Ushinsky: yonena za mphunzitsi wamkulu

Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky anabadwa mu mzinda wa Tula. Kuwakokera ku otchuka, koma kwa zaka khumi maphunziro zinachitika kunyumba. Kenako analembedwa zolimbitsa thupi lachitatu. Mu khumi zana chaka cha forte zikubvomerezanso yopemphera ku dipatimenti malamulo a University Moscow. Choncho anayamba yachilendo ndi chidwi moyo wa aphunzitsiwo. Ushinsky, amene yonena tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, zoyenera tsoka lake lonse la chiphunzitso, kuganizira chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

zaka okhwima. Yaroslavl

patapita zaka zingapo pambuyo maphunziro pa yunivesite ya Ushinsky kupereka positi
Pulofesa wina wa zachuma ndi ndalama pa Yaroslavl Demidov Lyceum. nkhani wake ndimasewera udachita iye chikhulupiriro chonse ndi kusirira ngakhale kwa ophunzira ambiri. A nthawi zina ntchito yake yophunzitsa, iye anapereka Kukwezeleza kudziwa zachilengedwe ndi mbiri yakale, ntchito Mwaichi malo mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya kumaloko, anagonjetsedwa ndi iye miyezi ingapo kuti mazana khumi ndi makumi anayi ndi chitatu chaka. Koma funso la ntchito pedagogical ndi monga mkonzi sunali Ushinsky, chifukwa mbiri yake ndi zonse zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Chinkhoswe mu kuphunzitsa, Ushinsky angakubwezereninso ku ungwiro analandira mu maphunziro zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso. Potero anatha kusintha njira zambiri zophunzitsira ntchito kale. Koma izi itha Yaroslavl nthawi mu moyo wa Constantine Ushinsky, amene yonena limayenda ndi kudana ndi kusamvetsetsa pa mbali ya boma ndi chikondi cha anthu wamba. Pandzidzi amaganiziridwa chisoni maganizo chosintha ndi anachotsedwa ntchito.

Petersburg

Ushinsky anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Ndipo mu mzinda uno nthawi latsopano,
pamene Ushinsky, amene yonena ndi zonse zochitika latsopano ndi zidindo, adzakhala kuti achoke kwawo chifukwa zochitika zotsatirazi. Mu St. Petersburg, iye ankachita nawo kulemba nkhani zothandiza m'munda wa pedagogy ndi maphunziro zosiyanasiyana magazini, ndipo wakhala chophunzitsa za mabuku ndi madera mu Gatchina wamasiye Institute. Komanso, kuyendera Institute Smolny. Koma malo atsopano panali anthu amene anali kusakhutira ndi mfundo pang'onopang'ono kwa mphunzitsi. Anamuimbanso wabalalitsidwa, kukakamiza Konstantin Dmitrievich kuchita zolembalemba ndi pedagogical ntchito, umene tinathera zaka wake womaliza wa moyo. Chikadzangotha kuchotsedwa ntchito mphunzitsi mukuganiza kupita kudziko lina ndipo akupitiriza yaitali inatenga zaka zoposa zisanu, ulendo ku Ulaya. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira maphunziro, kuyesera kuphunzira kwa zipangizo zawo zimene akanatha ndipo amagwira ntchito ku mabungwe ofanana mu Russia. Choncho, KD Ushinsky, amene yonena anali zosiyanasiyana ndithu, anakakamizika kusamutsa mabuku ake ukatswiri, popeza osati kudzipereka kwa utakhala wake ndiwotani - pedagogy, chifukwa zopinga analengedwa ndi akuluakulu. Vuto lalikulu mu yophunzitsa Ushinsky anali bukhu la pedagogy - "Munthu monga phunziro la maphunziro, zinthu zimene Anthropology maphunziro," amene anayesa zambiri ndi kusamutsa Zomwe mungaphunzire kwa anthu ena m'tsogolo. ntchito udzatha Ushinsky moyo.

imfa

Ushinsky anafa makumi awiri wachiwiri wa December, limodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi sevente chaka. Choncho afa Konstantin Ushinsky, amene yonena nthaŵi yaitali adzatsala chitsanzo cha mazana a aphunzitsi padziko lonse.