Mphesa: kubzala chithunzi masika

Today mphesa amadziwika onse pa dziko, ndipo timaliyamikira kwambiri chifukwa zipatso zokoma ndi wathanzi chifukwa vinyo kwambiri kuti zikhale winemakers. Khalani linayamba Egypt ndi Mesopotamia mu 5-6 Zakachikwi BC, koma anaonekera kale munthu.

Masiku ano, pali 8,000 mitundu ya mphesa, amene ali 10 000 zaka za kulima makamaka wapangidwa ndi mitundu yake - American, East Asia ndi Eurasian. Wamaluwa zambiri kuika ming'oma wake m'dera lawo kapena kulenga wokongola arches mphesa m'makhoti.

Kusankha malo kubzala

tchuthi ambiri amalota kuti pa malo anakula mphesa chokoma ndi wathanzi. Chiwembu cha chodzala chitsamba chilichonse izi zikuyamba ndi bwino malo. Amaonekera ndi nyengo ndi malo chiwembu:

• Ngati youma yotentha ndipo palibe kuthekera kwa madzi pafupipafupi, n'zotheka kukonza munda ku malo kwambiri pansi.
• Pamene dzinja lili ozizira, mphesa kuvutika kwa kutentha, choncho angathe kupulumutsa mozungulira tchire mitengo kuti adzakangamira izo.
• Chiwembu chodzala mphesa m'dera chinyezi amafuna achilengedwe kapena chochuluka otsetsereka kwa mpweya wabwino. Zitsamba ayenera anabzala kudutsa ku kugumuka, omwe anapangidwa kuthirira, osati anaziika izo pansi.
• Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amakonda kubzala mipesa pafupi ndi nyumbayo. kubzala chiwembu Pankhaniyi amadzisankhira mtunda osachepera kwa kapangidwe 2 m. Izi kuteteza maziko kwa akulimbana.

Zofunika za tsogolo la kututa zachulukira kukonzekera nthaka asanadzalemo mphesa.

kukonzekera nthaka

Chiwembu cha chodzala mphesa m'chaka adzatenge kukonzekera ankafika maenje. Kwa zomera ndi abwino kwambiri loam ndi mchenga loam a dziko lapansi, komanso ena mitundu ya nthaka akhoza kusinthidwa. Nthaka wakuda Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mchenga zokwanira komanso feteleza, ndi kukula mofulumira mbande anapereka.

Kukonzekera mabowo kubzala ayenera idzachitika kapena kugwa, kapena kwa masabata 3-6 pamaso chodzala cuttings. Panthawi imeneyi, dzenje lidzakhalamo, ndipo anaonerera izo kutengera fetereza nthaka ndi kufalitsa pa izo.

Molondola anakumba dzenje, monga mmene chitsanzo kubzala mphesa (chithunzi m'munsimu), ayenera kukhala magawo 60h60h60 masentimita kapena zambiri. Pamene anakumba dzenje wosanjikiza lachonde otsogolera kupatula manyowa. Kuzipanga izo mophweka, kusakaniza dothi ndi humus ndi mtsuko wa phulusa. Wosanjikiza m'munsi anali wothira miyala ndi mchenga ndi kuikidwa pansi pa maenje pa wosanjikiza lotsatira 20-25 cm - .. chonde ukala osakaniza wina masentimita 20-25 Ikatha kukonza zinthu kubzala.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi cuttings

Chiwembu 2 ikukhudza kubzala wa mphesa njira - cuttings kapena mbande.

Kudzala cuttings ndi luso ake:

• Chibouk mphesa ayenera choyamba mbewu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Mpeni kudula mmunsi pafupi eyelet pansi, ndipo pamwamba kumanzere masentimita 2-3 pamwamba mipesa pamwamba eyelet.
• Kugawana n'kofunika zilowerere chinyezi, lomwe anaika madzi oyera kwa masiku 2.
• Pambuyo shank wodzazidwa ndi madzi, kumtunda ayenera choviikidwa mu paraffin osungunula, ndi kuika mu m'munsi kukula stimulant zopangidwa supuni 1 uchi mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi. Akuwukha cuttings njira patsiku.

Kenako, shank zingabzalidwe mu dzenje okonzeka kubzala. Kuti cuttings utakula mofulumira, mukhoza kugwira ntchito kukonzekera mu February, kuwayika iwo mu makapu pulasitiki kapena mabotolo. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito kuyambirira m'chaka kutchire sadzakhala vuto kudzala mphesa. kubzala chiwembu akuyamba ndi yokonza chidebe:

• Tiyenera kudula khosi la botolo ndi kupanga mabowo pansi.
• Pa pansi anatsanulira ngalande, ndi pamwamba pa izo 7-8 luso. pochvosmesi spoons.
• Kugawana anaikapo mu botolo ndi kuwaza utuchi steamed.
• Thawirani kuphimba kapu pulasitiki nachiyika pa sill zenera pa dzuwa mbali, deploying kudula diso kudzera pawindo.
• Mabotolo ayenera kuikidwa thireyi ndi anyamula madzi, kuthira mu madzi cm 0.5.

Zitini, mabotolo ndi sipafunika kuchotsa mpaka mphukira sadzakhala mu mosamala kwambiri. Kutentha, zomwe zimafunika kuti kulima mbewu ndi +20 ... +25 madigiri. Choncho, pa nthawi ya ikamatera mu chibouks lotseguka pansi kupereka mizu yolimba, mphesa mwamsanga kupita ku kukula.

Chodzala mbande ya mphesa

kubzala chiwembu mbande ya mphesa ndi losavuta kwambiri. Kamodzi okonzeka kubzala dzenje pa mizu ya mbande kudula, kusiya 10-15 yekha masentimita m'litali. Pa chodzala n'kofunika azipereke wogawana pa pansi pa bowo pa mtunda wa 35-45 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba.

Vine analimbikitsa kulozetsa motsogozedwa chitukuko zina. Izi zidzathandiza mumakhala tchire achinyamata yozizira, inclining iwo pansi.

Mizu yokutidwa ndi kusakaniza kale yokonzekeratu lapansi ndi mosamala kutsanulira madzi ofunda. Yokwanira 2-3 ndowa, nthaka mulching 5 cm peat kapena udzu akanadulidwa ndi udzu.

Ngati pa maziko a zotheka chisanu, zomera ayenera kuphimba mabokosi usiku chidapangidwa kuchokera ku katoni kapena pulasitiki filimu, mpaka iwo kwambiri.

Kusamalira mphesa mutabzala

Mufuna kukula mphesa zokoma? Chiwembu mbande kubzala kutengerapo sikuthetsa mu nthaka lotseguka. Nkofunika bwino kusamalira cuttings achinyamata:

• Mphesa amakonda lotayirira nthaka ndi mpweya wabwino, kotero nthawi zambiri zofunika kupalira mbewuzo.
• Kutsirira zizichitidwa yekha pansi muzu, kuti nthaka subsidence zinachitika. Mu masabata awiri choyamba mutabzala mbewu ayenera kuthirira makamaka. Popeza m'pofunika kuti azolowere chilengedwe chatsopano. Kutsirira ayenera kukhala pafupipafupi ndiponso wodzaza, makamaka ngati nyengo youma.
• Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbande wamng'ono kanthu pobisa, chifukwa iwo ayenera kwambiri kuwala kukula mofulumira.
• masamba Young amafuna umuna kwambiri, zomwe zingabweretse urea. The kupopera woyamba ikuchitika mwamsanga pamene masamba kupanga, wotsatira - pambuyo masabata 2, kodi ndi liti pamene kukula tima wa mpesa. Komanso kupopera chiwembu iliyonse masiku 30 mpaka pakati pa September.

Kunyamula zinthu yosavuta nthawi zonse, patatha zaka 2, ndipo mukhoza kupeza tchire athanzi ndi amphamvu, ndi wachitatu kusonkhanitsa zipatso olimba.

kupewa

Kwa mipesa achinyamata akukula bwinobwino, iwo ayenera kutetezedwa tizirombo ndi matenda, makamaka cinoni. tchire Young muyenera masika sprayed ndi yankho la sulphate mkuwa pa 100 ga malita 10 a madzi.

Chilimwe kupopera ikuchitika ndi yankho (25 ga malita 10 madzi) Polychrome kwa prophylaxis ndi nthawi iliyonse mvula. kukonzekereratu Izi kuteteza zomera ku matenda a mafangasi ndi kuvunda.