Ilya Repin. Zojambula za wojambula monga ngati amafotokoza za luso la chi

Zomwe apamwamba zimathandizadi kupenta nyumba ya atumwi XIX, kugwirizana ndi maina aluso otchuka Russian, Pakati malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi Ilya Repin. Zojambula ndi ntchito za mbuye - zolengedwa lonse ndi zomera zithunzi ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

A mbiri pang'ono

The wotukuka wa luso Russia anadza mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Njira ya chitukuko kwakukulukulu chinachitikira ndi kayendedwe ka chitukuko cha mabuku. Zojambulidwa si anachoka pa akungoonerera njira zimene bwanji chikumbumtima anthu. Izi ndi nthawi mapangidwe amakono, zomwe zinali zochokera maganizo anaika Kuzindikira yovuta. Iye adakwanitsa kupambana pa kalata boma kuti amatsatira Academy of Tirhana Guide. Pakuti chithunzicho likusonyeza m'nthano ndi baibulo mitu, olungama ndi lingaliro lakuti muli pamwamba moyo.

Mu 1863, ena omaliza maphunziro a Academy anakana kuti akonze dongosolo mapulogalamu. Ophunzira amapatsidwa nkhani, kunyezimiritsa mavuto a anthu masiku ano, ndipo anakana. Mu Zionetsero, iwo anasiya sukulu popanda kulemba amachita, ndipo anapanga I.Kramskoy "Petersburg Artel ojambula zithunzi." Kenako, mu Moscow iwo unapangidwa bungwe ndi Association ya Wanderers mu 1870, zomwe umavumbula luso zisudzo m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa kanjedza otchuka pakati pa Wanderers anali Repin Ilya Efimovich. zaluso a pamwamba peredvizhnicheskogo luso. Amaonetsa mavuto onse a moyo ndipo anthu kusintha mofulumira chimene chingakhudze muzochitika zones za moyo, omwe sakanakhoza koma zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu mu luso.

Apadera draftsman, colorist ndi portraitist, mbuye polemba chinenero ndi mbiri yakale zojambula, IE Repin Iye anasiya chuma luso cholowa.

kupenta achipembedzo

Pa kubadwa kwake chimodzi Ilya Repin kwa nthawi yoyamba anapatsidwa mphatso ya watercolors ndipo anayamba kudzatunga. Mu zaka 12, luso mnyamata anatsimikiza kuphunzira zojambulajambula m'dera I. M. Bunakovu (chigawo Kharkiv) mu Chuguev. ntchito yake yoyamba buku la chizindikiro chosonyeza St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Mu zaka 15, Eliya ali ndi zifukwa zabwino akhoza zimachitika wodziimira amisiri mbuye mafano. Iye anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la m'misili ndi ojambula zithunzi.

Utoto mipingo, madongosolo munthu zithunzi - choncho anayamba ntchito yake luso Ilya Repin. Zojambula, zipsera, zithunzi, wotchuka m'njira zake zabwino moyo, chiyambi wauzimu, anajambulapo omveka a chikhalidwe ndi tsankho zake zonse ndi maganizo zachilengedwe, adzakhala analenga ina. Ntchito yoyamba ya wojambula - Zojambula achipembedzo, mutu umene unali ipyole pa ntchito zonse za I. E. Repina.

Choyamba ntchito yaikulu, zimene zinabweretsa ulemerero mnyamata fifitini, anakhala chizindikiro cha "Kupachikidwa" lolembedwa ndi K. Shteybena kupenta "Gologota". Ilya Repin anakhala wotchuka mbuye ku mudzi wa.

Kuti anapulumuka woyamba watercolor wojambula - "View wa sukulu lankhondo la oyeza mu Chuguev", chojambulidwa cha 1857.

Mu 1863, Ilya analowa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Maphunziro ntchito ya wojambula achinyamata kuti kupereka ndi mphoto apamwamba - n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi, anali kupenta "The Kulera mwana wamkazi wa Yairo Mulungu."

Pakuti nkhani zachipembedzo Repin anabwerera mobwerezabwereza kuchita chizindikiro-penti ntchito. Mu chaka cha 1898, kuti tikhale malo, amene adatuluka nalalikira Khristu, Ilya Yefimovich anapita Land Woyera. Apa, zipangizo kwa kupenta "mayesero a Khristu" asonkhanitsa, kwalembedwa, "Khristu Kunyamula mtanda".

Wolemba wina wa ku Russia kupenta

m'nthawi wina ziboliboli anamusilira mwaluso zachinyengo Mipikisano chithunzi nyimbo ndi mtundu wanyimbo ngati "Amoyo" zithunzi.

Chimodzi mwa zochitika mochititsa chidwi kwambiri luso Russian anakhala "Bwato Haulers pa Volga". chithunzi anali penti pambuyo ulendo wa Volga mu 1870. Iwo anachititsa chidwi kwambiri anthu. Mlembi amanena ngati mwini osiyanasiyana yaikulu. Kukhala dzina wotchuka - Ilya Repin. Pictures, mafotokozedwe iwo ayamba opezeka atolankhani magaziniyo. Makamaka kwambiri nkhani za "Haulers Bwato pa Volga". Malinga ndi wojambula V. V. Stasova owawa anthu tsoka, poyera monga nyama paketi, silinakumanepo anaonekera monga pa lona mu chotero kulemera choopsya ngati kuboola poyambira.

The mphoto apamwamba analandira mu Academy of Tirhana, Repin anapereka ufulu kwa muyende ulendo wopita ku France. M'chaka cha 1873 iye kuzungulira Austria ndi Italy. M'makalata ake ndi abwenzi Stasov Tretyakov, Kramskoy amauza amasangalatsa wa zojambula ndi Titian, Veronese, Michelangelo, chilakolako chake zithunzi za Rembrandt, Velasquez. Mu Paris, iye akupereka, wotchuka kwambiri pokhala "Paris Cafe", "Sadko", "wakuda mkazi".

The zaka golide wa zilandiridwenso Repin inali nthawi kuchokera tsiku Atabwerera kwawo. Zikuoneka wake Mipikisano mtundu wanyimbo ndi nyimbo zakale, zithunzi zokongola. zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'moyo, chuma cha mitundu wowerengeka ndi zilembo ankafotokozedwa ndi zosaneneka mphamvu Ilya Repin. zojambula wake ngati anamasuliridwa ngati amafotokoza za luso la chi. Izi adzazunzidwa, kukwiya, "Munthu ndi diso loipa" ndi "madikoni athu Tingafinye" - ". Archdeacon" Izi mokondwera, osadziletsa kuvina wamba, luso anthu a mu filimu "Vechornitsi" ndi amasiyanitsa chikhalidwe, kusemphana kwambiri otchulidwa nyimbo "Religious chionetsero mu Kursk Province". chithunzicho amalowerera kulenga tanthauzo la kanthu zomwe zinkaoneka kulankhula maso wowerenga a.

Ilya Repin - wojambula, amene zojambula kusonyeza zonse mozama maganizo a moyo. Kumvetsa chiyambi cha khalidwe dziko, zolinga nkhondo osiyana mbiri, mphamvu ya zochitika maganizo, anatembenukira kwa nzika akale. Choncho zinalengedwa nkhani zoterezi za kukhala Sophia Alekseevna mu za Novodevichy Akatolika, kupha Sitefano Ivanom Groznym mwana wake Ivan. Chinali ndi kumusonyeza ukuperekedwa despotism. The wojambula woyamba amene wapereka chosintha populists anakhala Repin Ilya Efimovich. Penti "The kumangidwa kwa zokopa", "Mu kuperekezedwa", "Mwadzidzidzi" ndipo ena kusonyeza chisoni momveka kwa anthu otchulidwa wake. A ankatha kusiyanitsa modernity ndi mfundo kuona ntchito Repin a.

portraiture

Ndi 90 TH chaka Repin analengedwa zikutipatsa zithunzi. Ambiri a iwo ndi zithunzi za asayansi otchuka olemba, analemba ndi ojambula zithunzi. mtundu wa wangwiro ntchito ya "Mwambo Msonkhano wa bungwe State." Mu zikuchokera izi, chithunzicho anakwanitsa kudzatunga ambiri ndithu amene alipo ambiri amene ali kufotokoza maganizo anapatsidwa.

M'dera la chithunzi zithunzi Ilya Repin akwaniritsa luso lalikulu. chithunzi cha V. A. Serova, I. S. Ostrouhova, Eleonora Duse ndi zina wolemekezeka chitsanzo wokongola. Mphamvu ya kalembedwe, free, kalata lonse amapanga maphunziro awa pamwamba luso Repin zojambulajambula.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Ngakhale pa moyo wake, nyengo ya kuzindikira pagulu kwambiri, mosalekeza wojambula, kodi kwenikweni Ilya Repin. zojambula wake zoona yosonyeza nthawi zosiyanasiyana mbiri ya Russian, sandwiching ndi ukulu, mphamvu, ululu ndi kufooka kwa Russia.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Repin ankakhala ku dera la Finland Kuokkala chuma, ikutchedwa iwo "moto ndi kunyumba." Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, iye anakana kupita, pa mkulu mlingo boma, kubwerera ku dziko lapansi. Kuti aperekepo zojambula ake zakale, sizinatayike kukhudza ndi anzanu ndipo otsatira I. Brodsky, K. Chukovsky, koma kunyumba sakubwerera.

chithunzicho anakhala ndi moyo wautali zipatso moyo zokwanira, kutsegula njira analenga katswiri chilungamo ndi ubwino.