Ntchito epistemological nzeru

Nzeru za anthu, pali ntchito zambiri. Chimodzi chofunika - epistemological. Iwo amagwirizana ndi luso munthu aziganiza nazindikira dziko. Ntchito chidziwitso nzeru - ndi, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi aligorivimu yokha chidziwitso cha dziko wozungulira iwo, ndi pa zina - mfundo ndi ziphunzitso cilamulo kufotokoza njira izi.

amalingalira

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chiphunzitso nthanthi lonse ndi ntchito ya ntchito epistemological kapena cognition. Komanso ankafufuza mu masiku amakedzana. Kuphunzira akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu - amalingalira, kunama, ndi kuganiza. Popanda ntchito zosatheka epistemological. Pa siteji koyamba cognition kuchita kwa kumverera nkhani kapena chinthu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, nkhani pokhudzana ndi chinthu (munthu amaona yatsopano kwa iye).

Amalingalira wolemera kutsitsimuka ndi chidzalo zomverera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ikhala mlingo ambiri odzichepetsa nzeru. Koyamba n'kofunika kwambiri. Pali maganizo onse, maganizo ndi mfundo pa phunziro la munthu. The ochititsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matanthauzo osiyanasiyana: kununkhira kuona, kumva ndi kukoma. Izi zosiyanasiyana zipangizo yotengeka zosiyanasiyana zonena zotheka. Aliyense wa iwo akuimira malemeredwe wapadera ndi mphamvu ya makhalidwe ake.

mapangidwe chifaniziro

Gawo lachiwiri la amalingalira kumasonyeza tcheru. Zimenezi zachokera nzeru kuti zomverera onse - osiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, aliyense wa iwo ndi zotsatira wapadera. Ntchito epistemological wachokera amalingalira, sipangakhalenso popanda mphamvu za munthu akhale tcheru.

Mbali yachitatu aumbike monga amalingalira zimenezi. Pamene chiwonetsero cha zomverera kutsindika zithe kuti unagawanika ndipo zinalumikizana pamodzi. Ndi nzeru imeneyi amatha amalingalira m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu. Motero, munthu akutembenukira zomverera mu malingaliro watanthauzo ndi kulenga pa maziko awo kwathunthu kuonekera fano. Iwo ndi wosiyana chinthu palokha ndipo amakhala view osadalira pa nkhaniyi.

lingaliro

Kupereka - ndi munthu wophunzira wa amalingalira. Pakati pa njira ziwiri izi pali kusiyana ofunika. Kusinkhasinkha munthu ayenera sakugwirizana kukhalapo, pamene kwa kugonjera izi si koyenera. Kuti recreate fano ena mu malingaliro ake, munthu amagwiritsa kukumbukira wake. Mu monga banki ndi zithunzi zonse za munthuyo.

Choyamba kuchita kukumbukira. Epistemological ntchito ya nzeru ndi nzeru amathandiza kulongosola bwino njira ya cognition. Kukumbukira za m'mbuyo ndi zofunika zakuthupi zomangira mafano, pa maziko amene maganizo akuyamba. Mu gawo limeneri lomaliza munthu ndi amapeza zinthu zatsopano. Koma kuti iwo wopanda lingaliro yotsimikizika zosatheka.

ndingaliro

Pamene zithunzi kugwa mwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito munthu, muchisiye mitundu yonse ya kugwirizana weniweni, mmene iwo mu dziko kunja. Pa nthawi imeneyi, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chatsopano - m'maganizo. Ntchito zithunzi alipo nzeru angalenge zatsopano ndi wosiyana zinthu zoyambirira. Pa mkhalidwe wa m'maganizo inayambira. Iye anaonekera kuyamika kusiyana ndi kufanana kwa pamalo a. zithunzi zosiyana chakudya cha m'maganizo. The zambiri, wapadera kwambiri akhoza kupeza zotsatira.

Maganizo ndi osiyana kuberekana mphamvu, ndi munthu aumbike padziko chikumbumtima chake. Komanso, limagwirira ichi ntchito, zochokera mphamvu ya kumanga gulu. Pomaliza, m'maganizo ndi mphamvu za kulenga. Iwo imabereka zizindikiro, ntchito zimene munthu kumabweretsa zithunzi latsopano adayaluka kwa dziko lakunja.

Othandiza chiphunzitso nthanthi ya sensationalism Ufumuyo wofunika kwambiri kwa kusonkhana mphamvu ya m'maganizo. Kuphunzira zodabwitsazi ndi chinkhoswe Dzhon Lokk ndi Dzhordzh Berkli. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti pali malamulo ena a gulu la maganizo. Pa nthawi yomweyo zotsutsana ndi iwo, Hegel, amene amanena kuti m'maganizo ukugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo osiyana. Poikira kumbuyo mfundo yakuti wapadera mayanjano zokhudzana okha makhalidwe munthu aliyense payekha.

Ndi zizindikiro

Kufotokoza maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe zawo munthu amagwiritsa zithunzi za zinthu. Choncho amalenga m'nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, chifaniziro cha nkhandwe, ndilo lachinyengo khalidwe. Monga ulamuliro, chizindikiro ali chuma chokha, logwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha munthu. onse zochititsa sali m'gulu.

Koma osati maganizo onse akhoza umasonyezedwa mwa zizindikiro. Ndingaliro anthu nthawi zambiri amalenga zithunzi izi, amene si zizigwirizana zinthu zenizeni. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro ntchito. zilembo zochokera katundu zachilengedwe ndi odziwika a dziko loyandikira. Zizindikiro samangika mbali awa, iwo akhoza kukhala wachisokonezo ndi n'kosathandiza.

ndikuganiza

sukulu nthanthi kupereka malingaliro osiyana, njira cilamulo ndi ziphunzitso za kaya maganizo a anthu kudziwa m'dzikoli. Pa zigoli iyi pali optimists ndi pessimists. Othandiza mpatuko kuti anthu akhoza kutenga zoona zambiri zosasintha. Pakuti ili, munthu amagwiritsa mindset. Mu ndondomeko iyi pali ochepa makhalidwe zosasintha. Woyamba ndi chikhalidwe cha mawu. Mawu amapanga nsalu wamaganizo, popanda kuganizira ndi epistemological ntchito yokha sangathe.

nzeru ndi mu maonekedwe ndi wokhutira. makhalidwe amenewa sitingalephere zogwirizana. Poyamba maganizo ikuchitika yekha malinga ndi mawonekedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu akhoza ntchito momasuka chilankhulo chawo ndi kumanga mawu kuchokera nyumba iliyonse, ngakhale iwo sizikupanga chanzeru iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, yerekezerani wowawasa ndi wobiriwira. maganizo m'pamene pa nthawi imene munthu akutembenukira chida izi zili zoimira zinthu.

Zinthu mfundo

Zofunika kwambiri epistemological ntchito ya nzeru ndi nzeru zikutsindika - ndi dziko akhoza kumva. Koma izi muyenera kuchidziwa ndi zipangizo za umunthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuganizira ndi kuganiza. mindset ndi chida kiyi. M'pofunika kumvetsa mfundo za chinthu.

chakuti kumbuyo mawu ichi, kukangana nzeru ena a mibadwo yosiyana ndi Nthawi. Pakali pano, a zaumunthu wapereka yankho lomveka bwino - wachina chilichonse chili mbali zambiri. Kwa chidziwitso chake zothandiza kupeza mbali zonse, ndiyeno kuphatikiza iwo mu amodzi umodzi. Koma ngakhale zinthu payekha kapena zochitika kulibeko mobisika ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Iwo amapanga bungwe ndi zovuta dongosolo. Kuganizira chitsanzo akhoza kukonza monga ulamuliro yofunika kwambiri podziwa dziko. Kuti timvetse akamanena za nkhaniyi, m'pofunika kufufuza si iye yekha, komanso dongosolo limene adzaupereka.

kuganiza thunthu

ntchito aluntha imakhala njira zitatuzi: kumvetsa, chiweruzo ndi kumvetsa chiphunzitso cha. Pamodzi, kupanga ndondomeko yabwino kuti amalola munthu apange zinthu zatsopano. Pa siteji ya malingaliro akuganiza nkhani. Pa mlingo wa kuchepetsa a lingaliro, ndi kusanthula mfundo yakuti chinthu chidziwitso. Potsiriza, pa siteji ya malingaliro maganizo amabwera ku mapeto.

Epistemological ntchito ya nzeru ndipo anali kuphunzira ndondomeko akatswiri ambiri. Komabe, chopereka kwambiri kumvetsa masiku a zinthuzo anapanga Immanuil Kant. Iye anatha kupeza mbali ziwiri za ntchito ya ganizo: maganizo ndi nzeru. mnzake wake Georg Hegel kumatanthauza siteji pakati pa lingaliro la chiweruzo. Kale awo chakale chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso mu zolemba zake, Aristotle ananena. Iye anali mlembi wa nkhani yolembedwa zofunika kuti zinthu zikhoza anazindikira ndi mphamvu kapena maganizo kudziwa ndi lingaliro la dzina (mfundo) n'zomveka chifukwa cha munthu, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha maina aliwonse kulibeko.

Zigawo za cognition

Amalingalira, ulaliki ndi maganizo anapereka mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu pofotokoza nzeru zake za dziko. Amalingalira akhoza kutenga maonekedwe a ntchito wapadera luso. Wophiphiritsa chifaniziro wakhala maziko a kubadwa kwa chipembedzo ndi chithunzi lolingana a dziko. Chifukwa kuganiza anthu ali sayansi. Iwo anafola mwa dongosolo mwadongosolo umodzi.

Maganizo ndi chinthu china chodabwitsa. Mfundo zokhudza zinthu, kumvetsa ndi thandizo lake, kukhala ndi chida chake, ndi wodalirika. Choncho, munthu imabereka ndi amasonkhana chidziwitso. Latsopano mawu awonekere maziko a kale ndi zowombetsa mkota. Kuganizira akhoza theoretically kutembenuza kuzindikira munthu wa zinthu.

Cognition mu Science Political

Ntchito Epistemological akhoza kukhala mu chidziwitso chenicheni cha chowonadi anthu ambiri, ndi mitundu ina ya ntchito kapena amalanga sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa zina ndi nzeru za anthu ndi sayansi ndale. Zikatero, lingaliro amakhala malire zambiri chogwirika. Political ntchito epistemological akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti chilango chimene cholinga kufotokoza zenizeni za ndale.

Science limasonyeza zikulumikizana ake ndi zochita zake. Political epistemological ntchito ndi kudziwa dongosolo la ndale la boma ndi chikhalidwe dongosolo. Mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo ongolankhula monga kuwalamulira chipangizo zidindo makamaka nyemba. Mwachitsanzo, onse mfundo monga demokalase, Ulamuliro ndi authoritarianism kudziwika. Epistemological ntchito ya sayansi ndale ndi akatswiri akhoza yodziwika monga mwa mphamvu ya munthu wa mawu amenewa. Choncho pali Khadili zinthu zazikulu za makina boma. Mwachitsanzo, timaphunzira boma yamalamulo, ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera wamkulu ndi digiri ya chikoka pa ndondomeko malamulo.

Analysis wa nzeru zatsopano ziphunzitso

Only ntchito epistemological wa sayansi ndale mapeto akupereka yankho ku funso la wanji mabungwe boma. Patapita zaka zochepa chabe linakhalapo, sayansi wakhazikitsa angapo njira chilengedwe cognition m'munda wake yopapatiza ongolankhula. Ngakhale lero pali limati ambiri, onse akugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo za kudzipatula ndipo ngakhale mu zaka XIX-XX.

Epistemological ntchito ya sayansi ndale - kumakhalanso njira bungwe anapezazo ndi kupereka dongosolo longa la boma. Search enaake zochokera bwino ndipo atalephera za mibadwomibadwo ya m'mbuyomu ndipo akupitiriza lero. Mbali ya ntchito epistemological wa sayansi ndale ndiye zochokera anapeza asayansi anamanga mfundo zosiyanasiyana za tsogolo la boma ndipo ubwenzi wake ndi anthu.