Mibadwo ufulu wa anthu: lingaliro

Lero akuti ndi kwa ufulu wofunikila ndi kumasulikha kwa munthu aliyense; .. The ufulu kugwira ntchito, kupuma, maphunziro, ufulu wa chipembedzo, etc. Ena a iwo ali m'gulu la ufulu "mwachibadwa". Ndi ufulu moyo, mwayi wophunzitsa ana awo ndi zina zotero. Koma sizinali nthawi zonse. Okwana ena 400-500 zaka zapitazo kuti posachedwapa mfundo za mbiri ya anthu, pa ichi zambiri ndinkaona ngati sindingazikwanitse. Anthu chisinthiko "zida kulankhula" mu munthu ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira zinachitika pa mibadwo itatu ufulu wa anthu. Aliyense amakhala ndi watsopano, kusintha Mkhalidwe mu dongosolo chikhalidwe. chakuti m'badwo uwu ufulu wa anthu Tikambirana zina.

Kutchula koyamba

Choyamba, monga kuti amene poyamba akufuna zosiyana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anapereka kwa zamoyo wa anthu ogaŵikana mibadwo itatu ufulu wa anthu mu 1979 Komiti pa Institute Mayiko Za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe. Ganizo kuika patsogolo pa Czech loya Karel Fazak.

ongolankhula m'munsi

Generation ufulu wa anthu - ndi mfundo yokumba mu sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Palibe "inalimbikitsa" malamulo ake pansi. Chifukwa cha zonse zitatu ndi mawu a French kuukira boma: Liberty, Kulingana, Fraternity. The French Declaration za Ufulu Ndi Kumasuka chinadzakhala maziko ongolankhula kwa mayiko ena a ku Ulaya ndi America. Kuganizira kuika patsogolo ake Declaration US wa wodzilamulira, ambiri zokomera ndi chikominisi mfundo anatenga mfundo imeneyi monga maziko kulimbana ndale.

M'badwo woyamba ufulu wa anthu ( "buluu lamulo")

M'badwo woyamba anazindikira mwa onse asayansi chikhalidwe, maloya, azambiriyakale. Iwo amagwirizana ndi kumvetsa ongolankhula a anthu ndi zachilengedwe ufulu ndale ndi ufulu :

• ufulu moyo;
• ufulu wa chipembedzo;
• yoyenera kuvota;
• lamanja la aliyense kutenga nawo mbali pa ndale za dziko;
• chilungamo dongosolo chilungamo;
• ntchito ufulu ndi zina zotero. d.

Lero, mfundo izi tikuona zachilengedwe, n'zomveka. Ngati iwo wosweka, ndiye kuti kuyamba mokweza lipenga mwankhanza, analemba madandaulo, funsani TV pofalitsa kuphwanya pa Intaneti. Nthawi zina zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti Kusiya zinchito mokweza, zoipa kuvumbula. Koma sizinali nthawi zonse. 4-5 okha zaka zapitazo, anthu ambiri anali kulingalira kuti pobadwa ofanana. Iye akhapidziwa kuti magulu apamwamba tokha tsoka. Pitani ndi maziko pagulu - anakwiya Mulungu. Kufikira tsopano, mwambo uwu umaonekera folklore. Tingakumbukire mwambi wathu, "iye anabadwira kumeneko ndipo imathandiza", "kumvera kumaposa kupembedza", "Musati munene pamaso pa miyoyo yambiri yayikulu", etc. Iwo poyamba anakhazikitsa mwambo wa lochitira zachilengedwe ...

Kugwa kwa dongosolo lakale

nsalu Traditional chikhalidwe anawonongedwa chilengezo chotsatirachi:

• Magna Carta.
• English Bill cha ufulu.
• The French Declaration za Ufulu Ndi Kumasuka.
• The Bill za Ufulu wa United States of America.
• States Declaration United wa wodzilamulira.

Zonse zolembedwa zakale zimene zinali zotsatira mderalo, kupanga maziko a zida mayiko malamulo. Lingaliro la mibadwo zitatu za ufulu wa anthu, nawonekera kuyamika malamulo pamwamba. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yaitali ife analibe udindo wa chikalata anthu. Sizikudziwika kukhala ndi chiphunzitso cha mibadwo ufulu wa anthu, ngati mbiri kusanduka Tiyerekezenso osiyana: States of America kuti ataya nkhondo yomenyera ufulu, ndi ufumu mu France adzakhala kuponderezedwa mwankhanza zochita kunachitika. Komabe, ife tikukhulupirira kuti anthu adakali anafika kuti dongosolo chikhalidwe amene anatuluka lero. Ndipo lero, m'mayiko ena pali magulu reactionary kuti akuyesetsa kuletsa chitukuko cha chikumbumtima anthu. Koma iwo kulepheretsa chitukuko cha munthu pazipita mibadwo anthu. The chiyambi cha ufulu likunena kupitabe patsogolo.

mchikhalidwe Current mayiko malamulo

Zochokera m'chilamulo loyamba m'badwo zachitikadi anakhazikitsa masiku ano padziko lonse:

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights mu 1948.
• Pangano la International pa ufulu Political cha 1966.
• The European Convention on Human Rights mu 1953.

M'badwo wachiwiri kwa ufulu wa anthu ( "wofiira bwino")

M'badwo wachiwiri ndi anazindikira pafupifupi onse asayansi chikhalidwe. Mfundo imeneyi amatanthauza zochitika pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Pakhala kugwa utsamunda, pa yokumba mitundu ina ya anthu ena. M'dziko mwachangu anakhala ufulu ambiri chuma ndi chikhalidwe.

Mosiyana m'badwo woyamba yachiwiri

Gulu maonekedwe osiyana ndi a m'badwo woyamba ufulu wa anthu ndi wachiwiri mu mawonekedwe a tebulo:

lochitira Economic kumatha ufulu andale

M'zaka za m'ma 20, ufulu ndale ndi masoka yokhala kulemekezedwa. Komabe, iwo angaimbidwenso kusiyana ena: ndi zachuma. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti anthu anali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo, palibe amene anali woyenera kumupha mu msewu ngati kapolo, zimene zidachitika m'mbuyomu ambiri limati slaveholding. Koma panalibe kufanana mu ufulu ndi zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, mu zipatala anthu ena anakana thandizo m'masukulu, ambiri analibe ufulu kukaphunzira, ndi zina zotero. D.

Taganizirani zimene mkulu wa sukulu oyang'anira tauni anayamba kusankha kulola ntchito pa nzeru zake yekha wa anthu amene ali ndi ufulu wopita ku sukulu. Tsopano izi n'zokayikitsa, koma zaka 50-100 chabe zapitazo zinali ponseponse. Maphunziro ndi kusamalira thanzi ankaona yodula ntchito mtengo, amene sangakwanitse anthu onse. Inu tsopano angatanthauze chakuti pali malipiro zipatala, sukulu, omwe si angakwanitse ambiri. Kuti izi ife anayankha kuti maphunziro ndi thanzi mfundo ndi chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense. Kumasiyana yekha mu utumiki, tinning, kunja kuwonetseredwa.

Maziko ongolankhula wa m'badwo wachiwiri

M'badwo wachiwiri zachokera zotsatirazi zida mayiko malamulo:

• Pangano mayiko pa Economic, Social ndi chikhalidwe Rights.
• Chachiwiri Bill za Ufulu Roosevelt.
• The European Social hayala.

M'badwo wachiwiri kwa ufulu wa anthu otchedwa "ofiira" ufulu. Iwo amafuna State kukwaniritsa udindo zofunika kwa anthu onse mu dera chikhalidwe, chisamaliro chaumoyo, maphunziro ndi zina zotero D..

"Ufulu Green" - chitukuko cha kudzimva gulu la chilungamo

Mbadwo wachitatu ufulu wa anthu ndi conventionally amatchedwa "ufulu wobiriwira". Mosiyana ndi awiri, mu sayansi zazikulu zina. Ambiri mwa mfundo za ufulu wa anthu okha ku mibadwo awiri. Komabe, ambiri samagwirizana ndi iwo. Tiyeni tione mfundo zawo.

Kupita patsogolo patsogolo

Choncho, m'badwo wa ufulu ndi kumasulika, nthawi iliyonse kupereka kusintha latsopano Mkhalidwe mu chikumbumtima anthu. Ngati m'badwo woyamba ndi waukulu zachilengedwe ndi ndale ufulu, lachiwiri - chikhalidwe ndi chuma, wachitatu - mapangidwe ufulu losonkhanitsidwa. Palibe motsindika m'dera lililonse makamaka. Lingaliro kwambiri akumufunsira kukhala magulu bwino m'madera onse a anthu.

Bukuli lili ndi mfundo yakuti munthu yekha akhoza kuyankha ufulu wawo yekha. M'pofunika kugwirizanitsa. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World Kutacha mabungwe onse: mabungwe malonda, mabungwe chikhalidwe, ndale.

Ngakhale lalikulu makampani ndalama kulenga mgwirizano: opanga, truckers, alimi. Kukwanitsa zonse mofanana: agwirire zochita zawo mu pangozi.

Kugwirizana mu mabungwe aakulu ndi makampani ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko mafuta exporting anali ogwirizana OPEC ndi cholinga kukhala malamulo ofanana pa msika.

Ngati limati lalikulu, makampani kulenga chitetezo gulu, munthu onse kufunika kwambiri mogwirizana kuteteza mogwirizana.

Olekerera simukugwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti kufunika kuteteza aliyense, ndiyeno gulu lonse kutetezedwa. udindo uwu tsiku lililonse kwalephera. M'zaka za m'ma 20, kulimbana ufulu wa anthu wakhala kugwirizana ndi chipembedzo, khungu maganizo andale, ntchito, kusiyidwa kutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino banja, ukwati ndi zina zotero .. Pomaliza iwo anamvetsa kuti chitetezo gulu akhoza kuteteza ufulu wa munthu.

zotsatira

Takambirana mbadwo wa ufulu, kumasulika. Kuti adzimvera. Pakali pano, anthu athu sangathe kupeza malo pakati. Nthawi zonse lamanja la munthu kumabweretsa kuphwanya ufulu wa wina. Modern kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko mu Europe ndakufotokozerani ndi mavuto amene apeza malamulo a kulolerana. chitukuko Western zikuchitika panthawi yamavuto. zinthu zonse zimene iye anamenyana, anatsimikizira sinathe nthawi yovutayo watsopano - uchigawenga ndi kusamuka. Wokwanira kukumbukira milandu zachipongwe mu Berlin mabomba mu Paris. Ichi ndi chifukwa East miyambo samamvetsa vutoli West. Koyenera njira: kapena kutetezedwa ku East, kapena kuvomereza zake. ndondomeko owolowa manja chirichonse wabwino osati kutsogoleredwa, kotero kuti osamukawo kuyamba mwamsanga "amamenya" ku Ulaya la ndalama yomweyo: .. Kuitana ufulu kuyenda, kulolerana, kulingana ubale ntchito.