Mabizinezi lalikulu la Russia. mabizinezi Industrial ku Russia

Makampani ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu za zovuta chuma dziko. udindo wake kutsogolera anatsimikiza chifukwa chakuti iwo amapereka kwa onse kumabungwe a chuma , zipangizo zatsopano, zipangizo. Mwa zigawo zina yaima rayono- ndi complexing ntchito.

Mwachidule za makampani mu Russia

Pakali pano, chiwerengero cha makampani mu Russia ali pafupi ndi chilemba cha 460 zikwi, iwo amapereka ntchito kwa pafupifupi 15 miliyoni anthu, ndi mabuku katundu wawo kuposa chizindikiro cha rubles biliyoni 21. Makampani a dziko lathu amakhala ndi kuipidwa ndi mitundumitundu dongosolo osiyanasiyana kuti amasonyeza kusintha kusintha kwa mphamvu lapansi, kukula kwa Kupititsa gulu la ntchito. Iwo chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso.

Gawo

Modern mabizinezi m'mafakitale Russia amakhala ndi msinkhu ndi mkulu wa specialization. Chifukwa magawano kukulitsa ntchito anatuluka kumabungwe osiyanasiyana, boma kumabungwe ndi mitundu ya ulimi. Pamodzi, iwo apanga dongosolo nthambi. Khumi mafakitale zovuta monga magetsi, mafuta, akakhala ndi nonferrous zitsulo, zokhomakhoma ndi luso lopanga, petrochemical, mankhwala, zamkati ndi pepala, nkhalango, processing nkhuni, processing chakudya, makampani kuwala zili mu gulu zamakono panopa. Chigawo otere anatsimikiza ndi zifukwa zambiri ndi anthu onse maka- wamkulu ndizo patsogolo luso, mlingo wa chitukuko, zinthu ndi mbiri yakale, masoka zinthu, kupanga luso am'deralo.

Makampani angathe kugawidwa:

• Migodi. Izi zikuphatikizapo mafakitale zokhudzana osati kwa migodi, komanso patsogolo awo. Komanso zikuphatikizapo nsomba nyama za m'madzi, nsomba ndi nsomba.
• Processing. Zikuphatikizapo mabizinezi m'mafakitale Russia chinkhoswe mu processing mankhwala makampani migodi. Komanso, monga mitundu processing a nkhalango ndi zipangizo zaulimi yaiwisi. makampani ndi maziko a makampani onse katundu wa dziko.

The makampani waukulu wa Russia. OAO "Gazprom"

Taganizirani atsogoleri zisanu ndi ziwiri mu kusanja makampani yaikulu m'dziko lathu. Mu kulemba mndandanda amaganizira chuma chawo, revenues ndi phindu. Makamaka mu mndandanda chimphona zikuphatikizapo mabizinezi mankhwala Russia, kapena kani, mmodzi wa nthambi amene anakulira - mafuta. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Choncho, yamphamvu mtsogoleri - ndi JSC "Gazprom". Izi Russian kampani mpweya anakhazikitsidwa mu 1989. Iye amagwira ntchito m'munda wa kupanga mafuta ndi mafakitale mpweya kufalitsidwa. "Gazprom" zinachitika lakhumi mu dziko kwa chuma chake ndi ndalama ali pa udindo 24 mu kusanja makampani padziko lonse. Dongosolo mpweya mayendedwe a ogwira ntchito ndi 160 zikwi makilomita ndipo motalikitsa pa dziko. peresenti 51 makampani boma akumeneko. Msika mtengo wa "Gazprom" kuposa biliyoni 156 dollars. US, zolowa ake a $ biliyoni 150. Madola, ndi chuma akuti oposa biliyoni 303. Madola. kampani limapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa zikwi mazana anai.

"Lukoil"

Poganizira mabizinezi lalikulu la Russia, sikutheka osanenapo za kampani imeneyi. Iwo lili pa nambala wachiwiri kusanja wathu. Ndi bungwe khamu mu 1991. The ntchito yaikulu ya JSC ndi zinthu zimene, kupanga kuyenga ndi kugulitsa mafuta ndiponso gasi. Mpaka 2007 anali ndi kampani yaikulu pa ulimi wa mafuta, mwa mawu a ndalama zimatengera malo yachiwiri itatha "Gazprom". Kumayambiriro a 2011, nkhokwe ya "Lukoil" wa chimasanduka ndi kampani wachitatu kusanja padziko lonse makampani, komanso zitsime zamafuta - a dziko loyamba. Choncho, msika mtengo wake uposa $ biliyoni 55; katundu - madola biliyoni 90,6; zolowa - $ 105 biliyoni; pachaka revenues - madola biliyoni 111,4; phindu - madola biliyoni 10,4. kampani limapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa zana limodzi zikwi makumi asanu.

OJSC "Rosneft"

kampaniyo apitambo mndandanda wa makampani Russian, ndi katundu amene akhoza kupikisana ndi zimphona lonse. JSC analengedwa mu 1993. ntchito yake yaikulu - ndi ntchito nzeru, mafuta ndi gasi, komanso kupanga mafuta ndi petrochemical mankhwala. Choona chidwi ndi kuti kampani mu 2007, anaposa ake "Lukoil" mpikisano mu mawu a mafuta kupanga kudzera kugula "chuma Yukos. Mtengo wa ogwira ntchito izi za $ biliyoni 80 .; zolowa - madola biliyoni 63; ndalama - za $ 60 biliyoni; katundu - madola mabiliyoni 106; phindu anafika $ biliyoni 11,3. "Rosneft" kampani imapereka ntchito kwa anthu 170 sauzande.

OJSC "Sberbank la Russia"

Bungweli chikutsimikizira kuti lalikulu boma akumeneko mabizinezi Russia ntchito osati makampani extractive, mu malo chachinayi mu kusanja wathu ndi kampani ndalama. JSC ndi chilengedwe banki dongosolo monga lili osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse wa mautumiki. Choncho, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2009 cholowa mu Russian gawo msika anali maperesenti oposa 50 ndi ndalama ngongole mbiri peresenti kuposa makumi atatu za ngongole zimene anali chikalata kudutsa dziko. Msika mtengo wa "ndalama Bank" ndi za $ 75 biliyoni; gawo la chuma - madola biliyoni 282,4; phindu - madola biliyoni 31,8. kampani imapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa 240 zikwi.

OJSC "TNK-BP Ndagwira"

Kampaniyi unapangidwa bungwe ndi posachedwapa - mu 2003. zapaderazi wake ndi mafuta kupanga ndi processing ake. Maziko a chilengedwe chake chinali chiyambi cha parity TNK ndi British BP. Msika mtengo wa likhale ndi biliyoni 51,6 madola; revenues - madola biliyoni 60,2; phindu adza kwa $ biliyoni 9. kampani imapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa zikwi 50.

OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

mabizinezi Large Russia akulowa wina "neftesos," anamaliza mu malo chimodzi mu kusanja wathu. OJSC anakhazikitsidwa mu 1990 ndipo mmodzi wa waukulu mafuta ndi gasi makampani dziko. kampaniyo m'kaundula mu Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, mumzinda wa Surgut, mu malo omwewo ndipo likulu lake. The mtengo woikidwiratu ndi za $ 40 biliyoni; katundu - madola biliyoni 46,6; revenues - madola biliyoni 20,3; phindu - madola mabiliyoni 4.3. "Surgutneftegaz" amapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa 110 zikwi.

JSC "Bank VTB"

Akumaliza mndandanda wa bungwe lina la ndalama. Chiyambi cha ntchito zake ndi chaka 1990, pamaso pa gulu unkatchedwa "Vneshtorgbank". Gulu malonda anacititsa padziko kukula kwa likulu ulamuliro pa "Sberbank la Russia", ndipo anatenga amphamvu lachiwiri ku mawu a chuma. Mutu ofesi ya kampani ili mu Moscow, koma malo ofikira alendo ndi likulu chikhalidwe Russia - St. Petersburg. Mtengo msika wa kampani, monga kuyambirira akuti biliyoni 26,4 madola; likulu mwini - madola biliyoni 19,7; katundu - madola biliyoni 139,3; revenues - madola biliyoni 12.6. kampani imapereka ntchito pafupifupi 70,000 anthu.

Monga mukuonera, ndi mlingo anagwa mafuta ndi gasi makampani chabe ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Komabe, makampani akuluakulu mu Russia suthera dera migodi, ngakhale iwo alibe katundu ochuluka ndi phindu la malo koma iwonso chinachake popitilira. Mwachitsanzo, ena mwa iwo ali mu Guinness World Records. Koma zambiri za izo patsogolo.

Russian mafakitale mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. "Izhora Ntchito"

ogwira ntchito iyi akhoza saposa atsogoleri a kusanja wathu, koma amadziwika ndi kulemekezedwa padziko lonse lapansi. zomera ndi imodzi yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko, angathe kubala pafupifupi mbali iliyonse. Ena amene palibe kwina kulikonse. kampani ankanena za katundu wa zomangamanga kum'mwera zigawo. Iwo lili Kolpino (St. Petersburg). Mu nomenclature wa mbewu zikuphatikizapo anakumba zinthu zakale wamphamvu, pakubwezeretsa ndi mphamvu zida, zatchatchatcha, akufuna, ndipo kwambiri. Kolpino kampani ndi yekhayo mu Russia amapanga casings kwa nyukiliya.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Russian chitetezo makampani monga zomera 1,200 zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a iwo ali bwino kudziwika ndi zinthu zawo zambiri alibe analogues mu dziko. Komabe, m'nkhani ino ife kuyang'ana kumalo a ntchito mawu a kukula, pankhani imeneyi, ayenera kuganizira "Uralvagonzavod". Chifukwa kukula kwake kunali mu Guinness Book of Records ndi kampani yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, ndi malo mamita lalikulu 827.000. Ili mu dera Sverdlovsk, mumzinda wa Nizhny Tagil. Ndipotu, ndi kufufuza ndi kupanga bungwe, umene ukugwira onse chitukuko ndi kupanga zida zatsopano asilikali, makina kumanga msewu, sitima ngolo. gulu amabweretsa pamodzi makampani kupanga bureaus kapangidwe ndi mabungwe kafukufuku. boma ali ndi shareholding onse a kampani.

pomaliza

Ngakhale pafupifupi mosaletseka mavuto azachuma padziko lonse, Russia amakhalabe mafakitale mphamvu dziko. Posachedwapa (mu nkhani zakale), dziko wathu udasintha modabwitsa yake ya chitukuko komanso lero palibe munthu anakhoza mlandu Russia palibe wofuna ntchito, kumanga tsogolo lawo ndi kale pansi zenizeni capitalist. Lolani okaikira kuti cholowa cha mafakitale mu Russia likunena kuchepekela ndi kufunika ali yekha mafakitale extractive, kuti zipangizo pafupifupi onse yaiwisi katundu. Kumene, mawu amenewa ena choonadi, koma ankadziwa kuti, ngati kuthengo kumene kupulumuka kwa Zamphamvu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ntchito yomanga zovuta ndi mabizinezi mafakitale Russia akuthamangira osauka malangizo a yaikulu kukulitsa ndi kutembenuka zomera ntchito mfundo yatsopano ndi umisiri. Tsopano amatsimikiza kupanga chuma zotheka ndi mlingo wa antchito. Izi zimatheka kupyolera chamagetsi ndi kuwonjezeka mu gawo la zokha za ndondomeko kupanga.

Zotsatira kwachititsa chakuti chiwerengero cha zomera chawonjezeka kwambiri pa zaka khumi zapitazi. Chifukwa, Buku anawapanga chifukwa chomasuka lathu mu misa izi makampani kumene inu mukhoza kuwona momwe ambiri makampani Russia, mfundo zawo kukhudzana, zimene zimasindikiza ndi zosiyanasiyana mfundo zina zomwe akhala akugwira kwa anthu amalonda ndi anthu wamba. Mfundo imeneyi anali anazindikira mu chimango cha polojekiti "The makampani lonse la Russia."