Amunamuna ndakatulo - ziri ... ndakatulo zozizwitsa mu mabuku

Kodi ndakatulo zozizwitsa? Mwachionekere, iyi ndi mawu kutanthauza ina zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo. Kuposa amakhala ndi osiyana ndi enawo? Mu mayiko zinalengedwa ntchito zimenezi? Kodi n'chiyani chitsanzo polemba chinenero ichi? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa amapezeka m'nkhani.

The zikuchokera zosiyana

Ndithudi, "amunamuna ndakatulo" - ndi gulu yaitali. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo ziwiri: "ndakatulo" ndi "Hero". N'chinthu chanzeru uliwonse payokha, ndiyeno kuphatikiza tanthauzo.

Ndakatulo (kuchokera Greek. Poiema «chilengedwe") monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi buku lalikulu la mankhwala m'mavesi zokhudza lyric-epic mtundu. Ntchito imeneyi imakhala magawo angapo, ogwirizana ndi storyline imodzi, imene Nkhani zapita Mulimonse zofunika. Features a ndakatulo monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba:

• unwrapped nkhani (zithunzi zambiri komanso zochitika);
• Nkhani kumpoto (nthawizina chimakwirira zaka ndi mibadwo);
• kwambiri lotseguka chithunzi m'nyimbo.

ndakatulo chiyambi kugona mu epics akale ndi akale.

Hero (.. Kuchokera geros Greek «ndi olimba mtima, wamphamvu, ndi Demi mulungu" ndi French heros «ngwazi») - mabuku, mawu amaimira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• ndi protagonist ntchito;
• Polimbikitsa wolimba, yoimba anamanganso.

Anapanga kuchokera nauni "ziphona" ndi adjective "zozizwitsa", motero, angatanthauze zotsatirazi:

• angathe ungwazi;
• kulongosola zochitika aliyense amunamuna.

Amunamuna ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo: Tanthauzo

Ntchito matanthauzo a "ndakatulo" ndi "ziphona" akhoza kukonza, kutanthauza "amunamuna ndakatulo". Izi multipart mabuku ntchito ndakatulo, nkhani ya zomwe zina zochitika zofunika ndi amunamuna zimakonda ndi zilembo lodziwika bwino ndi zochuluka zawo kapena kuyenda.

Amunamuna ndakatulo - ndi koposa zonse, mogometsa, ndilo buku kukonzedwa wowerengeka epic, khalidwe a anthu ambiri ndi amene wakhalapo kuyambira masiku amakedzana.

Amunamuna ndakatulo mu maonekedwe ena ndi ena kulibe pafupifupi mu mtundu wa dziko. miyambo yadzaoneni wowerengeka pang'onopang'ono ophatikizidwa mu m'zinthu ndakatulo, ndiye muli kutchuka.

Childs, epic ndi wolemba, pamodzi ndi kukonzedwa anthuwo zolembalemba nthano. Zitsanzo wakale epic amunamuna ndi: Indian "Ramayana" ndi "Mahabharata" Greek "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey" Old Norse "Edda" Chifinishi "Kalevala", Germany ndi "The Song wa Nibelungs", ndi French "Nyimbo ya Roland", Chitaliyana "Yerusalemu Kuwomboledwa," achingelezi "Beowulf" ndi zina zotero. N.

Kuyambira kale kuti classicism

Polemba chinenero amunamuna epic ouziridwa andakatulo ngati Kale, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira. pachimake kufika m'zaka za m'ma XVIII., Ndipo mwakhama anatengedwa mmwamba ndi anthu a classicism. Mbiri polemba chinenero cha ndakatulo anakopeka ndi pathos awo zozizwitsa, sublimity ndi nzika. The ngwazi m'nyimbo ya ndakatulo kwenikweni anali kukhala chitsanzo abwino. Classicists otchedwa ntchito izi chimake cha luso ndakatulo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse tiyenera kuyesetsa kulenga awo ndakatulo mwini amunamuna.

Pa siteji ya maluwa chakale amunamuna ndakatulo - ndi ntchito ndakatulo olembedwa chapamwamba kalembedwe ndi ongokhala angapo mitu zambiri amatchedwa "nyimbo". Mutu wa nkhani mosasintha anakhala zinachitikadi, kwambiri kwa anthu a dziko ndi zonse kwa anthu. dzina lina la mtundu wanyimbo ichi - yadzaoneni.

The zili ndakatulo amunamuna

Malinga ndi malamulo a classicism, ntchito imeneyi ayenera akuphatikizapo zigawo izi:

• anayamba kuuza nkhani za nkhani;
• Ndikukudandaulirani amene anauzira ndakatulo;
• ambiri zambiri anafotokoza nkhondo zithunzi;
• powonekera zinthu wosangalatsa ndi zilembo m'nthano;
• otchulidwa chabe woimira wachiwiri ukoma Justice, mphamvu, kaduka ndi mamita p..
• mzere wa m'tsogolo walembedwa monga uneneri.

Mu mwambo Russian

Russian amunamuna ndakatulo anayamba kupanga ntchito za M. V. Lomonosova ( "Petr Veliky"), V. K. Trediakovskogo ( "Tilemahida"), A. P. Sumarokova ( "Dimitriadi") ndi A. N. Maykova ( "anamasulidwa Moscow ") ndi M. M. Heraskova (" nkhondo "ndi" Rossiada "). ntchito izi zonse zinalembedwa kalembedwe zachikhalidwe. Ofotokozera anachita malinga ndi imodzi mwa njira zina: kaya luso mbiri lalikulu chiwembu. Mbali yoyamba ankalimbikitsa pa kusunga lolondola ndi mbiri, ndipo chachiwiri - pa kumasulira luso la zochitika za m'mbuyomu ndi chitukuko cha kuwunika awo abwino. Choncho ena Russian amunamuna ndakatulo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake kalembedwe ndi cholinga.

Mu mwambo East

Amunamuna ndakatulo mu East ndi yaing'ono epic mtundu wanyimbo, linkadziwika kuti "Dastan" (kutanthauziridwa ku Persian "nkhani"). Ntchito imeneyi akhoza kulembedwa mu ndakatulo, nkhani komanso chinenero ngakhale wosanganiza (ie akhoza kuphatikiza ndakatulo ndi prose).

Childs, mu chiwembu dastan anagona nthano wowerengeka ndi nthano. Pakuti mtundu wanyimbo izi kawirikawiri zi- ndi ulendo nkhani ndi zosiyanasiyana amazipotokola zovuta motsatana. Chifanizo cha ngwazi ndi abwino abwino. Choncho, epos kum'mawa ndi analogue a ndakatulo European amunamuna.

polemba chinenero ichi zolembalemba ukufanizidwa mu ntchito za Chitajiki-Persia, Chiuzibeki ndi Chikazaki akuyimba. Zitsanzo za Oriental ndakatulo amunamuna: "Layla ndi Majnun", powerenga Persian ndakatulo Nizami Gyandzhevi, ndi epic ndakatulo "Shahnameh" Ferdowsi, ndakatulo Chiuzibeki ndakatulo Alisher Navoi ndi Persian-Chitajiki ndakatulo Jami.

Kufufuza njira zakale zapita kuti ndakatulo zozizwitsa, tingakhulupirire amanena kuti polemba chinenero ichi chinali khalidwe la anthu pa magawo onse linakhalapo, ndi inakulitsidwa m'madera ambiri a dziko.