"Hansel ndi Gretel" (Abale Grimm nthano): Mwachidule

Mu chuma cha dziko nkhani za mlembi wa zaka ziwiri zapitazi ndipo zikuphatikizapo ntchito ndi Yakobo Wilhelm Grimm. Abale amatengedwa ndi kukonzedwa ntchito oposa mazana awiri m'nthano za anthu a ku Ulaya, Pakati pali wotchuka "Cinderella," "Rapunzel," "Hansel ndi Gretel", "The Bremen Town oimba," "Little Red atakwera nyumba" ndi ena ambiri. Ngakhale kuti olemba ndi zambiri mlandu kufotokoza nkhanza kwambiri, amakhalabe ndiwotani Ambiri a ana, wophunzitsidwa za sichisinthasinthanso ndi luso kupirira mavuto, kukoma mtima ndi mothandizana, kufunafuna chilungamo.

NKHANI chithandizo luso

Zopereka Abale Grimm mu chitukuko cha dziko, ndipo makamaka German zolembalemba nthano alidi kwambiri. The mwayi waukulu ntchito zawo kuti olemba, pobwereka chiwembu mu nthano pafupifupi kwathunthu anasunga okhutira, ndi maganizo mimba, zikuchokera peculiarities a m'nkhaniyi ndi mawu m'nkhaniyi. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo, "Hansel ndi Gretel" - nthano la Chijeremani, zosiyana gwero pachiyambi monga momwe akanathera. Olemba kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe anasinthidwa maonekedwe a chinenero, kupanga mankhwala zambiri zosangalatsa ndipo angathe kuwaŵerenga. Chotero njira wakhala ofunika pa matenda a nkhani wowerengeka, chifukwa chakuti kusamutsa njira makamaka a moyo a ku Ulaya makamaka Ages Middle.

Chiwembu cha nyumba gingerbread

Pansi deta anakhalabe, nthano ya ana awiri, akhacemeridwa Hansel ndi Gretel, Abale Grimm anamva kwa Dorotei Vilt - iye anadzakhala mkazi wa William. M'nthano amasiyana ndi kudziwika kwa ife Baibulo wolemba wa kuti ngwazi pang'ono anapita ku nkhalango, likupita imfa mosalephera, mayi ake komanso bambo ake. Abale Grimm nkhani penapake Chinachepa primordial kalembedwe chithunzi ondipeza amaika kupanikiza pa mwamuna ofooka wofuna. Mwa njira, mankhwala ndi chiwembu ofanana angapezeke pa mndandanda wa wongonena wina German, L. Bechstein, komanso ndakatulo wowerengeka ndi nyimbo, zimene zikusonyeza kutchuka lalikulu la zochitika za gingerbread nyumba ya anthu.

Koma nkhanza kwa makolo, koposa zonse, asunge zinthu ndi chenicheni. Mu zaka 1315-17 ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo mu Germany, njala yoopsa inayamba, zotsatira za omwe anamva kwa zaka zisanu. Azambiriyakale dziwani kuti pa nthawi iyi ya kudya akanati ndithu, omwe akunena za nthano "Hansel ndi Gretel" - amatanthauza Zomwe zinachitika ndi mfiti. Komanso, nkhani ngati angapezeke ena mbiri European ana mwangozi m'manja mwa odya anzawo zoopsa ndipo anatha kupeza chifukwa cha iwo chapamwamba zikomo dzanja mtima wake ndi nzeru.

The mankhwala a nyumba gingerbread anaphatikizidwa m'chigawo choyamba cha nthano za Abale Grimm, lofalitsidwa mu 1812 ndipo linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri. The bwino Russian galamafoniyo a m'lemba zinafika ankachitira P. Field.

Ankadziwa akutchulidwa

Hansel ndi Gretel, m'bale ndi mlongo, anali ana a wokwera osauka. Iwo ankakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi atate wake ndi akulera ana opeza zoipa. Koma kenako pa nthawi yovuta, pamene mkate anali kugula zivute zitani. Ndipo usiku wina anamva makolo kukambirana. Mu dandaulo bambo kuti chakudya si anasiya, ondipeza anapereka kutenga m'bale ndi mlongo ku nkhalango nkuwasiya kumeneko yekha. Woodman poyamba anakwiya chifukwa mtima ndi mwala - ana mbadwa zina chiwonongeko imfa. Ndiye onse adzafa - kuti linali yankho la mkazi. Kukhulupirira pambuyo ondipeza onse oipa mwamuna wake, kuti mwanjira ina kuchita n'zosatheka.

Analira kuwawa mlongo anamva zimene zinachitikira amene anali kudzakumana nawo, ndi mchimwene wake panali bata ndipo analonjeza kwenikweni kuganizira. Akatero amayamba wotchuka Abale Grimm nthano "Hansel ndi Gretel."

The kukwera choyamba mu nkhalango

Boy anadikira mpaka bambo ndi akulera ana opeza mbakhagona, obvekadwa ndipo anatuluka mu msewu, kumene awole timiyala wonyezimira mwezi usiku.

M'mawa makolo anasonkhana nkhalango nkhuni, anamudzutsa ana ndi anawatenga naye. Pa njira Hansel mwakachetechete kuponyedwa miyala - iye yagoletsa m'thumba zonse. Kotero kuti kwa ziyangoyango. Woodman moto, ndipo akulera ana opeza ana a analamula kuti bedi zina ndi analonjeza kuti adzabwerera ku madzulo kwa iwo. Hansel ndi Gretel - nthano pano akubwereza otchuka mu nkhanza European folklore motif ondipeza a - linakhala moto wokha. Iwo anamva tsiku lonse, mu nkhalango chisokonezo thud, kuyembekezera kuti bambo akuigwiritsa nkhuni. Ndipotu akuchita izi bitches, makolo womangidwa ndi mtengo.

Masana ana anadya chidutswa cha mkate mu m'mawa chikalata kwa iwo ndipo posakhalitsa, wotopa, anagona tulo. Pamene anatsegula maso awo, anali kale mdima usiku. Mlongo analira kachiwiri, ndi m'bale wake anayamba kuwatsimikizira ake: "Mwezi uno adzayamba tidzapeza njira kunyumba." Ndipo ndithu, mwa mweziwo miyala mowala, ndipo m'mawa Hansel ndi Gretel anali pakhomo kunyumba.

Kukomana ndi kukambirana ndi makolo

ana ondipeza adadzonga ankawazazira iwo, chifukwa iwo ali motalika kuyenda mu nkhalango. bambo ake anasangalala iwo anabwerera moyo.

Koma posakhalitsa zinthu zinavuta oipitsitsa. Kachiwiri, m'bale ndi mlongo anamva mtsutso bwino za makolo. Lumberjack yaitali Ine anakaniza, koma, kutaya kamodzi kukopeka ndi nthawi iyi. Ine ndikuganiza kachiwiri za tsogolo lawo Hansel ndi Gretel. Grimm ndi nthano, basi monga gulu lina lirilonse la matsenga, maziko kubwerezabwereza zimene zikugwirizananso. Nazi basi miyala m'bale nthawi imeneyi sikunali kotheka kusonkhanitsa - wanzeru tsatanetsatane mayi anatseka chitseko usiku, ndipo iye sakanakhoza kupita kunja. Ngakhale kwambiri mantha ndi mlongo wake, koma mwanayo analonjeza kwenikweni kuganizira. Ndipo m'mawa, pamene akulera ana opeza mkaziyo anawapatsa chidutswa cha mkate ndipo analamula kuti apite naye ndi bambo ake mu nkhalango, adaunyema gawo lake mu thumba ake n'kuyamba kuwaza breadcrumbs njira.

kusochera

Wokwera anayenda ulendo wautali kudutsa mu nkhalango ndi akulera ana opeza mpaka ku chipululu, kumene kale sadafikeko. Apanso makolo anasiya ana okha ndi moto, pamene iwo anapita kwawo. Koma usiku, pamene mwezi yatuluka, Hansel ndi Gretel sanapeze njira, monga mbalame pecked nyenyeswa zonse. M'mawa kutacha, ndiyeno madzulo, ndipo iwo ankayenda mwa nkhalango. Only nkhomaliro tsiku lotsatira, wotopa ndi njala, ana anawona moyera-mbalame pa mtengo. Iye anaimba bwino kuti ana adzamva, ndiyeno anapita pambuyo pake. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi kutsogolo kwa kanyumba ndi akale omwe sakanakhoza njala Hansel ndi Gretel.

Nthano, mwachidule zimene mukuwerenga, wamangidwa malinga ndi malamulo polemba chinenero chimenechi. Mpanda nyumba zodabwitsa, mwadzidzidzi anatuluka patsogolo pa maso a ana, zinapangidwa mkate, denga - kuchokera mikate chokoma, ndi mazenera - anapangidwa ndi shuga. Choncho, limanena nyumba wokoma ku nthano otchedwa Kokanee wochuluka. Iwo amatchulidwa mu nkhani wowerengeka ndi chidwi ndi chakuti iwo analibe kuchita zonse ndekha, chifukwa onse chakudya wakula mwachindunji pa mitengo.

Mbiri ya nyumba gingerbread

Ngakhale kuti chiwembu cha nyumba chokoma pang'ono m'zaka za m'ma XIX, akhoza kukhala zachilendo, monga pambuyo buku la nthano "Hansel ndi Gretel" mu Germany ndi m'mayiko ena angapo a ku Ulaya, mwambo watsopano. Kwa zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, akazi kuphika Khirisimasi gingerbread nyumba ndi kukongoletsa ndi icing akuda, candied zipatso, zipatso, etc. Kukoma kuvala tebulo chikondwerero, wotumidwa zisudzo zosiyanasiyana ndi kupikisana ndi, ndithudi, kupereka ana. Chinthu chachikulu ndi zimenezi karoti mungasangalale woyamba ndiyeno kusangalala kukoma kwakukulu.

Tinakumana ndi mfiti

Koma kubwerera ku nthano, amene analemba abale Grimm. Hansel ndi Gretel - mwachidule amapereka chithunzi chonse zimene zinkachitika pa nthawiyo - kuwona ndi zochuluka, tinaganiza kudya. M'bale anasiyiratu chidutswa cha padenga, ndi mlongo wake anaganiza kuyesa zenera. Iwo amasangalala kudya maswiti, anamva kuchokera m'kanyumba ndi ndithu mawu abwino. Patapita anaonekera ilidi mkazi wakale kwambiri. Ana poyamba mantha, koma nthawi yomweyo anatontholetsa iwo, ndipo pamenepo ali m'nyumba, mowolowa manja regaled ndi ligonekedwa pa bedi zofewa pansi khirisipi woyera duvet. ana wotopa ndi lotopetsa ankaganiza kuti iwo anali mu paradiso. Hansel ndi Gretel sanadziwe kuti anali pa ulendo mfiti zoipa. A maloto ndipo ankakonda kwambiri kuchitira mwana aliyense. Ndipo ngakhale mkazi wakale ndi maso ofiira zoipa kwambiri anawona, iye anamva fungo mwangwiro anthu. A mkate nyumba, chokongoletsedwa ndi maswiti anali kukopa ana ngati Hansel ndi Gretel. Nthano Choncho kwakukulukulu pobwereza ndi zithunzi wotchuka mutu wakuti "Ana ndi Ogre", m'gulu la Index mayiko a folklore ntchito polemba chinenero ichi.

"Izo zikanakhala chidutswa cha mkate"

M'mawa mfiti anayang'ana akugona ana ndipo ndinaona kuti mnyamata ndi masaya ofiira ndi onenepa adzakhala zabwino kwambiri nkhomaliro. Muyenera yekha pang'ono kudyetsa izo. Iye zokhoma Hansel mwadzuka barani kwa chitseko latisi ndi Gretel analamula kuti kuzinenepetsa m'bale wake kukhala fatter. Izi zinachitika kwa masabata anayi, imene alongo ali okonzeka kwambiri zokoma mbale m'bale, ndipo iye anadya zotsala. Hansel aluso nthawi yonseyi athe kunamiza mfiti zoipa amene anaona. Pamene iye anabwera kwa onani mmene zolondola kuti "chakudya lotsatira" Iye amazembera dzanja m'malo fupa lake chala, ndi kuti onse Sanathe kumvetsa chifukwa mnyamatayo onse chomwecho woonda. Koma tsiku lina chipiriro mkazi wokalamba atatha ndipo anaganiza ndithudi kudya Hansel, ngakhale njira si mafuta okwanira, tsiku lotsatira. Mtsikana wina anali kutsatira madzi, kenako m'bale wake yekha kukonzekera. "Ndi bwino kukhala ndi zilombo nkhalango inadya, ndiye pamodzi ife amene akanafa," - iye analira.

mfiti anapeŵa

Mmawa wotsatira mkazi akale anaganiza yoŵerengerana ndi Gretel, Kenako m'bale wake. Chinali kusungunuka mbaula ndi kulamula mtsikana kuti tilowe mu ilo, kuti ndiwone ngati kutentha ndi wokonzeka mkate kuphika. Gretel anayamba kukwaniritsa lamulo anali mfiti, atazindikira kuti akufuna mayi ake akale. Ndipo palibe kulakwitsa: kuti ali kwenikweni wokonzeka kutseka khumudwitsidwa ndi mwachangu mtsikana. "Ine sindikudziwa momwe uko," - anati mlongo. Pokhumudwa mfiti wotembereredwa ake ndipo anayamba kusonyeza momwe ndingayendere pamoto. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Gretel anakankhira kutsogolo kwake, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutseka dampers. Kotero iye kupulumutsidwa ku imfa, iyeyo ndi mchimwene wake. A akale, anali mu uvuni, ndi kulira wowopsa kuwotchedwa mpaka phulusa. Choncho, opindula atasemphana ndi mfiti wakudya kukhala ndi Gretel.

Nthano za m'bale ndi mlongo, zikuoneka, alinso kugwirizana ndi miyambo yakale ya anthu a ku Ulaya ndipo ena a mafuko. Choncho, kutentha mfiti yanthaŵi akatswiri a zinenero zambiri amaganizira mwambo zofala za ndime, akamanena za zomwe kusuntha mtsikana mpaka akakula, munthu kolowa mwa anthu onse chinsinsi kapena anayambitsa zoperekazi pakati asing'anga, atsogoleri. Iyi si wina watsopano abale Grimm zolinga, monga opezeka mu nkhani zina zambiri wowerengeka ndi wolemba, kuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, "Mnyamata chala" Charles Perrault.

ana anamasulidwa anapita kanyumba ndi adapezamo zambiri zamtengo wapatali, ndi ngale. Anawasonkhanitsira pamodzi ndi kupita kufunafuna njira kuti nkhalango mfiti a.

Choncho chifukwa cha luso ndi pothana, kodi tichotse mfiti zokhumudwitsa, ogress Hansel ndi Gretel. Nthano umatha ndi kufotokoza njira kunyumba.

otetezedwa kubwerera

Patapita maola angapo anabwera ana a kunyanja osadziwika, koma anaona pafupi palibe mlatho kapena bwato. Monga bakha n'kumasambira. Bakuman anatembenukira kwa iye ndi pempho kusamutsa iwo tsidya linalo, ndipo posachedwapa m'bale ndi mlongo anali mu nkhalango bwino. Ndipo apa kuti kunali kosavuta kupeza njira yanu mu nyumba wokwera. nathamanga iwo, wokondwa, ndipo anathamangira kwa bambo ake pa khosi lake. Wokwera anasangalala kwambiri ataona kuti ana ake ali ndi moyo, kotero sindinadziwe mtendere kamphindi ndi chimwemwe pambuyo akutsanzikana ndi iwo.

Kunapezeka kuti mkazi wake anali atamwalira mwadzidzidzi - mfundo izi mozindikira, akatswiri a zinenero zambiri kuzindikira mafano a ondipeza zoipa ndi mfiti anaganiza kubwezera pa ana wosakondedwayo. Ndipo awangiswa nthawi kuti wokwera ndi ana ake okondwa ndi abwino. Banja kupulumutsidwa ku ndikufuna ngale ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali amene anabweretsa ku nkhalango kanyumba Hansel ndi Gretel.

nthano wolemba nkhani iyi itha pa mothandizana ndi kukonda abale, amene analola ngwazi kupirira mavuto onse ndi kubwerera mwamtendere kwa khola.

Nkhani ya Zopatsa m'bale ndi mlongo zaluso

Lero, Hansel ndi Gretel zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Nthano za iwo m'gulu mndandanda wa ntchito za Yakobo ndi Wilhelm Grimm, ndipo linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri. Komanso, makhalidwe ake zambiri anakhala ngwazi za ntchito zamoyo zina luso. Choncho, mu 1893 panali opera ndi E. Humperdinck, olembedwa mwapadera pa Khirisimasi. Mobwerezabwereza tikukonzekera ed nthano. Musati kukhala opanda chidwi ndi ntchito za ambiri ojambula zithunzi wotchuka.

Mkubwela kwa mafilimu a kanema nkhani odziwika ndi anafunsa olemba. manambala ndi otchuka kwambiri masiku ano mafilimu zikuphatikizapo nthano "Hansel ndi Gretel" mu English, anatengedwa mu 1988. The olemba pang'ono kusinthidwa Baibulo choyambirira: ana anapempha mayi anga anapita ku nkhalango kukatenga zipatso ndipo anataya, kenako anagunda gingerbread nyumba mfiti Griselda. Njira ina - American filimu cha 2012, mwachisawawa zochokera nthano "Hansel ndi Gretel" imene bambo, adzazunzidwa ndi chisoni, iye akupita kukafuna ana.

Mu 2013 izo anaonekera gunman, kuwauza za zimene zinachitikira zilembo pambuyo kwawo. Ndipo ngakhale filimu ingakonzedwe ali pang'ono kuchita ndi nthano ya Abale Grimm, Likutsindika kuti chidwi mu nkhani lili nthawi yathu.