Mfuti Phiri "Nona". Russian kudziletsa injini zida zankhondo

Ngakhale mu zaka lomaliza la Soviet Union pansi asilikali Army anayamba kuchepa kwa VDV anali ndi gulu lalikulu, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito mikangano yonse ya lokolo ya ku dera la Soviet Union. Ndipo zifukwa zomveka, chifukwa ndiye anatengera chiphunzitso n'kukulemberani ntchito asilikali, "Amalume Vasya" monga njira kuponya chisanadze emptive. Momveka bwino kutsimikiziridwa berets buluu Prague mu 1968 ndi zochitika mu Afghanistan.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma ena makina ndi zambiri BMD navoyuesh: paratroopers Zinkafunikiradi zida, amatha kupirira kudumpha kuchokera ndege, koma nkhondowo mphamvu, mofanana ndi kachitidwe zida zankhondo. Izo zikhoza kupereka yekha zida zankhondo, kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi paratroopers lapansi.

Ngakhale mu utumiki anali kuika ACS-57 ndi ASU 85, amene ankafuna kupondereza mdani zotheka magalimoto katundu oti muli nazo zida. ntchito yawo inali yovomerezeka ndithu kwa nthawi, koma ankafika monga kwa analamula awo sanali: ASU zofunika mosamala yotsitsa ku ndege, anakhala pansi pa airfield lapansi. N'zoona kuti za anadabwa aliyense mu nkhani iyi, mawu sangapite.

Yambani osauka makina atsopano

Inde, zokhazikika sikukanatheka kugwira mkulu lamulo. kuti anapatsidwa: kuyamba kupanga makina amene adzakhala sizim'vuta akwaniritsa zonse tafotokoza. Choncho panali mfuti phiri, "Nona". Ndithudi, izo zinachitika osati kamodzi.

chitukuko inayamba mu 60s, ndi BMD-1 ntchito ngati nsanja. The watsopano kudziletsa injini mfuti poyamba codenamed 2C2 "Violet". Mwakucimbidza zinadziwika kuti wamphamvu 122 mm mfuti, amene anali "anabwereka" kuchokera ACS "Carnation" chabe wawononga Kusakhazikika kwambiri kwa iye BMD galimotoyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuleza galimotoyo anayamba kupanga 120 mm kudziletsa injini matope "Kakombo wa Mchigwa," koma ena zifukwa zofanana mulibe akukuponderezani.

A mndandanda wa "zinthu"

Pofika m'ma 70s mu ntchito Volgograd wachibadidwe akasinja yatsopano kuwala, apangidwa makamaka zosoŵa za VDV ( "chinthu 934" ndi "chinthu 685") zinalengedwa. mikono yawo yaikulu wamphamvu 100 mamilimita Cannon. Mwatsoka, chifukwa ena zolakwika kapangidwe ndi kusiyana ndi kutukula, amagwiranso sanapite zino. Vuto la akuphunzitsa asilikali mapiko zida zankhondo mafoni anakhala akuthwa.

"Nona" Kubadwa

Komabe, m'zaka anthu pa mikono asilikali airborne akadali anachita BTR-D. Koma BMD yemweyo (pamaziko umene unalengedwa), njira yatsopano zinali zambiri zochotsa, ngati galimotoyo akale anawonjezera wina wodzigudubuza thandizo.

Pomaliza, akatswiri ku Institute of Central Research yolinganizika zomangamanga, komanso okonza lodziwika bwino wa Perm "Motovilikha", kutenga nkhani zinachitikira kuipa kwa anzawo, analenga yatsopano 120 mm mfuti 2A51. wapadera ake anali kuti pamaziko a zida akhoza kulenga dongosolo zida zankhondo lonse, anaphatikizapo lonse osiyanasiyana makhalidwe abwino a mortars, mifuti ndi howitzers.

The watsopano kudziletsa injini mfuti, kukhazikika pa maziko a mfuti uyu, anayitanidwa ACS 2S9 "NONA C". Ambiri amakhulupirira, ngakhale dzina lake iye analandira kwa ena kukhudzika kwa mlengi aakulu, koma zonse zambiri prosaic: ". Chatsopano Mfuti pansi zida zankhondo" dzina umaimira

Kusiyana yaikulu ku zitsanzo zina

Inde, ambiri lodzaza nauseam akuti "alibe analogues mu dziko." Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama ACS 2S9 "NONA C", ndiye sitampu kuposa chilungamo.

Wapadera (kachiwiri, mawu zimenezi zili zoyenera mu nkhani iyi) ya dongosolo ndi kuti akusangalala ndi miyeso wodzichepetsa, amapereka moto mphamvu kwambiri pa nkhondo, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati m'malo a mitundu ingapo ya zida! Kuyamba ndi kuyamba, mfuti phiri, "Nona" simungathe molimba yekha kubisa mdani oyenda, koma amamenyana akasinja mdani. Makamaka makhalidwe ngati mmene SAU unkayenera linafalitsidwa kwambiri mabomba osiyanasiyana.

zida za ntchito

Nanga mukhoza moto projectiles unsembe "Nona" makhalidwe amene apatsidwa pansipa?

mkulu-zachiwawa zida zankhondo zida makamaka zabwino. Zolemba malire osiyanasiyana - pafupifupi 9 makilomita, ndi chifukwa cha otsika (zosaposa 360 m / s) a mathamangidwe koyamba ndi ballistics yeniyeni moto angathe "Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta." Makamaka labwino iwo anasonyeza Afghanistan, kumene mdani anatha kumenya kunja mipita kwambiri, ngakhale kujowina iwo mwachindunji moto kukhudzana. Pa mphamvu ya zipolopolo izi mu otsika pang'ono kuti analogues howitzer 152 mm, ankagwiritsa ntchito asilikali a mayiko athu, ndi pakati limati chiwalo cha NATO.

Choncho, ntchito yoika "Nona" lomwe lili chithunzi m'nkhani - ndi chitsanzo chapadera cha zida.

migodi

N'kofunika kwambiri (mu mawu a ntchito yeniyeni Airborne), ndilo osachepera zotheka osiyanasiyana ntchito imeneyi projectile ndi 1.7 kuchokera kutali, ndipo zanga - 400 meters. Popeza makhalidwe zipangizo limalola ntchito muyezo zipolopolo 120 mm, paratroopers zilipo zonse zosiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri. Ochiritsira mkulu-zachiwawa kugawikana wanga zida zankhondo unsembe "Nona" mukhoza kuwombera pa 7.3 Km. The mwayi wa mfuti ndi kuti amalola popanda limasinthira aliyense ntchito iliyonse 120 mm matope zipolopolo kumayiko ena.

mizinga

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zina, ndi zipolopolo kungakhale monga roketi-anathandiza projectile. zinalengedwera kuwonjezekeredwa injini ndege, zomwe zimathandiza kuti moto makilomita 13. Mu udindo umenewu wakhala "Nona", zithunzi zomwe zilipo m'nkhani, ungagwire ntchito zida za mankhwala, amene ntchito chachikulu ndi kuwononga katundu zida mdani.

Kuyenera makamaka taonera mivi motsogozedwa amene akhoza mosadalira kupangitsidwa pa cholinga pogwiritsa ntchito laser Cholozera. Iwo anagunda akasinja ndi zina zimagalimoto kuchokera pamwamba, mu gawo ambiri mosadziteteza. Mwina kuononga chandamale mu nkhani iyi ndi osachepera 0.8-0.9. Mtundu wa munition amatchedwa "Kitolov-2." Komanso akhoza bwinobwino ntchito ACS "Nona", zithunzi zimene muona m'nkhani ino.

Komabe, ochiritsira zipolopolo chokhala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbana ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Pamene mathamangidwe koyamba 560 m / s zimatheka zovomerezeka molondola zojambula adani mtunda wa kilometre chimodzi, ndi mphamvu ya kutentha 600 mamilimita homogeneous zida zikusonyeza kuti ndi thandizo lawo n'zotheka kutulutsa kugonjetsedwa onse panopa MBT ayenera mdani.

Features potsegula limagwirira

Popeza ntchito mphindi okwera kwambiri - kwambiri ntchito tima Ntchitoyi adalira potsegula limagwirira chaperekedwa ndi njira yapadera ramming amene umagwira ntchito pa wothinikizidwa mpweya. Mwazina, n'zotheka gawo imene amagwiritsa 2S9 "Nona", kunena pambuyo wina anawomberedwa chotaya mbiya, amene kwambiri amachepetsa fumes mu adalira chipinda, kuwonjezera chitonthozo cha anthu ogwira ntchito.

ena specifications

Popeza mfuti kudziletsa injini analengedwa ndi kuthekera ankafika zake, okonza anayenera maximally atsogolere ntchito yomanga. Monga chuma chapadera aloyi zotayidwa ankagwiritsa ntchito kusungitsa, amene Komabe, komanso amateteza adalira ndi zida-mfuti moto. Opepuka ndi madzi zosagwira kupereka buoyancy zabwino, potero "Nona" akhoza mosadalira aziyankha zopinga madzi.

Mphamvu ya injini dizilo - 240 L / s ndi khalidwe ndi odalirika hydropneumatic kuyimitsidwa amalola ACS "Nona" omwazika pamodzi khwalala 60 Km / h, ndi madzi - mpaka 9 Km / h. Mwa zina, ulamuliro kuyimitsidwa zimathandiza ngati akufunika kutero kuchepetsa kutalika kwa makina nkhondo ndi 35 cm.

mitundu ina

Pambuyo Afghanistan anasonyeza kuti mfuti phiri, "Nona" - chida kwambiri. Development akusangalala ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana a asilikali, iwo anasonyeza kufunitsitsa kuti zofanana ndi zida zonse m'dziko oyenda onyamula Mphamvu mayunitsi. Ndipo chifukwa anayamba kupanga ndi kutengedwa kwa utumiki towed 2B16 ACS "NONA-K."

Ndiyamika kuipanikiza ananyema yake yapadera, amene kumatha mpaka 1/3 angadzachite mphamvu, mfuti kunapezeka kuti lightest zotheka. Imatha kulemera alibe upambana makilogalamu 1,200. Pafupifupi onse mbali ya chida apangidwe, amene kwambiri facilitates zoyendera ndipo analamula mu mavuto ambiri. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti kusuntha galimoto GAZ-66, koma empirically izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti kwambiri kapena zochepa wamakhalidwe msewu kuchokera ophimba ake kusamalira ngakhale UAZ-469. Kuyambira malekezero a njinga ndi odzigudubuza, ngati n'koyenera, mfuti zikhoza kuyenda padziko nkhondo amakakamiza mawerengedwe ake.

Wina zosinthika wa galimotoyo

Mu Perm, motsogoleredwa ndi luso Yuri Kalachnikova 2S23 "Nona SVK" analengedwa mu 1990.

Galimotoyo mu chimake zimenezi, BTR 80. Kuti agwirizane chida latsopano kunja uko, ife tinali kwathunthu rework kamangidwe ka nsanja makamaka popanga izo mwatsopano. The mwayi waukulu anali chidwi mkati buku la APCs ndi nyumba, amene anatha kuonjezera zipolopolo 2S9 "Nona" mpaka akatemera 30. Mu zikhalidwe womwewo wa projectiles nkhondowo kwenikweni mphambu onse ankhondo chipinda, zomwe zina kumawonjezera phindu zochitika za izi. Komanso, makamaka kuwombera ku malo yokutidwa pomanga "NONA SVK" wodyetsa zipolopolo dziko anaphatikizidwa.

armament zina

Kupereka firepower zina, nsanja okonza Komanso anaika makina mfuti PKT 7,62 mm, sipangakhalenso chosonyeza ankalamulira mkulu mfuti. Pakuti zina armament zipolopolo adalira m'gulu MPADS anayi "Singano" anayi AK-74 (kapena analogi), fifitini garnet (RGD kapena F-1, zoopseza). Mwazina, nsanja wokwera launchers grenade chifukwa utsi mabomba.

Motero, "Nona" - zida, amapereka njira yothetsera osiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri wa mamishoni nkhondowo kuti zitha anatumizidwa oyenda kapena ankafika ubale.

Mbali zabwino mwa galimotoyo latsopano

Pogwiritsa ntchito ya galimotoyo wa BTR 80 anatha kwambiri kusintha liwiro ndi maneuverability za makina atsopano. Choyamba, liwiro pazipita linawonjezeka 60 Km / h, ndi ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana tsopano 600 Km. Komanso, galimotoyo matayala wa BTR 80 ndi odalirika kwambiri pa kusintha kwa asilikali pa maulendo ataliatali kuti: makilomita zonse 600 za makina mwina kupita pansi mphamvu zawo, popanda kuwonongeka ndi shutdowns yaukapolo.

Mwazina, muyezo galimotoyo kwambiri amachepetsa mtengo wa yokonza ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira, kwambiri yafupika ndalama opaleshoni. Pakali pano, ife kale anatsimikizira kuti makina pa maziko a BTR 80 ndalama nthawi 1.5-2 zotsikirako mtengo ntchito kuposa "Nona" zochokera BRDM-1.

kusinthidwa matope

Kuti tsiku, analenga kuwala theka-matope "Nona-M", adzapereke ikuchitika ndi breech lapansi. Imatha kulemera amenewa kudziwanso akhoza mu nkhani mphindi dismantle ndi kusuntha kapena kunyumba kapena kuwapititsa pa nyama paketi ndi magalimoto kuwala galimoto. Izi zimapangitsa "Nona-M" chida chofunika kwambiri kwa amenewa ndi lamapiri mtunda.

anapezazo

Lero, "Nona" alibe analogues mu dziko mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthu nkhondo. Popeza makina amagwiritsa lonse osiyanasiyana projectiles amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ankhondo a zigawenga Mphamvu, nchito zake mofanana kwambiri mu zisudzo aliyense ntchito. Mwayi mabatire "Nona" wotere amachoka utsalira matope kuwerengetsera muyezo makina mayunitsi oyenda. Motero, "Nona" - zida mulibe analogues wa asilikali a Russian.

Komanso, kupambana zonse zimene zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chilengedwe ndi kusinthidwa, "Nona" mwachangu ntchito okonza wathu ndi oyamba kachitidwe wachibadidwe latsopano zida zankhondo.

Other kudziletsa injini unsembe wa Russian

Inu mwina akhoza kupeza maganizo olakwika kuti kudziletsa injini mfuti "Nona" - chida chokhacho mu kalasi iyi, anali mu utumiki wa dziko lathu. Izi si choncho.

"Vienna"

Analogue wa unsembe kuiganizila ndi "Vienna", zinthu zambiri zofanana ndi dongosolo anafotokoza. Koma "Nona", izo anakhazikitsa maziko a BMP-3. Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, okhala ndi mfuti 120 mm. Kalanga, ndi ubwino wake onse (ayamba kukhwimitsa chitetezo ogwira Mwachitsanzo), "Vienna" ndipo lero alipo asilikali mwina makope umodzi.

Kodi wina ndi kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo Russian? Mfundo iwo sali choncho pang'ono. Tiyeni atchule akuluakulu:

• 2C19 "MSTA-C".

• 2C1 "Carnation".

• 2S3 "mthethe".

• 2S5 "huwakinto" ndi 2S25 "Sprut-Sd".

Onse zitsanzo pamwambapa, kupatulapo "nyamayi" - howitzers lolemera, chida zofunika kukhala likungosonyeza la mamilimita 152. ntchito yawo ndi yosiyana ndi anthu anachita mwa okha-injini mfuti "Nona". Choncho, cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuwombera pa malo chatsekedwa kapena chiwonongeko cha udindo zokhalamo mdani. Mwachitsanzo, mu Grozny mu 1995 anali unsembe "MSTA-C" mwaluso ntchito kupondereza chitetezo mdani mwakuya.

Onse kudziletsa injini zida zankhondo Russian osiyana ndi anzawo Western yogwirizanitsa ndi mzake ndi T-72 MBT (ndi T-90, motero). chochitika ichi chimapereka kukonza losavuta, ndi mtengo wotsika ntchito.