"Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" Bulgakov MA - chiwembu ndipo zili makhalidwe

MA Bulgakov anayamba kulemba pamene iye anali zaka 15 - 17, mwina, ngati sanalembe bwino kwambiri, koma internally anatha kunena kuti nokha: "Ndine wolemba kapena aliyense." Kotero potsiriza chinachitika. Komabe, pakati pa wolemba 17 wazaka ndi odziwika tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Russian mmodzi wapakatikati siteshoni - ndi Medical la Yunivesite ya Kiev. MA Bulgakov anapita kumeneko pa zifukwa zachuma - abale ake, madokotala bwino zochita zanu. Iye sanathe koma mukudziwa kuti mankhwala adzakhala ankamasulira mu magazini kuti bambowo awerenge. Popanda mankhwala mchitidwe sangakhale mwaluso oyambirira - ntchito "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala."

MA Bulgakov - KATSWIRI

ndi kafukufuku onsene a dziko limati: "Timasangalala," pankhani "Master ndi Margarita". Wophunzira aliyense amaona kuti ndi udindo wake kunena kuti ballad za mbuye - m'buku lake lapamtima. Manyazi Soviet wolemba linakhala cholowa cha misa - mantha. Koma kuti ndi "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" Bulgakov ali, zikomo Mulungu, chidabisidwa pamaso pa khamu la anthu, ndipo amasangalala amene amasangalala ndi prose wa Bulgakov.

mavuto onse mpumulo inadutsa mu buku waukulu zapamwamba Union, kale anagonjera ku ntchito zake kale. MA Bulgakov ngati KATSWIRI Soviet munthu nthawi zonse chidwi wambawamba makhalidwe otsiriza: umbuli, chikondi wofiira tepi, kunthunthumira ndipo servility maulamuliro, pamaso pa izo, ngakhale "yowala fano" zoipa "anthu, anthu onse kwambiri" "strastishek" - chikondi cha pa ndalama, chibadwidwe zosangalatsa, kumwa. Onse m'tsogolo thematic "ululu" zapamwamba Russian kuti mwanjira ina anapereka pa nkhani nkhani lalifupi, "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala."

Kodi limati?

Ngati ife kulankhula za lanyimbo "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala", chidule cha iwo yafupika mafotokozedwe china weniweni mwina anatulukira nkhani ndi okhutira lamulo abwino. Iwo zinachitikira MA Bulgakov, pamene ankagwira ntchito ogwira ntchito ambiri m'mudzi wa Nikolskoye, Smolensk dera. Iye anakhala kumeneko chinachake za chaka.

"The chopukutira, tambala"

Nkhani amene ali m'gulu la mkombero "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" Bulgakov, kutsegula nkhani ya mtsikana amene miyendo mosadziwa inatha mu Mälk. Pa mwendo umodzi m'munsimu bondo ndekha "nsanza" pamene winayo anali lowonongeka. dokotala linali wosadziwa, iye anali atangofika kumene siteshoni ntchito. Ngakhale kuti mu mkhalidwe mantha, mwamsanga wasankha kudulapo mwendo, umene zochepa. Patapita nthawi (miyezi iwiri) mtsikana amayamikira akubweretsa chopukutira, tambala.

"Ubatizo popotoloka"

Mlandu wina dokotala achinyamata pamene kumubweretsa mkazi amene akubereka, ndipo iye alibe zipatso monga kuyenera. Pa dokotala mantha, iye iri yofulumira kuwerenga mabuku zachipatala, nazonse, sanatha kupeza chirichonse mwa iwo zofunika ndi zothandiza, flings iwo mu ofesi ngodya amaphunzira kuchokera azamba. Pomaliza, bwinobwino amachita opaleshoni kuwononga wa mwana wosabadwayo. Kenako, pamene izo zinatha, patapita kanthawi anatola buku m'manja mwa ngodya ya chipinda, nayamba kuwerenga, zikuoneka kuti pali zinthu zambiri zofunika ndi zofunika kwenikweni. Mwina funniest "chinthu" mkombero wa nkhani "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" Bulgakov.

"Zitsulo za pakhosi"

Mu nkhani imeneyi, wolemba pansi moto afika m'mudzimo kusaphunzira amene sanalole nthawi yaitali kuti dokotala mtsikana kudwala diphtheria, ndi tracheotomy. Ndiye anthu ankaganiza kuti dokotala - wamatsenga, ndipo iye anaika mtsikana m'malo pakhosi zitsulo ake.

"Mkuntho"

Pa chochitika Kalanga: mkazi kugunda mutu, iye anayamba kuwukha magazi, anaukitsa dokotala wina amene chabe agona, anati iwo sakanakhoza kupirira popanda izo. Iye outfitted aŵiri, atafika kunyumba odwala, koma kudzalipulumutsa alephera. Kenako, popanda hesitating lachiwiri, iye anapita mu njira zosiyana, koma bumped namondwe ... malo nkhaniyo amalimbana kwambiri kulimbana ndi mphepo, koma ndiye dokotala akadali Akafika kunyumba.

"Igupto mdima"

Pa mtima za chiwembu cha nkhani kachiwiri za umbuli anthu. Pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Dr. Miller anadza kwa Iye, monga kunapezeka, akudwala malungo. dokotala n'kukulemberani a kwinini, ndi Miller, sali m'gulu ndi ndondomeko ya chithandizo, anadzikhuthula kamodzi mapaketi 10 kuti bwino posachedwa. Wake sadzachitanso opulumutsidwa. Zoseketsa ndiponso oopsa pa nthawi yomweyo chakuti chikondwerero tebulo dokotala anzake ankanena kuti si m'mudzimo onse osaphunzira ndi mbuli.

mutu wa nkhani anena kuti palibe blacker kuposa umbuli anthu, ndipo ngakhale "mdima Aigupto" nawo sizingafanane.

"Kuphonya Diso"

Mu nkhani imeneyi, mkombero "Mfundo wachichepere dokotala" Bulgakov dokotala woyamba imakhumbira phunziro ndipo mwinamwake wavala akudzitukumula, koma ndiye moyo amuika malo ake. Doctor abwera kudutsa wodwala ndi mapangidwe zachilendo diso, kudziwa kuti analephera. Ndipo kenako abscess (ndipo iye) yokha likuchotsedwa. Ndipo dotolo wamng'ono kupereka lonjezo konse revel mu ukulu wawo ndi lanthano "odziwa". Kwenikweni, ndi ichi ndicho makhalidwe tanthauzo la nkhaniyo.

"Nyenyezi totupa"

nkhani lapitali mkombero kachiwiri wodzipereka kwa mutu odwala umbuli. Kwa dokotala kwa munthuyo, amene "adapereka khosi lake." Iye matenda chindoko, ndipo iye amaganiza kuti kunali nthabwala ndipo kuti ali ndi chimfine. Sankasangalala ndi dokotala, amapita kutali. Pamenepo adadzanso mkaziyo, nanena ndi misozi, kuti mwamuna wake anali m'kalata anauza a khate. Iwo anafufuza ndi kanthu mapeto sanawapeze. Iwo likukhalira kuti mu malo amenewo kuli ponseponse weniweni chinzonono "mliri". Ambiri amadwala izo, koma aliyense sanafune kuti iwo akuchitireni. Ntchito imeneyi ndi korona "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala"

Amene analemba "Mfundo ..."?

yankho ndi lodziwikiratu onse. Iwo ayenera kuwerenga odwala onse ndi madokotala. Choyamba, kuti musataye chithandizo, ndi timakumbukira chachiwiri cha kudzichepetsa zachilengedwe, zomwe ayenera dokotala, ngati iye akufuna kuti akhale mkulu kalasi akatswiri. Ndipo nkhani ya zosangalatsa Bulgakov chifukwa, kupitiriza Gogol mzere mabuku, timamva momwe kusintha Russian khalidwe national mu zinthu zenizeni Soviet.