Mitundu ya ayisikilimu. Dzina, maonekedwe, chithunzi

zosiyanasiyanazo ayisikilimu zosiyanasiyana chilimwe wodzazidwa ndi kiosks. Ngakhale kwambiri chabe lokoma dzino adzapeza pakati pawo azichitira zabwino nokha. Nthawiyi, mwambo wa nkhani iyi mu dziko lathu zaka khumi zapitazo. Industrial kupanga inayamba mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo. Soviet ayisikilimu ndi wotchuka padziko lonse. Tsopano zinthu zosiyana. Kodi zosiyanasiyana ayisikilimu, kodi nkhani amachitira ndi zimene mbali ya ulimi wamakono - ichi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

zingawakhumudwitse wakale

Akatswiri pa nkhani amanena kuti mwambo wa kudyetsa mazira amachitira anayambitsa za 5000 zapitazo. Kumene, mpaka ku nthawi yathu, chakudya chinali chinachake zodabwitsa, kuyambira pamenepo za refrigerators palibe ngakhale akulakalaka. Chifukwa ndiwo zochuluka mchere, amatikumbutsa ano ayezi kirimu ntchito ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Ndipo kawirikawiri iwo unayenera kubweretsedwa m'madera akumidzi lamapiri.

Mu China, ndi ayisikilimu wakhala kwa zaka 2000 BC. Wake anali wokonzeka kuchokera chisakanizo cha chisanu, chisanu ndi zipatso zidutswa. Chinsinsi ndi njira za kasungidwe goodies zobisika mpaka BC XI atumwi, pamene chimafotokozedwa a magulu nyimbo zachikale "Shi-mfumu."

Ku Roma wakale pa nthawi ya Nero ntchito yokonza madzi ozizira zipatso anabweretsa chisanu ndi Alpine oundana. Pakuti yosungirako alimbane maofesi wapadera. Chinsinsi zakumwa wotchulidwa m'buku la Marko Gabiy Apitsy, wophika, amene ankakhala mu Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma pa nthawi ya Tiberiyo.

Ku Ulaya, ayisikilimu likulowerera kudzera mwa Marco Polo. Apaulendo wotchuka anayesa kuziziritsa azichitira ku China ndipo anafulumira kumuuza muno. Choncho ayisikilimu wayamba kugonjetsa Italy, France ndi Germany.

Mbiri ya ayisikilimu mu dziko lathu

Pa gawo la boma lathu ndi mavuto chisanu ndi ayezi izo konse anali. Azambiriyakale kuphika anazindikira kuti Kievan Lazaro kawirikawiri kuvala tebulo, mkaka, mazira ndi finely planed. Pa Shrove Lachiwiri m'madera ena anatumikira chakudya chokoma amtundu ayisikilimu, zoumba kirimu ndi shuga.

Kenako, panthawi ya Peter Wamkulu ndi Catherine II, ndi ayisikilimu anali gawo la chikondwerero menyu tebulo. Cold azichitira ndiye opangidwa zedi yaing'ono. Ndi chitukuko cha luso ndi kukweza wa opangidwa ayisikilimu. Galimoto yoyamba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XIX kukonzekera ake mu Russia.

Ayisikilimu mu USSR

Mbiri ya wotchuka Soviet ayisikilimu idayamba mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo. Ndiye commissar anthu chakudya dziko anali Alex Anastasovich Mikoyan. Iye anati azichitira ozizira apezeke mosavuta kwa anthu onse a dziko. Patsogolo pa dziko kwa kupanga ayisikilimu chaka pa nthawi anali United States. Pali ndipo anapita Mikoyan zipangizo zofunika ndi chidziwitso. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika kuti mitundu yonse ya ayisikilimu mu USSR anatuluka pa maziko a luso US.

Yopanga inayamba mu 1937. Onse ayisikilimu kukumana ziyang'aniridwe khalidwe ndipo zinali lalifupi ndi mfundo ano, alumali moyo - sabata imodzi. Mwachibadwa zosakaniza ndi mbali ya goodies lapansi.

Mitundu ya ayisikilimu mu USSR: chithunzi

Kumbali ya ulimi wa dziko mofulumira tinasamukira lachiwiri ku dziko pambuyo United States. Mu USSR, ndi ayisikilimu amagulitsidwa chochuluka pabwino. Kiosks azichitira Nditatsegula mmwamba yomweyo. Inu mukhoza kugula "mafuta" mu chikho, anapereka kwa iye monga filler kupanikizana kapena tchipisi chokoleti. Wotchuka Soviet kirimu, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri akuusa moyo lero, anatumikira mu cafe mu mawonekedwe a mikanda pa wopanga zitsulo ayisikilimu. Aliyense anali kum'konda kwambiri amachitira: chocolate, kirimu creme brulee, zipatso, choc.

Ife tinali ku Soviet Union ndi mitundu wapadera wa ayisikilimu. Dzina la mmodzi wa iwo odziwika ndi amakono lokoma dzino. "Gourmand" anali wotchuka kwambiri. Kupanga ake anatulukira nozzle wapadera kutsatira ndi chokoleti ❖ kuyanika mtsinje, osati mwa kumiza. Komanso, palibe paliponse koma Soviet Union, sanapange makapu kokulumunya, chokongoletsedwa ndi duwa-kirimu (kirimu-keke). Izo zinali mu dziko ndi ozizira azichitira tomato kudzazidwa. Kwa ena zinkaoneka chokoma, koma munthu akadali analavulira pa pakutchulidwa wake umenewu zophikira. Great kufunika popsicle "mgoza". Zinali zovuta kupeza - yomweyo anagula - ndi kosatheka kuiwala. Kuwonjezera kukoma "mgoza" anakumbukira yakale lokoma dzino chokoleti ❖ kuyanika kuti si kutha ndipo anayamba kugwa pa lililonse kuluma.

Chinsinsi cha kukoma

Mitundu yonse ya ayisikilimu, chithunzi ndi dzina lopatsidwa pamwamba, anthu ambiri osati dziko komanso kunja. kuchuluka kukoma chinsinsi linali losavuta - zachilengedwe kokha zosakaniza, okhwima ulamuliro khalidwe ndi mkulu mokwanira mafuta okhutira. Mfundo yomaliza ndi chosiyana ndi Soviet ayisikilimu kunja kwa anzake makamaka noticeable.

Mitundu ya makono ya ayisikilimu: dzina mu Russian

Lero dziko lathu sindimakonda ayisikilimu osachepera mu masiku a Soviet Union. Komabe, kupanga ake anali kwambiri kusintha. Pezani ozizira azichitira ndi moyo waufupi alumali, mwachitsanzo okha ndi zosakaniza zachirengedwe zikuchokera, mu masiku awa si zovuta. Pofuna mtengo kupanga ayisikilimu anapanga ndi mafuta masamba ndi mchere; kutetezera zosiyanasiyana. Chakale zikuchokera yonse ya ayisikilimu angapezeke lero Komabe, iwo amakhala okwera mtengo kusiyana awo "dzanja" la mpikisano.

Kuli azichitira pamaziko a mafuta a nyama lagawidwa mitundu ingapo:

• mkaka ndi pang'ono mafuta - za 2.8-3.5%;

• kirimu limapangidwa zambiri mkaka mafuta - 10%;

• ayisikilimu - mtundu wa mafuta ayisikilimu (15% ambiri mafuta mitundu - 20%).

The magulu akuluakulu amanena maswiti ozizira ndi zipatso, kukonzedwa kuchokera zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso malonda awo. Onunkhira ayisikilimu monga pophika waukulu limapangidwa shuga, komanso stabilizers, zidulo chakudya ndi essences onunkhira.

kusankha yaikulu

Pamene anawonjezera kuti zikuchokera zoyambirira za zosakaniza zina, pali mitundu yatsopano ya ayisikilimu: chocolate, creme brulee, khofi ndi mtedza. Zipatso ndi mabulosi imasiyana malingana waukulu mankhwala mu masanjidwe kwa rasipiberi ndi sitiroberi, chitumbuwa ndi zina zotero. Chulukitsani osiyanasiyana ndipo zosiyanasiyana glaze, flouring ndi zokongoletsa.

Palinso otchedwa mitundu ankachita masewera a ayisikilimu. Iwo amapangidwa zedi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa waukulu. Komanso, pali mitundu maswiti ozizira zolinga wapadera. Zikuphatikizapo ayisikilimu ndi sweetener abwino odwala matenda ashuga, komanso azichitira, mpweya wabwino ( "Momasuka"), ndi Kuwonjezera wa vinyo tebulo.

chisanadze wazolongedza

Mu msika wathu, kufunika kwambiri ndi ogula-kukula ndi kulemera kirimu. Yotsirizira makamaka umafunika pa yotentha chilimwe. Scooping msanga kugula - chikole cha kutsitsimuka ake, ndi zikho crunchy kudziwa kusankha mtima wake.

Krupnofasovannoe ayisikilimu, chofufumitsa ndi masikono, kupatula otchuka. Akatswiri kuona kuti nzika ya Russia pali zambiri amakonda kuziziritsa azichitira pa msewu, pa msewu kwinakwake. Ndife zambiri zokayikitsa kusankha keke ayisikilimu kwa mchere, chomaliza chikondwerero chakudya kusiyana ndi anthu a ku America chomwecho. Ndipo chifukwa uli wotchuka, ife melkofasovannykh yonse ya ayisikilimu. Title nyanga, makapu ndi briquettes goodies opangidwa akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Komabe, "mtima" wa kirimu aliyense ayezi poterera, ayisikilimu, zipatso, kapena onunkhira. A options ang'onoang'ono kulongedza katundu kuti amachitira ozizira kwambiri:

• briquettes, ndi waffles kapena popanda glaze iwo;

• mu cones kokulumunya, machubu kapena magalasi;

• ndi zonenepa mu filimu kapena glaze;

• pa shelufu;

• ayezi kirimu-mkate;

• mu pulasitiki ndi pepala zikho;

• mu mabokosi.

Mitundu ya kugwirizana

Kuli kuchitira osiyana ndi mlingo wa chisanu. Ndi yake ndi oti amanenedwa pa chilichonse. Mtundu woyamba kupanga atapanga pambuyo kuphika siteji akudutsa kuti -18º kapena kuchepera. Izi kirimu ayezi ndi kusungidwa yaitali ali ndi kuuma mkulu.

zingawakhumudwitse zofewa anazipangiratu Catering. alumali moyo wake ndi zochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri izi ayisikilimu kudya yomweyo pambuyo kupanga. Ndi mawonekedwe ofatsa a amachitira ozizira anagulitsa ndi kulemera m'chilimwe.

Mitundu ya ayisikilimu, chithunzi chimene apatsidwa m'nkhani, nthawi zonse wodzilemekeza ndi zatsopano. Aliyense fakitale amayesetsa kuti akonze kukoma wapadera ndi kuyesa zosakaniza ndi mamangidwe mwambo. Mu kuŵeta nthawi zambiri mitundu bwino, ndi zosowa angapezeke mu malo omwera ndi odyera, kumene oyang'anira zophika ntchito kukhala maphikidwe latsopano ndi njira zodzikongoletsera onse chakudya chokoma lapamtima. Ayisikilimu tiyi ofotokoza, ndi Kuwonjezera shampeni ndi mowa wamphesa, wokazinga, savory, chokongoletsedwa ndi mbale zagolide - osiyanasiyana malire ndi ndingaliro ya ophika.