Kiev wakale - likulu la Russia wakale. Kiev wakale: mbiriyakale ndi zomangamanga

Ancient Russia wakhala mphunzitsi zikhalidwe Europe. sayansi ake, gulu kalembedwe, zodyera ndi zomangamanga anamusilira kupitirira malire a boma. Nzosadabwitsa akalonga inachitika ku mtengo wapatali, ndipo aliyense wa olamulira anali ulemu kukhala abwenzi ndi kukhala ofanana nawo.

Ghostly anayambitsa mzinda

mawu onse - uwu ndi uthenga. Uthenga zimene zinatsalira kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo ya makolo. Ndipo mbiri ya Kiev wakale kubisala mu dzina lake.

Nthano wotchuka za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda - nkhani ya abale atatu wolimba: Kiy, Tsaya Horebe ndi mlongo wawo wokongola Lybid. Malinga ndi nthano, banja kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma V anaika miyala woyamba tsogolo la mzinda. Polemekeza m'bale wake wamkulu dzina lake ndi kuthetsa. Koma maganizo sayansi agawanika pa kulondola kwa mfundo imeneyi. Zakale amakhulupirira kuti weniweni m'mbiri anali cue yekha ndi abale ake - ndi nkhambakamwa za anthu. Chachiwiri mukayikire pa kuli m'bale ngakhale achikulire. Nthawi zambiri, Kiev wakale si mzinda okha amene anamanga abale atatu. Komanso mu Ulaya anamwazikana mazana a midzi ina yakale ndi muzu chomwecho. Choncho, akatswiri ndi kudzudzulidwa zosiyana.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Kukana bodza Kieu, asayansi apeza mafotokozedwe ena. Choncho, pali mawu akuti "Cove" m'chilankhulo cha Turkic, likumasuliridwa kuti "mtsinje". "Kiwi" pa chilankhulo Sarmatian zikutanthauza phiri. Pali Baibulo lakutali kwambiri. Malinga ndi iye mumzinda anatenga dzina lake kuchokera Prakrit (wakale chinenero Indian), mawu akuti "koyava" likumasuliridwa kuti "mpando wachifumu wa pamalopo." Popeza kuti Kiev - likulu la Russia wakale - lili m'dera lamapiri pa magombe a Dnieper, ndi kuyambira maziko ake wakhala likulu la elites ndale, aliyense mfundo ali ndi ufulu kukhalapo.

Ndi kwambiri mbadwa Asilavo kutanthauzira. Ndi dzina la mzinda wa ku mawu oti "cue" - ndiko kuti, ndodo, ndodo. Choncho nkhaniyi wogwidwa amatsenga ndi akalonga, ndi Kiev adadziyitanira mzinda womwe anthu awa anali. Nchifukwa chake ambiri m'mizinda namesakes mu Europe.

mtima wa Russia

Ndipotu, monga boma la Kievan Yairo kulibe. akuti anayamba asayansi kuti asasokonezeke pakati Russia, kupangidwa mu IX zaka Muscovy, lomwe ndi zaka zisanu achikulire.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, mmodzi wa limati lalikulu ku Ulaya, likulu umene unali Kiev wakale, chabe anaitana Lazaro. Dera anthu East Asilavo chomwe pambuyo wafunsira kwa Ukrainians, Belarusians ndi Russia. Pakhala kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma Zamalonda. Dziko anaonekera pa njira zoyendera ku Scandinavia pansi pamodzi ndi Dnieper Nyanja Black kuti Byzantium. msewu uwu amatchedwa "njira ku Scandinavia ndi Ahelene."

Mu zaka za m'ma IX ku Novgorod anawatcha Rurik kulamulira Scandinavia. Ichi chidachitika ndi cholinga. Mlendo amayenera kukhazikitsa bata. Koma magwero ena odalirika, natsimikiza mawu a "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" (otchulidwa Nkhani zonsezi) si. The woimira boma latsopanolo afika pa anthu anaitana tiers. Iwo anapita ku Scandinavia ndi mawu akuti "Lazaro".

Akalonga loyamba

Mu 862 anafika ndi Rurik Askold ndi Dir anagonjetsa Kiev wakale. Malinga ndi zina - amuna awa anali mbadwa za Chia wotchuka, amene anayambitsa mzinda.

882 m'pamene panasinthira mu mbiri. Ndi Kiev anapita Prince Oleg. Iye anali mtundu wa Rurik. Atamwalira yotsirizira anakhala regent mwana wake Igor ndi anayamba kulamulira dziko Novgorod. Pamaulendo anafika ku Kiev ndipo anaphunzira za amene akulamulira kumeneko. Kenako anabisa Asilikali ake otchedwa olamulira yekha, wodzitcha yekha ogulitsa. Askold ndi Dir anatsogozedwa ndi nyambo ndi amene kenako anaphedwa ndi Oleg asilikali. Regent Igor anaona kuti ndi banja osati kalonga, kotero mulibe ufulu kukhala pa mpando wachifumu.

Popeza Kiev wakale anakhala likulu latsopano, mwakutero timathandizana madera awiri a Asilavo. Zinali Prince Oleg asayansi amakhulupirira tate wa Kievan Lazaro.

chikhalidwe wachikunja

Long isanafike dziko Kiev anthu olamulira Mkhristu wa Amitundu, amene anali awo chikhalidwe yekha ndi zomangamanga.

Kum'mawa Asilavo anakhulupirira mphamvu za chilengedwe, nampembedza iwo. Places kulambira anakhala mfundo mphamvu, kumene amphamvu lachinsinsi mphamvu. Monga ulamuliro, awa anali mapiri. Iwo anakonza makolo athu akachisi. Icho chinali choyamba a zomangamanga wakale wa Kiev. Kawirikawiri pakati anaima chithunzi cha mtengo kapena mwala fano. Ine kunali guwa, umene okhulupirika anapereka mphatso. akachisi awa apezeka paphiri Annunciation, umene unali malo opatulika kwa mphezi mulungu Perun.

Ancient Asilavo Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa mapiri, ngakhale iwo anakhala makamaka pa mitsinje. Ku mapiri anapemphera nsembe. Kufikira tsopano lino, Kiev zisungidwe malo awo olambirira. Kawirikawiri ndi mwala bwalo ndi zolosera pa ngodya zinai za dziko lapansi. Komabe, akachisi anali malo ndale, amene analankhula nkhani zofunika kwambiri. General mapu Hrs wa Kiev wakale amatsegula malo onse kulambira Okhulupirira Old. Aliyense phiri wakhala pakati pa nsembe mwambo.

Pali zinadziwika kuti amafano anamanga akachisi kwa zaka zingapo pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity.

Pearl Christianity

Ndi kubera akalonga atchukitsa Chikhristu. Zinali maziko a zomangamanga a Russia ndipo anapereka malangizo atsopano chitukuko cha kukula mwauzimu.

Poyamba, chipembedzo zinali za matabwa. Mwala woyamba anali likulu la kulambira Mpingo wa Chachikhumi, amene analemekeza Kiev wakale. Photo kukhazikitsanso wake umenewu mapulani amaganizira za m'masiku a. Khalani bwino akhoza kukhala mu History wa Kiev owonetsera zakale.

Chinali chozizwitsa imagwira chuma chawo ndi ulemerero. Iwo inamangidwa 989 zaka chifukwa misonkho. Pakuti kumanga ake anabweretsa ojambula zithunzi yabwino ku Byzantium. Iye anali molemera chokongoletsedwa mkati. Chiwerengero cha Zithunzi, frescoes ndi zithunzi adakali Sadadzipangire kuwerengedwa. Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana chinali chiyambi cha kugwa kwake.

zomangamanga wamakono wa Kiev

Mbiri ya Kiev wakale zisungidwe zomangamanga mpaka lero. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi St. Sophia Cathedral. Miyala woyamba anaikidwa mu 1037. Tinayesetsa pa izo Constantinopolitan ndi Asilavo mapulani. M'zaka XVII-XVIII, tchalitchi anamangidwanso mu Chiyukireniya kalembedwe Baroque. Mu 1934, iye anakhala kowonera zakale - Sofia Reserve.

Asayansi ndi kukangana za amene anali Mlengi wa lingaliro kumanga mpingo - Vladimir ndi mwana wake Yaroslav.

Golden Gate - mmodzi wa Russia chipilala a zomangamanga, zomwe zimakondweretsa ngakhale lero. Kuwonjezera ganizo chikhalidwe, pomanga cholinga inabala chitetezo. mzinda mwachangu anamanga acimuuza malinga. Dzinali linachokera kwa analogi kwa Constantinople.

Zomangamanga - nthawi makina posonyeza wa Kiev wakale. zinthu chithunzi angapezeke mu nkhani, koma ndi bwino lidzaone.