Kodi mungakonde bwanji pichesi pakati pa gulu la Russia?

Mitengo yokhala ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zokometsera kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mapichesi, ndizo mabanja a pinki ndipo ndizo gawo la almond subgenus. Kunja, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera zina za m'kalasili. Komabe, iwo ali ndi imodzi, koma kusiyana kwakukulu. Ichi ndi chipatso chawo.

Mbiri yakugawa

Zoonadi, kodi chikhalidwechi chimachokera kuti, sizingatheke, ngakhale, malinga ndi buku lina, malo obadwira a pichesi ndi Celestial. Mitundu yakutchire inalinso ku India. Ndiye olima a ku Perisiya anayamba kukula, ndipo kenako chomeracho chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya - makamaka, Italy. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kwa chikhalidwe ku Eurasian continent.

Kulima mtengo wa pichesi kumpoto kwa America, kumene zipatso izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zakumwa, kuphatikizapo mowa. Kulima kwa yamapichesi ku Russia kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1600. Zoonadi, kukumana ndi mtengo wamundawu kungakhale kumadera akum'mwera.

Kumene kumakula mapeyala

Ku Russia, zolima za chikhalidwechi zimakhala makamaka kumwera kwa dziko lathu - ku Dagestan, Krasnodar Territory, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera chisanu kukana m'madera ena, izo zabzala pa apricots. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yowonongeka kwambiri kwa Russian zigawo ndi Krasnoshcheky. Komabe, ku dera la Voronezh, "Golden Summer" kapena "Stepnyak Rossoshansky" amakula bwino.

Kutentha kwa chilimwe sikofunika kwambiri kwa mtengo wa pichesi, kuposa nyengo yozizira, komabe, nthawi yakukolola imadalira iwo. Malo a Russia, momwe thermometer sagwera pansi pa 24 ° C kuyambira June mpaka September, ndi abwino kwambiri kulima chikhalidwe ichi. M'nyengo yozizirayi, kutentha sikuyenera kugwera m'munsimu madigiri khumi pansi pa zero: chomera, ngakhale icho chimalekerera nthawi zovuta, koma chimwalira pa -25 ° C mosaganizira.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha mitundu yatsopano, yosasunthika kwambiri, chikhalidwechi chinayamba kukula ngakhale m'deralo monga gulu la pakati la Russia. Ndipo tsopano zoyesayesa za obereketsa sizingagulidwe kokha, koma ngakhale m'minda ya madera awa, ambiri amakula yowutsa mudyo komanso yamapichesi okoma.

Pakatikati mwa Russia

Chithunzi cha chipatso ichi nthawi yomweyo chikugwirizana ndi nyengo yotentha. Koma sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti ngakhale anthu okhala m'chigawo cha Moscow akhoza kudya pichesi yawo lero. Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, mitengoyi imabzalidwa makamaka ndi amateur wamaluwa. Pachifukwa ichi, pakukula mbewuyi, njira zenizeni zogona pokhala ndi chisanu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Kwa okonda ambiri, pichesi yomwe ili pakatikati ya Russia pafupifupi chaka chilichonse imapereka zokolola zabwino kwambiri, zokondwera ndi zipatso zosavuta ndi zonunkhira m'malo movuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti kusankhidwa kwa chipatsochi m'dziko lathu ndi kunja kuli kovuta kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulima ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa zipatso zina zamwala. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, akatswiri akuyesetsa kuti asapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu, komanso omwe ali ndi khalidwe labwino labwino, zoyendetsa galimoto, komanso yosungirako ndi kukonza. Komabe, mavuto aakulu omwe amachititsa kulima yamapichesi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi kusintha kwawo kwa chisanu ndi kukana matenda akuluakulu, monga curly, powdery mildew ndi ena. Poganizira zitsimikizidwe za akatswiri, posachedwa kwambiri mbewu zofanana ngati pichesi zidzaswedwa.

Pakatikatikati mwa Russia chithunzi cha mtengo uwu chimafanana ndi chitsamba. Ndipo izi ndi zomveka: teknolojia iyi ya kukula, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, imapereka zotsatira zabwino.

Zida

Kukula pichesi pakati pa Russia sikophweka. Ambiri amadziwa za chikhalidwe chokwanira cha chikhalidwe ichi. Choncho, anthu ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi atatha kuyesa kuti asamayesedwe bwino ndikuganiza momwe angamerere pichesi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, adafika pamapeto pake kuti ndi chipatso chabwino koposa ngati chitsamba. Kuchokera mumtengo mumtengo umodzi ndikofunikira kuchoka pang'ono (pafupifupi makumi anayi kapena makumi asanu ndi limodzi masentimita wamtali) ndondomeko, yomwe imakhala yopweteka kwambiri muzuzi. Kuchokera pamenepo muyenera kupanga tchire, zomwe kenako zidzasintha ndipo zidzakupatsani zokolola zabwino.

Zosankha zosiyanasiyana

Muyenera kubzala pichesi yosiyana pakati pa Russia. Mitundu yabwino yoyenera kumadera akum'mwera, pafupifupi osayima mizu, ambiri amakonda mitundu yambiri. Mukhozanso kupeza mbande zanu, kubzala mafupa, ndiyeno nkunyamula mbewu zomwe zimakhala zolimba komanso zovuta kwambiri.

Pogula mbande m'masitolo apadera, nkofunikira kufotokozera mawu a fruiting a zosiyanasiyana ndikusankha kwambiri oyambirira komanso ochepa. Zolemba zambiri zabwino za wamaluwa a chigawo chapakati adasiyidwa pa mitundu iyi: "2-Sh-10", "Dneprovsky", "Early", "Belgorod".

Peach "Krasnoslobodsky" m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, chomwe chimakhala chosasinthasintha cha chisanu, chomwe chingathe kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri makumi awiri, kuzikhala bwino. Kuonjezera apo, ikukula mofulumira: pakuti chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu pa icho chikuwoneka chipatso chosangalatsa cholemera makilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu, kuzungulira. Mitengo yamtundu wachikasu ya mitundu iyi yokhala ndi zofiira zofiira kumbali yomwe ikukula padzuwa, imakhala ndi mchere wonyeketsa ndi kukoma kokometsetsa.

Kubzala kwa mbande

Pofuna kukolola bwino m'chilimwe, munthu ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe angaperekere pichesi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia poyamba, chifukwa chikhalidwechi ndichilendo. Ndipo mopanda phindu pazinthu izi ndi malo osankhidwa bwino omwe akubzala. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo okwanira bwino, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira. Njira yabwino ndi malo pafupi ndi khoma lakummwera kwa nyumbayi - panyumba kapena m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Silingaloledwe kubzala mbande pakati pa mitengo mumunda wakale.

Nthaŵi yoyenera yobzala mbewu ngati pichesi pakati pa chigawo cha Russia ndikumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Mukhoza kubzala mwamsanga mutatha nthaka, mutenge pang'ono. Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuchedwa kwa kutuluka, chifukwa sichikhala nthawi yaitali kuti azizoloŵera ndipo nthawi zina amafa.

M'dzinja ndi zosayenera kudzala mtengo, popeza kuti mwina osakanizidwa mbande adzafota. Chombo chodzera chokhala ndi mamita awiri kufika pa mita imodzi ndi kuya kwasankhidwa malingana ndi mtundu wa dothi ayenera kukonzekera pafupifupi mu October.

Mapangidwe

Peach pakati pa Russia, ndemanga za kulima zomwe zimasonyeza kuti zokolola zabwino zowonongeka ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba, ndizofunika kudula mwamsanga mutabzala. Izi zimachitika motere: mmera umapangidwa ndi mtundu wa mbale - popanda tsinde, kotero kuti nthambi za chigoba zimachoke mwachindunji kuchokera kunthaka. Pewani kumtengowo masentimita makumi awiri okha kuti mupange mwamsanga mtengo wa nkhuni ndi kuyambiranso mwamsanga kwa korona ngati chisanu, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chipatso chimathamangira pansi pa chisanu, amakhala ndi masamba okwanira.

Peach yachitsulo imapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zazikulu zisanu, zomwe zimayandikana - pa masentimita khumi ndi asanu mpaka makumi awiri. Pambuyo pake, masika aliwonse, nyengo ikakhala ikukhazikika komanso poopsezedwa ndi chisanu, mitengo yowonongeka yamatabwa imapangidwa, monga mphesa. Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapakati zotsamba ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka makumi awiri mphambu makumi atatu, ndipo zili kale pansi pawo - mpaka masentimita khumi.

Izi sizikutsimikizira fruiting yokwanira ya pichesi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, komanso kubwezeretsa.

M'chilimwe, mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimafika mamita khumi ndi asanu, zimachotsedwa pa impso zakunja, ndipo zonsezi, kuphatikizapo ziwoneka pamalo a tsinde, zimachotsedwa. Ngati nthambi iliyonse iposa ena kukula, iyenera kufupikitsidwa kwa impso.

Kupaka zovala ndi kuthirira

Kuti fruiting yabwino ndi kukula, mtengo wa pichesi womwe ukukula pakatikati uyenera kudyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu pa nyengo iliyonse yokula. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chingwecho chiyenera kuperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Izi ziyenera kukhala ammonium nitrate ndi nitroammophoska kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Nthawi yachiwiri zofanana zomwezo ziyenera kukhala umuna kumapeto kwa April, ndi lachitatu - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June.

Ngati dothi louma, ndiye kuti masiku atatu musanagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, kuti asawotche mizu yawo. Kufesa mitengo yachinyamata yochulukirapo, wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino amachepetsa magawo kawiri, poganiza kuti ndi bwino kuperewera kusiyana ndi kuwononga zakudyazo. Momwe zimakhalira nthawi yake komanso kuthirira nthawi, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kuzungulirana kwa chingwe komanso kuthana ndi udzu nthawi zonse.

Pogona m'nyengo yozizira

M'nyengo yophukira, chifukwa cha mitengo ya pichesi yomwe ikukula mu lamba la Russia, imakhala yofunikira kukhazikitsa mpweya wouma mpweya, mwachitsanzo, mabokosi a polystyrene kapena polystyrene, kukula kwa makoma omwe ayenera kukhala osachepera khumi masentimita. Pa denga mumafunika kuika pulasitiki, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndi bwino kuphimba kapangidwe ka chisanu.

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndi kubwerera kwa chimfine, mpweya uyenera kutsegulidwa mwamsanga, ndipo mu May, pamene palibe chisanu choyembekezeredwa, kusungunula kungachotsedwe kwathunthu.

Kuwonjezera apo, m'nyengo yozizira, tsinde ndi chigoba nthambi za pichesi mitengo imayenera kuikidwa ndi mandimu, yomwe imaphatikizapo mkuwa sulphate, komanso imamangiriza ndi bango kapena spruce paws, ndipo ngati palibe, ndi pepala kapena burlap: chinthu chilichonse, kupatulapo polyethylene filimu. Chochitikachi chidzateteza chikhalidwe ku chisanu ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, kuthandiza kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoswe.

Kuberekera kwa pichesi

Mbewu za chipatso ichi zimapitirizabe kumera mkati mwa chaka. Amafunika kubzala mwatsopano kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika atangoyamba kukonzekera miyezi itatu. Ndipo mbande, analandira mwanjira iyi, limamera ndi chaka chachitatu.

Kuwonjezera pa mbewu, pichesi yomwe ili m'katikati mwa dziko lathu ikhoza kubala ndi katemera kapena cuttings, koma njira izi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna maphunziro apadera kwa wamaluwa.