Mwachidule yonena za Adam Smith: kukwaniritsa wa zachuma ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mwachidule yonena za Adam Smith limakupatsani kuwona bwino zimene anali mu moyo wa zachuma wotchuka Scotland, anayambitsa chiphunzitso ano zachuma. Iwo imatchedwanso katswiri wa chikhalidwe.

Wambiri zachuma

Mwachidule yonena za Adam Smith kumayambira 1723. Iye anabadwa mu mzinda wa Kirkcaldy mu ufumu wa Scotland. Iwo anazindikira kuti zonse likulu yonena za zachuma ndi kulibe kutali. Komabe m'zaka XVIII nthawi pamene kulembamo sitepe iliyonse munthuyo anali sanali kulandiridwa. Choncho bwinobwino zonse za moyo Smith, ife sitikudziwa ngakhale tsiku lenileni la kubadwa. Koma amadziwika kuti bambo ake ndi ophunzira munthu - loya nduna miyambo. Komabe, patangopita miyezi iwiri kubadwa kwa Adamu, anafa.

Mayi ake anali mwana wa mwinimunda yaikulu, amene anaona kuti mnyamatayo anali maphunziro wabwino. Mwachidule yonena zodzinenera Adam Smith kuti iye anali mwana yekhayo m'banja, palibe umboni abale ndi alongo ake sanakhale ndi moyo. Kumayambiriro lakuthwa mu moyo wake chinachitika mu zaka 4 zakubadwa, pamene iye anali kubedwa ndi Majipise. Komabe, kuti apfudze mnyamata kutali analephera. Achibale kupulumutsidwa. M'malo mwa msasawo, iye anali mu sukulu zabwino Kirkcaldy, kwa ana aang'ono ankakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabuku.

Smith Education

Pa zaka 14 anayamba University of Glasgow Adam Smit. Mwachidule yonena za chuma m'tsogolo ndiye anayamba kukhala bwinobwino. Ndipotu iye anali mu malo otchedwa wa Scottish Choonadi. Patangotha zaka ziwiri, anayamba kuphunzira ndizosowa nzeru ndi othandiza odziwika deism Francis Hutcheson. maphunziro Smith anali mosalekeza kwambiri. The maphunziro inkakhala maganizo, nzeru abwino, zinenero zakale, monga Greek, komanso zakuthambo ndi masamu.

Mu mbiri mwachidule Adam Smith ananena kuti m'kalasi ankaganiza kuti iye anali osachepera zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, zikanakhala zosavuta kuganiza mozama, kukhala ku kampani phokoso ndi wansangala, pamene akuyankha ena.

Mu 1740 anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Oxford Adam Smit. Mwachidule yonena za zachuma ndi amalola inu mukudziwa kuti pali analandira maphunziro, anaphunzira kwa Tikaphatikiza zaka 6. Pankhaniyi, wasayansi kwambiri, maphunziro kumeneko, Dziwani kuti kwambiri aphunzitsi pa bungwe limeneli kwa nthawi yaitali anakana kudziphunzitsa aone. Komabe, iye nthawi zonse odwala popanda kusonyeza chidwi pang'ono mu chuma.

ntchito sayansi

Ndi kafukufuku ndi kuphunzitsa zinthu zinayamba mu 1748 Adam Smit (a mbiri mwachidule wasayansi ndi ananenetsa choncho). Anayamba wophunzitsa pa yunivesite ya Edinburgh. Poyamba, iwo analibe kanthu kochita ndi chuma, ndi odzipereka English mabuku ndi lamulo Patapita anakonda ndi zachuma bambo ake ndi Chaanthu.

Inali pa yunivesite ichi poyamba chidwi ndi zachuma a Adam Smith. zachuma Scottish ndi nzeru zapamwamba anayamba kusonyeza maganizo a liberalism chuma oyambirira 1750s.

Smith zikayenda

Amadziwika kuti 1750 Adam Smit (Adam Smith), imene yonena mwachidule zimenezi zimathandiza otchulidwa, anakumana ndi Scottish nzeru zapamwamba David Hume. maganizo awo anali ofanana, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa ntchito zawo zambiri olowa. Iwo anali odzipereka osati kwa chuma komanso chipembedzo, ndale, maphunziro, mbiri. Asayansi awiri achita mwina yofunika kwambiri Scottish Choonadi.

Mu 1751 Smith anaikidwa pulofesa maganizo pa yunivesite ya Glasgow, amene yekha kamodzi anali kukwaniritsa. adakwaniritsa lotsatira anali malo a mkulu tinalandira mu 1758.

ntchito sayansi

Mu 1759, Smith anamasulidwa m'buku lake otchuka "Chiphunzitsochi a maganizo abwino." Izo zinali zochokera nkhani yake pa University of Glasgow. Mu ntchito iyi iwo kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mfundo koyenela khalidwe, makamaka kulankhula ndi makhalidwe mpingo umene panthawi imeneyo unali chosintha kwambiri mawu. Kapenanso, kuopa kupita ku gehena Smith akufuna kuti aone zochita zawo pa maganizo pankhaniyi, motero anasonyeza yekha mokomera kufanana koyenela wa anthu onse.

moyo wasayansi

Za moyo patokha Adam Smith amadziwika pang'ono kwambiri. Data ndi chosakwanira ndi otalikirana. Choncho, akukhulupirira kuti kawiri, ku Glasgow ndi Edinburgh, iye anali pafupi kukwatiwa, koma pazifukwa zina izo sizinachitike.

Motero, moyo wake wonse wasayansi anakhala ndi amayi ake amene anamwalira zaka zisanu zokha ndipo mwana wake ndi msuweni wake yemwenso anakhalabe spinster. M'nthawi wasayansi amanena kuti nyumba yake nthawi zonse kudyetsa miyambo Scottish chakudya, ofunika chikhalidwe chawo.

chiphunzitso zachuma

Koma ntchito yofunika kwambiri wasayansi ndi ankaona lonena "chuma cha Nations." Inasindikizidwa mu 1776. lonena agawidwa mabuku asanu. The zachuma woyamba ikufotokoza zifukwa zimene zingakuthandizeni kuonjezera zokolola, ndipo potero kuti kugawa mankhwala pakati pa makalasi a anthu mwachibadwa.

Mu Buku lachiwiri limafotokoza khalidwe la likulu, tanthauzo lake ndi kudzikundikira. Ndiye pakubwera gawo za kukhala ndi moyo wabwino pakati pa anthu osiyana, etc. The machitidwe a zachuma ndale. Ndipo buku lomaliza, wolemba analemba za ndalama amene amapita ku boma ndi kwa mfumu.

A njira yatsopano chuma akufuna Adam Smit. Mwachidule mbiri, zolemba ndi aphorisms zimadziwika bwino kuti admirers ake onse. Mawu odziwika bwino kwambiri ali kuti dzanja yakumwamba ya msika ntchito kulimbikitsa mathero womwe poyamba sakanakhoza cholinga chake. Smith m'buku lake amapereka maganizo ake pa udindo mu nkhani zachuma a boma. Kenako anadziwika monga chiphunzitso chakale zachuma.

Malinga ndi izo boma ayenera kutenga chitetezo cha nkhani moyo wa munthu, komanso inviolability katundu payekha. Tiyeneranso kuthandiza kuthetsa mikangano pakati pa nzika pamaziko a chilamulo ndi chiweruzo. Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti boma atenge pa ntchito zimene amachita munthu sangathe kapena kuti operewera.

Smith anakhala wasayansi woyamba kufotokoza mfundo za chuma msika. Iye kolimba ankanena kuti aliyense wodziwa bizinesi wokhumba kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo komanso umunthu. Komabe, ndi bwino kuti anthu lonse, ngakhale wabizinesi makamaka sanaganize za icho kapena sindimakonda. The chikhalidwe zofunikira kukwaniritsa chifukwa ngati Smith otchedwa ufulu zachuma, omwe ayenera kukhala maziko a mabungwe a zachuma. Komanso, payenera kukhala ufulu wa mpikisano, kupanga zisankho ndi kusankha minda ya ntchito.

Smith anamwalira mu Edinburgh mu 1790. Iye anali ndi zaka 67. Iye anali ndi matenda a matumbo.