Opanda mlengalenga magalimoto. Features drones

Malinga ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri, osati zokhudza ndege, opanda magalimoto mlengalenga ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwambiri Baibulo la ndege wailesi womwe chitsanzo. M'lingaliro, momwe izo ziliri. Komabe, ntchito ya zipangizozi angoyamba kotero osiyanasiyana kuti okha ndi malingaliro iwo sangakhoze panonso.

Chiyambi cha nthawi ya opanda

Ngati ife kulankhula za kachitidwe basi mlengalenga ndi malo akutali womwe mutu si chatsopano. Chinthu china n'chakuti khumi zapitazi iwo anaonekera mafashoni ena. Pakati pake penipeni, Union yoyenda "Buran" kukhala malo ndege popanda adalira ndi inatera bwinobwino ku tsopano lakutali 1988 - ndi drone chomwecho. Photography padziko Venus ndi deta sayansi pa dziko lino lapansi (1965) komanso okonzeka mu mode basi ndi telemetry. Ndipo rovers zogwirizana ndi ziphunzitso za luso opanda. Ndi zina zomwe ena ambiri a sayansi Soviet mu gawo danga. Kumene anawuka anati mafashoni? Zikuoneka kuti anali chifukwa cha zimene zinachitikira nkhondowo ntchito zida zimenezi, ndipo anali wolemera.

Poyamba, opanda magalimoto mlengalenga zambiri ntchito kaya ndi maphunziro chandamale, kapena monga mabomba chakuwuluka. Zinali wachitatu loyamba la m'ma XX, ndi malo anakhalabe mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma (osati kuwerenga spacecraft). Air zomvetsa mu nkhondo ya ku Vietnam anakankha Pentagon utsogoleri kuganizira mmene kuchepetsa ovulala. The tiganizira chomwecho chinachititsa kuti kuyambika kwa ankalamulira kuchokera pansi maofesi ndege constructors Makampani Israeli.

gulu la UAVs

Pa siteji koyamba za chitukuko cha kalasi Aerotechnica drones anali unmanaged. The zamakono zisinthe ndi mapulogalamu chitukuko wafunsira chilengedwe cha makina zouluka ntchito pa malo aligorivimu. M'mawu ena, chipangizo ayenera ndiye kuyamba kupanga ndege njira anapatsidwa kutalika zolondola, kupenyetsetsa anamanga-zida kujambula pakompyuta za zinthu nthaka pansi mapiko, kuti abwere ku poyambira ndipo tidakocheza. The zosinthika ya deta kulengezetsa pa pompopompo pa polojekiti ndi kulandira pa mlengalenga, koma kwa anaukira lonse ogwira kasamalidwe ndondomeko, amene ali kutsatira item, sikusokoneza. Pakuti kuyenera zonse njira imeneyi, iwo ali ndi chilema kwambiri. Pangani dongosolo chimene chidzachitike zinthu zonse zitheka, sikutheka. Ndiye kunali njira yachitatu kuthetsa ntchito bwana - telemetry. Woyendetsa ndi pansi, kuonera zinthu mwa anamanga-kamera ndi kujambula zofunika ndi kusankha komanso woyendetsa a ndege ochiritsira. njira imeneyi imatchedwa chosonyeza-piloted. Iye, poyamba, ndipo ntchito zidole, wailesi ulamuliro zitsanzo Komabe, mtengo ndithu (iwo ndalama mazana ndi zina ndalama zambiri).

Experience mu ntchito ya umisiri walandira Israel Asilikali (IDF) pa 1973 nkhondo. Opanda magalimoto mlengalenga ntchito nzeru ntchito, koma chachikulu ndi kulemera kwa zida kanema nthawi okha mwayi wa chida ichi. Komabe, mu dziko Middle East wina aliyense anazindikira chiyembekezo ndege kutali-ankalamulira, amene anakhudza bwino m'tsogolo opanga Israeli.

mitundumitundu chokoma

Kufufuza malo a ntchito si. Akatswiri a American asilikali mafakitale zovuta ndinapitirira. Komanso malorazmernikov, anapeza njira zomveka kulenga mantha machitidwe robotic, ndipo ngakhale omenyana. Kumene, makina amenewa lalikulu kwa zida ambirimbiri makilogalamu kulemera. Kukula osiyanasiyana kukodzedwa ndi zosiyana. Opanda ndege kamera anaziika akhoza masked ndi mbalame kapena tizilombo, ntchito mbali iyi ndi kale yofuna, ndi chopinga chachikulu pa tsogolo lowala - angwiro magwero amakono mphamvu, amene ayenera chimathandiza atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kayendedwe ka nyemba pasanathe masiku angapo. Padakali pano, "nsikidzi" (m'njira) silinawonongedwe kuwuluka nthawi, kuyeza maola.

Pothetsa mavuto a mtendere

Iwo anali anthu, osati asilikali komanso anthu wamba drones. Mitengo ndithu mkulu (malingana kasinthidwe ndi mphamvu ya UAVs tehnichsekih akhoza ndalama kulikonse kwa wina ndi zikwizikwi madola), koma ntchito zawo ndi chuma zaphindu. Kufufuza za nyengo, ntchito yofunafuna akuvutika ndipo anataya mu okwera mapiri, ziyenera a zinthu ayezi, malangizo a kafalitsidwe wa moto mu moto nkhalango, kayendedwe chiphalaphala pa kuphulitsa mapiri, ndi ntchito zina zambiri nthawi zonse anachita kudzera mwa ndege. Oyendetsa ndi zipangizo anali pangozi ya kuchita utumwi oopsa, ndi kutenga nkhani mtengo wa mafuta ndi depreciation, Helicopters ndi ndege, izo zimakhala chilakolako momveka bwino ntchito chosonyeza opaleshoni kapena robotic aerosistemy.

Pofuna kuteteza malire ndi ulamuliro kusamuka lero amagwiritsidwanso drones. The United States ali ndi malire yaitali ndi Mexico, kumene dziko akufuna mozemba zimalowa mu illegals bwino ntchito, ndi pa zikachitika - ndi ozembetsa yodzaza ndi mankhwala. mavuto wofanana mu Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri. thandizo lamtengo wapatali polimbana poaching amathanso kukhala opanda magalimoto mlengalenga. Koma ubwino wake monga phokoso otsika, otsika digiri ya aone, ang'onoang'ono kukula, koma amakopeka kwambiri utumiki chitetezo cha dziko mu dziko.

katundu UAVs

drones asilikali anapeza mu mlengalenga kwambiri kuposa ndege labwinobwino kapena Helicopters. Choyamba, iwo akhoza kukhala laling'ono, ndipo kachiwiri, luso onse kuonetsetsa aone otsika pa zenera makina ounikira, ntchito kwa njira imeneyi. Koma si onse. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndege zimenezi zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri ndi makulidwe. Ubwino waukulu wa interceptor ntchito mwa mode robotic ndi mphamvu ya kuchita ayendetsa iliyonse popanda mantha kuti woyendetsa adzautaya chikumbumtima chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwambiri. chochitika ichi chinachititsa utsogoleri wa US Air Force kupanga ndalama pa drones lapansi. US padera mu chitukuko cha mtundu wa chida ndalama zambiri, mwachinsinsi ndi GDP a m'mayiko ena. Today n'kovuta kuweruza zotsatira za khama m'munda wa womenya ndege, zokhudza ndi laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe pali mfundo ziwiri: mwina mayeso bwino kwambiri moti iwo ayenera zobisika, kapena iwo ali bwino. Pamene chimake yachiwiri zambiri Nkosatheka. Za kupambana mwini Pentagon akuti mosavuta, ngakhale iwo amakhala exaggerates.

Opanda kuukira ndege "chilombo"

Koma cholinga - amadza drone. Mtundu wa chida ntchito pa ntchito ndi Libya (2011). Ife tinkakonda mtundu ambiri, mdani ndi makhalidwe mokwanira bwino. Kuthekera kunyamula mivi kwa kuwombera pa mipherezero pansi mabomba motsogozedwa, mkulu (oposa 7 zikwi. M) denga zoperewerazo liwiro wotsika. Ankalamulira ochokera pansi, ndipo posachedwapa ngakhale ntchito zingatheke piloting chosonyeza zapansi mu dera la United States, kudzera limasonyeza Kanema. mfundo zimenezi zavyazannost zina sikuti kusewera m'manja mwa zofuna za mayiko ndi chidwi patsogolo sayansi. Pa reconnaissance ntchito pa Iraq mu 2008, mmodzi wa "chilombo" imfomeshoni osati asilikali, komanso zigawenga. Kunapezeka kuti mwangozi, pambuyo adani a munthu mwa zigaŵenga, amene adapeza kompyuta laputopu ndi kanema. Kuwerenga kanema mtsinje ntchito ndi mapulogalamu yapangidwa Russia.

Mu ntchito yake nkhondo, "chilombo" anavutika zomvetsa. Timawapatsanso pansi pa Yugoslavia, Iraq ndi Afghanistan. zidutswa zingapo adakhala wothyoledwa chifukwa cha zolakwa piloting ndi mavuto luso. Panopa mtundu wa zomangamanga si chinsinsi UAV. Aliyense akhoza ngakhale kugula drones izi. The mitengo zimadalira kasinthidwe Komabe, ndi Baibulo ambiri modzichepetsa "zidole" ndalama kuchuluka seveni chithunzi dollar (pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu).

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Drones m'mayiko onse

utsogoleri US chaperekedwa kwa ukulu wa asilikali ndi sayansi, kukhulupirira kuti zovuta kwambiri njira nkhondo, choncho ndi zosavuta. Izi si nthawi zonse zoona, koma poona angathe chitsanzo luso ayenera kuganizira zofuna za opanga. Lero, ambiri akatswiri ankhondo , zinadziwika kuti udindo wa UAVs mu vuto nkhondo yeniyeni n'zochulukadi, koma crucially n'zovuta kuitana ngakhale ndi Tambasula chachikulu. Iwo, kumene, kuthandiza magulu pansi, koma kwathunthu kuonetsetsa bwino simungathe, amene mwa njira zina anatsimikizira osati wopambana zotsatira za yokopa Army a US ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Komabe, m'mayiko ambiri agwirizana mpikisano, cholinga chimene anali kulenga zotsogola zouluka loboti. Features drones akusiyana malingana ntchito iwo adzakhala nawo.

The kupambana wamkulu mu munda wa luso wapanga Israel. Apa, ndithudi, ndi mbali yofunika ya Middle East nkhondo zisudzo. Mtunda ang'ono, kufufuza ntchito n'zofunika nthawi pafupifupi chenicheni. Poyamba, zofuna okwera pa TTD drones anapereka mayendedwe a chitukuko cha kalasi ya zida, ndipo tsopano m'mayiko onse ali pachiopsezo cha mikangano m'dera lanu, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zimene anachitira Aisiraeli, kugula zida kapena kupanga chitukuko wake. Zikuphatikizapo Turkey, India, Britain, m'mayiko pafupifupi onse European NATO membala ndipo, ndithudi, Russia.

Zopatsa wa drones mu Russia

Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kunena kuti ziyenera moyenera mwayi wa kalasi ya zida zathu mdziko lathu Analandira nthawi yomweyo. Ambiri mwa kupambana chidwi cha zovuta zathu asilikali mafakitale pakati pake penipeni akadali kapangidwe Soviet, limene kwa makhalidwe ake onse wathedwa, ngati luso lina lirilonse, kuti obsolescence. Mu nthawi ya akuluakulu a Unduna wa silikhali Serdyukov pa drones Russian izo kukacheza chidwi kuchuluka - rubles biliyoni zisanu (za $ 170 miliyoni), koma mmene anali wodzichepetsa. Mu mawu a mtumiki, poyerekezera aliyense zitsanzo yachilendo ya zochitika m'banja sanapite. Komabe, kuli ndi drones ungwiro kuposa ajombera wathunthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo (2009) anaganiza kugula woyamba mu Israel, ndiyeno co-kupanga zolinga zimenezi zipangizo reconnaissance.

Kuchuluka okwana mgwirizanowo kwa kampani Aeronautics silikhali Systems zoposa $ miliyoni makumi asanu (12 zidutswa). Zotsatirazi asanu UAVs "Orbiter" losiyana ndi kasinthidwe yapita kukodzedwa, kotero zodula, pa 600 zikwi. Pakuti aliyense.

Kodi tingatani kutenga nkhani zinachitikira maiko bwino kwambiri, si lofanana ndi mavuto ena kuthetsedwa potsatira njira zoweta. mayunitsi Intelligence of wapawiri-ntchito, anapanga ankapitabe olowa zitha kupereka kutsogolera koyamba kwa kupanga Russian. Ilo anatenga ulamuliro pa kampani "Tupolev" imene cholinga chake polenga zimakhudza drone zovuta Lachiwiri 300. Pali zochitika zina, zochita pa kugula amene analandira ndi unduna wa chitetezo pa maziko mpikisano.

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama bajeti allocated msonkhanowu ndi mlingo njira zamakono makampani zoweta chitetezo imatipatsa kuyembekezera kuti posachedwapa drones Russian adzakhala wopambana mu dziko. Kapena, pafupifupi, sadzakhala concede chilichonse analogues yachilendo. Kuliganizira ndi makina anaikira nkhondo amagetsi.

Ndipo momwe ntchito?

Management UAV ndi apadera monga mwachizolowezi ntchito woyendetsa. Mtengo ndi zovuta makina mosavuta wosweka pansi, kupanga ankafika zosamveka. N'zotheka kutaya chifukwa cha silinakwaniritsidwe mchitidwe kapena mdani moto. Monga ndege labwinobwino kapena ndege, drone tiyenera kuyesetsa kusunga ndi linanena bungwe m'dera la ngozi. chiopsezo, ndithudi, osati mofanana pa nkhani ya "moyo" ndi ogwira ntchito, komanso kutaya mtengo zida Sikuti. Masiku ano, ambiri m'mayiko, mlangizi ndi kuphunzitsa zinthu wochitidwa ndi oyendetsa odziwa ndapeza kulamulira UAV lapansi. Kawirikawiri si akatswiri aphunzitsi ndi akatswiri kompyuta Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi chodziwikiratu kwa nthawi yaitali. Zimafunika "woyendetsa pafupifupi" zimasiyana ndi zimene zikhudza cadet tsogolo chikuonetseratu kuti ndege sukulu. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti mpikisano pakati pa ntchito pa zapaderazi "UAV woyendetsa" adzakhala ndithu.

Ululu wa Chiyukireniya

Popanda kupita maziko ndale za nkhondo mu zigawo kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, n'zotheka kudziwa zoyesayesa zinalephereka kwambiri kuchita mpweya reconnaissance ndege An-30 ndi An-26. Ngati woyamba lalembedwa makamaka mlengalenga kujambula (makamaka mtendere), wachiwiri - yekha kusinthidwa kwa zonyamula zoyendera An-24. ndege onse anawomberedwa pansi ndi militiamen moto. Koma nanga bwanji drones mu Ukraine? Chifukwa iwo ntchito kuti mudziwe malo a asilikali kupanduka? Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Iwo sali.

Against maziko a mavuto azachuma okhazikika m'dziko zikutanthauza zofunika kwa chilengedwe cha zida zamakono, sanapezeke. Ukraine drones kukhala pa siteji ya zojambula kuyambirira, kapena zipangizo yosavuta panokha. "Pilotage" Ena a iwo anasonkhana ku chitsanzo ndege wailesi womwe, anagula mu sitolo. Mofananamo, ntchito ndi militias. Si kale pa TV Chiyukireniya anasonyezedwa ankati downed Russian drone. Photo, lomwe limasonyeza yaing'ono osati mtengo kwambiri chitsanzo (popanda kuwonongeka) kwa artisanal njira Ufumuyo kanema kamera, sangathe kutumikira monga fanizo la mphamvu aukali lankhondo la "mnansi kumpoto."