes); kukonzanso, athamangadi <= kuthamanga;
• Postaffixal (-Kodi kapena, tsiku lina, Xia): kukwatira Xia <= kukwatiwa;
• Kuphatikiza (prefixed-suffix, suffixal prefixing neri Al.)

3. Kutembenuka (Morpho-syntactic njira). Pankhaniyi, mawu si ungasinthe iliyonse. The ndondomeko ya mapangidwe mayunitsi latsopano ikuchitika mwa kusintha limodzi ku mbali ina ya kulankhula.

• substantivizing - mapangidwe ndi nauni kuchokera mbali ina woyankhula: kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo maso;
• adjectivization - adjective mapangidwe ndi kusintha kuchokera ku mbali zina za mawu: yoyaka maso (yerekezerani: khala la moto ng'anjo);
• pronominalizatsiya (kusintha kwa akuti): lembali, mu mzinda womwewo;
• adverbializatsiya (kusintha mu adverb ndi): yake adzachita (yerekezerani: kanthu pa dongosolo Y anu);
• kusintha kwa prepositions ndi: zikomo ku mwambo wosangalala (yerekezerani: kumuyamikila pa thandizo lake).

4. lexical-zamalankhulidwe njira. Mawu sasintha akuphatikizapo morphological, kupeza tanthauzo losiyana: anyezi (mbewu) - uta (chida), burashi (zojambula) - burashi (phiri phulusa).

5. lexico-syntactic njira: kuphatikiza mayunitsi awiri kapena kuposa chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo: The zotsatirazi (m'munsimu), sizithandiza (pang'ono ogwira).

Aligorivimu kujambula zoyambirira unyolo

Kuti timvetse kupanga mkanda mawu mapangidwe, m'pofunika kufufuza ndondomeko ya zochita. potsatira kwambiri zinthu zonse kudzathandiza kwambiri wosalira ntchitoyo.

1. Ikani mawu mu mawonekedwe pachiyambi.
2. Sankhani affixes zonse zilipo - prefixes, suffixes ndi mizu.
3. Kudziwa njira maphunziro.
4. Pezani tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe wa amafotokozera mawu (ngati n'koyenera - mothandizidwa ndi dikishonale).
5. Mu mndandanda wa mayunitsi chimodzi muzu kukatenga ikuyambitsa mtengo wofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, mukufuna kufufuza kutulutsidwa kwa mawu "chofukizira".

Sankhani muzu ndi affixes: a chikho-Nick, kumene - manambala oyambirira, dzina - suffix galasi - mizu. Prefixal-suffix njira ya mawu mapangidwe. Tingamasulire tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe: chikho chofukizira - chinthu kuti aikidwa pansi galasi. Choncho kufalitsa mawu "galasi" adzachita mu nkhani iyi.

Zitsanzo derivational unyolo

Taonani zitsanzo zochepa za mbali kujambula.

"Limbikani" chofunika derivational unyolo ndi mawu.

Malinga aligorivimu ndi:

1. Koyamba mawonekedwe - "limbikani."
2. Select affixes: nthawi nkhafi ndi Th-Xia. Suffixes: ulili - ndi - indeterminate mawonekedwe -t ine_, postfix mitundu ya mneni kubwerera Xia. Osiyana manambala oyambirira. -vesel- mizu.
3. Kudziwa mtundu wa mawu mapangidwe: tinatha kuunikila suffix zoyambirira ndi manambala oyambirira. Choncho, njira - platformers-suffix.
4. Sankhani tanthauzo la zinthu kulankhula "limbikani": kukhala ndi maganizo abwino, zosangalatsa.
5. The ndondomeko ya mawu mapangidwe - prefixed-suffix. Kuyang'ana kupoletsa wagawo kudzera zosabvuta. Kulimbikitsa mawu reflexive akuti "chimwemwe" ndi sanali kubwerera akuti "chimwemwe." Osiyana manambala oyambirira, Pankhaniyi ali mtengo wa chinthu mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kupoletsa mawu akuti "chimwemwe" ndi wosavuta amafotokozera "limbikani", amene anapanga, nawonso, ndi adjective "mokondwera." Choncho, derivational unyolo adzakhala:

Mokondwera <= odzisangulutsa <= chimwemwe <= limbikani

Pangani unyolo mawu zomanga kwa nauni "salting."

Malinga aligorivimu ndi:

1. Mawonekedwe koyamba - "salting."
2. Select affixes ndi muzu: kwa Sol-to-bwino. Manambala oyambirira: za- muzu: -hydrochloric - suffix: -k-, flexion: m.
3. Njira derivation: prefixal-suffix.
4. Tingamasulire tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe a "salting": kuteteza ntchito mchere.
5. Ife tikuyang'ana kwa zikuchokera yosavuta umabala mawu. The suffix -k - limasonyeza kuti mchitidwe mawu dzina la kanthu, ndi likuchokera ku mneni. Derivational awiri pamaso nauni akuti "nkhaka". Nawonso manambala oyambirira za- kutha kwa kanthu - ". Mchere" mneni anapanga mitundu wosavuta wa "Kuti mchere" - kuchita chinachake kuzifutsa ntchito mchere. Ambabala mawu "mchere". Derivational unyolo adzakhala lembani:

Salt <= mchere <= nkhaka <= salting

Kumanga unyolo mawu zomanga kwa adjective "nepedagogichno".

Malinga aligorivimu ndi:

1. Koyamba mawonekedwe - nepedagogichno.
2. Select morpheme: sanali padagog-DBS choyamba. Manambala oyambirira sanali muzu -pedagog-, nary ndi suffix -, -s flexion.
3. Njira derivation: prefixal-suffix.
4. Kutanthauzira zamalankhulidwe tanthauzo "nepedagogichno" si kukumana mfundo pedagogy.
5. The ndondomeko ya mawu mapangidwe - prefixal-suffix. Ife tikuyang'ana kwa chosavuta morphemic zikuchokera unit. The adjective "nepedagogichno" aumbike ku gawo lomwelo wa kulankhula "mwanzeru" ndi manambala oyambirira ndi zosakhudzana negative. Choncho, ikuyambitsa wagawo ziwirizi ndi mawu akuti "mwanzeru". Nawonso adjective "mwanzeru" aumbike mwa suffix zoyambirira - ichn- ku nauni 'pedagogy. slvo Izi zichokera kwa losavuta zikuchokera nauni "mphunzitsi". Choncho, ikuyambitsa Unit (vertex) a ndondomeko imeneyi ndi nauni "mphunzitsi". Derivational unyolo chiri motere:

mphunzitsi <= pedagogy <= chanzeru <= nepedagogichno

Pangani unyolo mawu zomanga "razgrimirovatsya" mneni.

Timachita zinthu mogwirizana aligorivimu ndi:

1. Infinitive mawonekedwe - "razgrimirovatsya".
2. Select affixes: nthawi anapangidwira Irova-Th-Xia. Manambala oyambirira: osiyana muzu: -grim -, kutchukitsa mneni suffix - irova- ndi mwamatapo -t mawonekedwe kalekale, postfix-Xia.
3. Njira derivation: prefixal-suffix.
4. Tingamasulire tanthauzo zamalankhulidwe Mawu akuti "razgrimirovatsya": vula mapangidwe ake.
5. The njira ya mawu mapangidwe - platformers-suffix, zikutanthauza kufunafuna dongosolo chosavuta wa unit morphemic. Breakout akuti "razgrimirovatsya" aumbike mwa kubwerera kwa akuti "kudzipangitsa mmwamba" ndi manambala oyambirira zosiyanasiyana pa mtengo isanafike Kulipira kanthu. Nawonso mneni reflexive "kudzipangitsa mmwamba" - kuchokera sanali kubwerera kwa akuti "amapanga." Kupoletsa mawu "amapanga" mneni ndi sanali otumphukira nauni "zodzoladzola", umene uli vertex wa ndondomeko ya. Derivational unyolo akuimira chiwembu zotsatirazi:

zodzoladzola <= amapanga <= zodzoladzola <= razgrimirovatsya

Kodi kulabadira

Mu kukafola unyolo derivational tikulimbikitsidwa kulabadira mokoma zotsatirazi:

• ayenera Musasokonezeke derivation ndi kusanthula zoyambirira. zolinga Last kuzindikira mitundu ya mau omwewo. Mwachitsanzo: ine ndinathamangira - kuthawa - anathawa. Ngakhale cholinga chachikulu cha kusanthula ndi derivational unyolo lexical mayunitsi latsopano;
• chifukwa cha kumene-anapanga amafotokozera mawu zambiri imakhala affixes kuposa zolimbikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu awiri zoyambirira: yozizira <= yozizira kubala m'munsi zikuphatikizapo mwamatapo chimodzi - muzu - zim-, pamene maziko a mawu Anakambirana imakhala ndi mizu - zim- ndi suffix - N.
• kulankhula awiriawiri kutanthauza munthu kapena nyama, chachimuna ndi chachikazi, wobala lalifupi, monga ulamuliro, ndi chachimuna chachikazi. Mwachitsanzo: Weaver <= nsalu; Tsekwe <= tsekwe;
• awiriawiri, kuphatikizapo madera osiyana a mawu - mneni, kusonyeza amachitila umboni, ndi nauni kapena adjective, kuonetsa chizindikiro, opangidwa kuchokera ku mawu zambiri ndi chachikazi. Mwachitsanzo: akale <= ukalamba, uvuni <= mitanda;
• reflexive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau waukulu gawo aumbike mwa sanali returnable. Mwachitsanzo: kuphunzitsa <= kuphunzira, kukwatira <= kukwatiwa;
• ndi mawu mneni amagwira zotsatirazi chiwembu: sanali otumphukira mneni imperfective kusiya <= perfective kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi manambala oyambirira omwe <= mneni ndi manambala oyambirira ndi suffix imperfective: penyani <= view <= view, kubzala <= kubzala <= zaseivat m;
• mu derivation wa adverbs mu -o ikuyambitsa wagawo ndi zambiri ndi adjective: zabwino <= wabwino, mofulumira <= kubowola koma.

Kugwiritsa otanthauzira pokonza unyolo derivational

Ngakhale ndi okhwima kugwilizana zojambula aligorivimu derivational unyolo amayambitsa mavuto ena. Pankhaniyi n'koyenera ntchito dikishonale. Pali Mabaibulo wapadera, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe n'zotheka kusankha yemweyo muzu mawonekedwe iliyonse zinthu kulankhula. Iwo anapatsidwa unyolo mawu kupanga - Zitsanzo sanali otumphukira mayunitsi ndi onse a zotupa ake. Fotokozani njira mitundu ya kumanga zinenero form.Takzhe mungapeze malangizo okhudza unyolo mawu mapangidwe ndi zinthu makamaka kulankhula.

mitundu otumphukira zili mu Buku kuti afabeti. Kope yonse ndi "Mawu mapangidwe Dictionary wa Chirasha" mu 2 mabuku.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwamasanthawuzo kumathandiza kumanga unyolo, komanso kumalimbikitsa kufanana kwa mawu atsopano.