Mbiri ya Russian Ufumu: ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1 (1825-1855)

Europe mwamuna wokongola kwambiri mu masiku a moyo wake, umene sanaiwale atafa - ndi Nikolai 1. Zaka boma - zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu mazana makumi awiri zisanu kudzera mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi lachisanu chikwi. Nthawi yomweyo anakhala chizindikiro pamaso pa zamawonekedwe ndi chi despotism. Ndipo panali zifukwa.

Ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1. Tchulani kubadwa kwa mfumu ya m'tsogolo

Ulamuliro wa Nicholas Ine, mwamwambo amaziona ngati nyengo ya stagnation, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ladzala ndi zotsutsana mkati. Izi ndi heyday chikhalidwe Russian, koma kumbali ina, serfdom wankhanza. zizindikiro okhwima a systematization malamulo ndipo si anaphimba ulamuliro umasinthasintha kwathunthu. Kupeza kutchuka mayiko a yaikulu ndi zowawa ndi wankhanza kugonjetsedwa mu Crimea nkhondo.

Little Nicholas anabadwa makumi awiri ndi lachisanu la June limodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi anayi ndi chimodzi chaka ndi mwana wa wolowa overage kuti Pavel Petrovich ndi mkazi wake Maria. Kukalamba Catherine Wachiwiri anakwanitsa alere Nikolai pang'ono, mdzukulu wake. Koma sanam'zindikire kukonzekera yolumikizana tsoka ake ndi zochitika zazikulu za boma.

Akamakula, maphunziro ndi zokonda maphunziro

Ndiye komabe kalonga aang'ono anali analinganizidwiratu kulandira usilikali. Iye anali pomwepo ankalimbikitsa kuti ogula la Moyo alonda Regiment. Ndipo patapita kanthawi, ndipo Izmailovsky amene yunifolomu anayamba kuvala. Mfumu m'tsogolo maphunziro kwambiri kunyumba, adali ndi kukondera asilikali. Komabe ankaona mtima.

namkungwi, General Lamzdorf, anali wokhwimitsa kwambiri munthu mobwerezabwereza anam'weruza aang'ono aliuma ndipo palokha Nicholas, yemwe zaka ananena kuti Iye adali mphwayi, monga taonera mu mapangidwe kukakamizidwa chabe. Koma lamulo la asilikali, chilango m'chipindacho akhaafuna achinyamata kalonga. Izo sizidzagwira konse anakopeka zaumunthu, koma mwangwiro odziwa zida zankhondo ndi okondedwa zomangamanga luso.

Odala bambo ndi msilikari chitsanzo chabwino

Mu mazana khumi ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri chaka Nicholas anali mwamuna wa Mfumukazi Charlotte, mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu Prussia. Mu Orthodoxy, Alexandra. Iye kwenikweni anaphonya kwawo akutali. Kuti akondweretse mwamunayo anakonza woyamba mu boma Russian weniweni mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ncindi.

Kwa zaka sate-eyiti ukwati anabadwa ana asanu. Mfumu anali wosangalala bambo ndi asilikali chidwi. Koma iye ankasiyana mumanyozera mtima kwa akazembe ndi khalidwe chabe kwambiri, choncho sankavomereza asilikali.

Renunciation wa Constantine, kapena Chimaonekera chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi August

M'chaka cha mazana khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Mfumu Alexander iye ananena kuti Constantine akukana kulamulira kotero makonzedwe boma kuti akalandire kwa m'bale lotsatira, ndiye Nicholas. August chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu mazana makumi awiri Manifesto Chachitatu yosainidwa, amene ananena ankayembekezera kulowa ufumu Nicholas.

Koma chikalata anasaina anali mosamalitsa zobisika ndi sichinaululidwe. Ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1 inali isanafike, ndipo Alexander, ena zifukwa mwini simunabwere naye zochitika za boma. Kaya zimenezi anasonyeza kuti akhoza kusintha maganizo ake, ndipo mwina ankaopa kuti n'kutheka kuti ena kayendedwe kuti mukhoza kupanga mokomera Nicholas. Choncho, Alexander, ndipo iye sanali kutanthauza zotsatira zotheka, Jr. kuika kovuta.

Kumwalira mwadzidzidzi ndi zotsatira za Ndondomeko zobisika

Pamene mfumu atamwalira mwadzidzidzi Taganrog, anthu ambiri, ndithudi, analandira ngati Constantine mwayekha. The wolamulira wamkulu wa mumzinda wa St. Petersburg Werengerani Miloradovich anaumirira wozengereza lumbiro lake. Nicholas, oopa zionetsero ku alonda akapitawo, anafulumira kutenga lumbiro choyamba. Otsatirawa alonda, ndi Senate, asilikali ndi anthu.

Konstantin Pavlovich anatsimikizira mu kulemba ndi kukana kwa Board ndi analumbira kwa Nicholas mu Warsaw, koma St. Petersburg sanabwerere. Chisokonezo pa mpando wachifumu analenga interregnum. mphindi ino, kuti akonze chiwembu, anagwiritsa ntchito mamembala a mtundu chinsinsi. Choncho anayamba ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro ndi wamagazi kupanduka mbiri

Akhumi wa December limodzi zikwi mazana asanu ndi makumi awiri ndi lachisanu Nikolay Pavlovich amalingalira ndi watero yekha mfumu. Iye analumbira mabungwe onse apamwamba Bungwe la State. Koma tsiku loyamba, yomwe inayamba mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1, chinali chiwembu lokha pa Senate Square.

Mfumu wamng'ono anakhalabe wodekha, ndipo pamene maso ndi maso ndi opanduka wa Moyo Grenadiers wa mkulu Panov pa zipata za Zima Palace, ndipo pamene analimbikitsa, ataima lalikulu, ndi regiments wotsutsayo kumvera. The Chodabwitsa kwambiri monga Iye angati anene pambuyo pake, kuti iye anaphedwa tsiku lomwelo. Pamene zokopa wakhala si ntchito, mfumu chinayandama ndi zida zankhondo. opandukawo anagonjetsedwa. Decembrists adatsutsidwa, ndipo atsogoleri awo anapachikidwa. Popeza zochitika wamagazi cha ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1 anayamba.

Mwachidule Polongosola mwachidule kupanduka kumeneku, tikhoza kunena kuti masoka wa chinayi wa December anasiya kwambiri kwambiri mu mtima wa mwayekha ndi kukana lingaliro lililonse ufulu. Komabe, magulu angapo chikhalidwe anapitiriza ntchito zawo komanso moyo, wophimba ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1. Gome zikusonyeza malangizo zazikulu.

Wokongola ndipo olimba mwamuna ndi diso kumakhaliro

usilikali za mfumu anapanga stroevika zabwino, opondereza ndi mosamala. Mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1, masukulu ambiri ankhondo anatseguka. Mfumu anali wolimba. Panthawiyo, iye sadali owopa kupita ku khamu la anthu m'dera Haymarket likulu la zachiwawa kolera mu June ndi twente-chachiwiri zikwi mazana asanu sate wani.

Ndipo anali ungwazi mtheradi - kupita wanthuwo, amene anapha ngakhale madokotala amene anali kuyesera kuti amuthandize. Koma mfumu sanaope yekha popanda retinue ndipo chenjerani, kuti apite kwa anthu awa misala. Komanso, iye ankatha bata pansi!

Pambuyo Peter Wamkulu woyamba bwanamkubwa techie ankadziwa ndi ofunika nzeru zopindulitsa ndiponso maphunziro, anthu mfumu Nicholas 1. Zaka gulu olumikizidwa kwa m'munsi mwa mayunivesite yabwino luso, zimene tsiku akanali otchuka.

Zomwe chachikulu cha makampani pa ulamuliro

Mfumu ankakonda kunena kuti zisinthe ngakhale pafupi boma Russian, koma simudutsa mpaka mu dziko adzakhalabe ndi mpweya wa moyo. Komabe, mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1 m'dziko anayamba nthawi ya sayansi ndi luso zisinthe, otchedwa mafakitale zisinthe. M'mafakitale zonse ntchito yamanja pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'malo ndi makina.

Mu mazana asanu ndi atatu mphambu wachinayi zikwi ndi wachisanu zaka fakitale Nizhny Tagil, Russia yoyamba sitima ndi ambuye sitima Cherepanovs zinamangidwa. A makumi atatu pakati St. Petersburg ndi Tsarskoye Selo akatswiri anaika woyamba wanthambo mzere. The Volga chinayandama sitima yaikulu. Mzimu wa masiku ano pang'onopang'ono anayamba kusintha yekha moyo. M'mizinda ikuluikulu, ndondomeko izi zinachitika mu malo oyamba.

Mu makumi anai za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anafika woyamba mathiransipoti, amene anali okonzeka ndi yokokedwa - stagecoaches khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri, ndi omnibuses, amene anali kwambiri lalikulu. anthu Russian anayamba ntchito machesi m'banja, ndipo anayamba kumwa tiyi ndi Beet shuga, amene anali atsamunda katundu kale yekha.

Anabwera woyamba mabanki onse ndi kuphana kwa mafakitale ndi ulimi choposa chimenechi. Ngakhale zambiri otchuka ndi amphamvu mphamvu anakhala Russian. Mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1, adapindulapo wokonzanso kwambiri.