Organic feteleza: zoyimira ndi chikhalidwe chawo. The ntchito feteleza organic

Kodi mu dziko kusiyana ulimi, anthu omwewo ndi feteleza organic ntchito kubala pyakusowa. Mitundu ndi chikhalidwe chawo ayenera n'komwe ntchito, monga aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Anthu ena ayenera kupanga nthaka mu kugwa, ndi zina pa nthawi ya kubzala, ndi ena mu nyengo kukula. Ubwino organics lagona zotsatira zake zopindulitsa pa chikhalidwe cha zomera, mu kusintha nthaka, kuonjezera zokolola ndi mtengo wotsika, chifukwa kuphika mlimi aliyense mu munda wake mseri.

Organic feteleza: icho chiri

anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo kuti, iwo amati, ali ndi manyowa ndi kompositi. Yankho zolondola, koma chosakwanira, chifukwa feteleza organic ndi zinyalala anthu ndi nyama, komanso kungotaya chuma ndipo ngakhale mafakitale, amene ali ofunikira zakuthupi zomera mawonekedwe a mankhwala organic. Njirazi ndi monga:

- manyowa;

- mbalame zitosi;

- ndowe;

- yl;

- zinyalala nkhuni processing zomera (utuchi, makungwa, ndi zina zotero);

- peat;

- zomera zobiriwira manyowa;

- kompositi;

- phulusa;

- fupa chakudya;

- humus;

- zovuta organic.

mipweya

Malinga kuchokera pamwamba mndandanda pamwamba, pali feteleza organic. Mitundu ndi makhalidwe makamaka zimadalira gwero, kuwonjezera, ndi njira ya ulimi fetereza. Mu aliyense wa iwo ali ndi:

- asafe;

- potaziyamu;

- phosphorous;

- kashiamu;

- wapadera organic mankhwala (a chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri kuti bwino dongosolo nthaka).

organic fetereza zochepa monga:

- madzi;

- mankhwala enaake a;

- asidi sulfurous;

- silicic asidi;

- oxides zitsulo zina ndi zinthu zina.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane, kodi ndi mmene ali uliwonse wa feteleza organic.

manyowa

Izi feteleza lofunika kwambiri ndi wina kuposa ndowe za ziweto, kupatula amphaka ndi agalu. Malinga mtundu wa nyama kulandira osiyana zikuchokera feteleza organic. Mitundu ndi makhalidwe awo komanso amadalira siteji ya kuphika ndondomeko, amene zotsatirazi:

- manyowa atsopano (anapanga okha mu kugwa, pambuyo nthaka analima mwachindunji);

- polupereprevshy (udzu m'menemo amakhala mdima, mosavuta ogaŵikana zidutswa);

- anawola (mdima misa yunifolomu);

- humus.

The apamwamba siteji manyowa kuphika, m'pamenenso wotaya misa, ndi bwino kuwola ndinso organic ndi bwino khalidwe.

N'kofunika, ena zinyalala kukonzekera feteleza ili.

Mipweya ya manyowa atsopano (%) pa udzu / peat

chinyama	phosphorous	kashiamu	potaziyamu	asafe	mankhwala enaake a	Org.veschestvo	madzi
Coney	0.28 / 0,25	0.21 / 0.44	0.63 / 0.53	0.58 / 0.8	0.14 / 0	24.5 / 0	71.3 / 67
ng'ombe	0.23 / 0.22	0.4 / 2.4	0.5 / zosakwana 0,48	0.45 / 0.6	0,11 / -	20.3 / 0	77.3 / 77.5
nkhumba	0,19	0,18	0,6	0,65	za 0,04	25	72,4
Mbuzi ndi nkhosa	0,23	0,33	0,67	0,83	0,18	31,8	46,6

Malinga pa gome, mu nkhumba manyowa ndi kashiamu pang'ono kwambiri kotero laimu anawonjezera thereto.

Ndi fetereza wabwino ndi manyowa ochokera akalulu. Koma kwa nutria akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito anawola manyowa kapena kuwonjezera kwa manyowa ndi.

Njira yosungirako

Manyowa ndi nyama zosiyana - ndi zinthu zina, osiyanasiyana organic feteleza. Mitundu ndi makhalidwe awo mwachindunji zimadalira mmene iwo zasungidwa. njira akhale motere:

1. Khalidwe wazolongedza. Ku atsopano manyowa milu kupanga mpaka 3 mamita m'lifupi ndi 2 m mu msinkhu, sifikira. Ndi njira zoterozo mu stacks (T = +70 ° C) yokonza ndondomeko amatenga pafupifupi 4-5 miyezi amene anataya mpaka mmodzi mwa atatu misa pachiyambi.

2. yobweretsa wazolongedza. Manyowa mwatsopano akuchita chimulu cha ku wazolongedza lotayirira, koma manyowa pamene mwamphamvu tamped wokutidwa ndi airtight filimu. Mu stacks ngati kutentha sasefukira pamwamba +35 ° C, ngakhale chilimwe. Kukula njira kumatenga za 7 miyezi, ndi kulemera koyamba atayika kuti 1/10 gawo. Wandiweyani stacking - njira yoyenera kwambiri yosungirako.

3. Khalidwe kulongedza katundu ndi chisindikizo. Manyowa atsopano kupanga lalifupi lotayirira okwana mpaka 3 m. Pa tsiku lachisanu la nkhosa yamphongo, ndi pamwamba okwana latsopano wosanjikiza lotayirira. Izi mobwerezabwereza mpaka mulu ukufika mamita awiri, kenako ali ndi zojambulazo. Kwathunthu manyowa anawola Motero aumbike mwa miyezi 5.

Kodi kutsatira

Kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza organic, monga manyowa, ali zidule yake. Choncho, chifukwa ofunda mabedi abwino kavalo manyowa, chifukwa padali madzi pang'ono. Iwo m'manda mu ngalande wapadera kukokera kunja kwa mpanda makama, ndipo pambuyo kufunika kwa izo Mwamsanga, kutaya pa munda. Pa dothi kuwala azigwiritsa ntchito manyowa ochokera ng'ombe, ndi katundu - kuchokera nkhosa, mbuzi ndi akavalo. Pakuti masika m'dzinja analima mu nthaka kapena polupereprevshy mwatsopano ndi humus analengedwa mu kasupe. Ngati fetereza ndi ang'ono, nkokoma kuti si pa malo lonse, koma zitsime. Pamene chodzala mitengo ndi zothandiza kwambiri iliyonse dzenje kuti mpaka makilogalamu 10 a humus.

Zofunika! No simungathe kupanga manyowa mwatsopano pansi chikhalidwe chilichonse. Iwo allocates amoniya, amene chimawononga mbewu. malamulo wamba kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kulibe, popeza osiyana aliyense chikhalidwe ndipo mwachindunji amadalira ubwino wa nthaka.

M'masitolo mungapeze manyowa Tingafinye. Komanso ndi fetereza kwambiri, koma kwa zomera. Kusintha mkhalidwe wa nthaka, ndi wopanda pake.

Madzi organic fetereza, mitundu ndi makhalidwe

Pali zosiyanasiyana feteleza, mungathe kuchita nokha, popanda ndalama. Amene ali ndi mwayi, iwo ntchito manyowa. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito mawonekedwe olimba, koma inu mukhoza kukhala madzi organic fetereza - mullein ndi slush. Last anawakonzera kuthira madzi chopondapo ng'ombe. Ntchito mwamtheradi zomera aliyense feteleza, ngakhale maluwa. Pankhaniyi kutenga ndowa 1 lita mullein. si koyenera kuti akonze slurry. Ndi mbali ya manyowa ndi madzi. Pakuti feteleza madzi ndi infusions azitsamba, ndipo ngakhale mkodzo anthu, koma zambiri kuti pansipa.

The zikuchokera mankhwala slurry (%)

slurry	asafe	phulusa	phosphorous	potaziyamu	organics	madzi
mbali 100	0,15	1,07	0.01	0,49	0,7	98,2

Malinga pa gome, kuti pafupifupi munthu umuna phosphorous, kotero anawonjezera kuti slurry superphosphate (pafupifupi 15 g pa lita).

zinyalala

Amakhulupirira kuti zabwino organic fetereza anachokera ku manyowa a nkhunda ndi nkhuku. Pang'ono kwambiri kuposa amasokoneza kungotaya atsekwe ndi abakha.

Store nkhuku manyowa n'zofunika chidebe chatsekedwa kapena kukhomerera ndi peat, udzu, utuchi, monga iye mwamsanga wotaya asafe ake chigawo. Mbalame ntchito feteleza masamba, mitengo, mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba yokongola ndi maluwa. Mu mawonekedwe woyera zilibe amathandiza, monga lembani madzi (1 gawo oragniki ndowa) ndi kunena kwa masiku 3. Pamenepo kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, kutenga mbali 1 a kulowetsedwa volumetric ndi 10 - madzi.

ndowe anthu

Ena alimi sakudziwa nkomwe chomwe mitundu zosowa ndi organic feteleza. Mmodzi wa iwo - nanu ndowe wathu. Poyamba, izi zinyalala thupi ukala chirichonse, iwo anafika pa malonda. Tsopano mtundu wa fetereza si otchuka, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi bwino. Tikumbukenso kuti nkhani fecal amatchedwa osati zopatsa mphamvu komanso mkodzo, amenenso abwino monga feteleza ndi. The nuance kokha - kuchokera izo ukuphwera nthawi yomweyo asafe, kotero biomaterial ayenera yomweyo pafupi akatha nthaka.

Mipweya ya ndowe (%)

chigawo chimodzi	asafe	phulusa	phosphorous	potaziyamu	ORG. thunthu	madzi
ndowe	1.6	3.4	1,23	0,55	19,4	77,2
mkodzo	1	1	0,15	0,18	4.2	94,8
osakaniza	1.1	osapitirira 1.3	0,23	0,22	5,7	93

Monga Tingaone pa gome, chopondapo ndi wangwiro kuwongolera khalidwe nthaka.

Kumene, alimi ambiri ali mantha ngakhale kuganiza za ntchito excreta anthu monga fetereza. Anthu amene ali kosalekeza zambiri, ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe ndi njira za kukonzekera organics amenewa. Kuchotsa ndi fungo, "zopangira" afunika kusintha ndi peat kapena, mu zikafika poipa, nthaka pepala. Ndi zotheka kukonza kuchokera masamba ndi mbewu zatsalira kompositi mulu mu zigawo kuika ndowe mu iwo. Pereprevat ali zaka zosachepera 3.

Mkodzo ntchito ngati fetereza ndi mwachindunji. Mitengo iyo siingakhoze kuchepetsedwa. Mbewu zina ndi zofunika kuti kuchepetsa ndi madzi pa chiŵerengero pafupifupi 1: 4. N'zothandizanso kutsanulira mkodzo kompositi milu.

peat

Pa funso lakuti: "Kodi mtundu wa feteleza - organic" Ambiri adzati, "Peat". Ambiri anthu afalitse, izo mwachangu kugulitsa masitolo onse maluwa, izo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito wamaluwa ambiri ndi horticulturists. Komabe, peat si kwambiri kothandiza zinthu kwa zomera manyowa iwo onse mwachisawawa. Komanso tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peat kuti kusiyana kwambiri khalidwe.

Mipweya (%)

mtundu peat	potaziyamu	kashiamu	phulusa	asafe	phosphorous
lowland	0.1 kuti 0,25	kuposa 6	8 mpaka 15	1.8 kuti 3.3	0.1 kuti 0,6
kukwera	0.1	zosakwana 0.5	zosakwana 5	0.2 do1,6	0,12
kusintha	0.1	0.5 kuti 2.5	0.5 w0, 8	1.2 kuti 1.8	0.1

Monga Tingaone tebulo, peat, makamaka m'zigwa, izo m'pofunika ntchito dothi acidic. Ntchito mitundu yonse ya peat muyenera kuwongolera dothi, malamulo a chinyezi, komanso kulenga apamwamba kompositi ndi kuphimbira mbewu iliyonse, koma fetereza ndi.

sapropel

Ena mitundu ya feteleza organic bwino kwa ife njira spa mu spas. Chotero nyanja yl mchere, malo madzi ataima, wotchedwa sapropel. Makamaka kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dera Rostov chifukwa nkhokwe yaikulu mu Nyanja Nero. Sapropel, umene ndi masamba ndi nyama zotsalira, kusungidwa mu malo kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi imeneyi ndi pang'onopang'ono linakwiriridwa, kukhala chofunika kwambiri organic fetereza, imene zambiri phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, ndi asafe mu 4-pindani kuposa mu manyowa. Ntchito sapropel kungakhale zikutsatiridwa kapena anawonjezera kuti manyowa a. Asanalowe mu pansi m'pofunika ventilate, fosholo ndi promorozit kuti idatuluka mwa Iye onse zosafunika zomera zinthu.

Utuchi, makungwa, fupa chakudya

Pali wotchipa ndi zothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera nthaka organic fetereza. mitundu ndi makhalidwe awa:

1. utuchi. Iwo bwino kumasula nthaka, kusintha mphamvu madzi atagwira ndi permeability mpweya, koma kuyamwa asafe kwa izo. utuchi mokwanira mkulu acidity (pH za 3-4), kotero tisanasankhe iwo wothira laimu slaked ndi mchere zovuta kapena asafe feteleza yekha. Mukhozanso moisten nyama mkodzo kapena feteleza madzi. Bwino ntchito anawola utuchi kapena kuwonjezera kwa kompositi mulu.

2. Drevessnaya khungwa. zinyalala Izi makampani nkhuni ntchito kulenga manyowa. Pakuti makungwa izi mwatsopano ndi nthaka, anaika mu dzenje, kuwonjezera zovuta feteleza mchere, moisturize. Fetereza ndi wokonzeka pambuyo pa theka la chaka, imene dzenje ayenera kukhala nthawi makungwa fosholo kuti moisturize ndi nkhani yake.

3. Bone Chakudya. Bwino amachepetsa acidity wa nthaka ndi abwino kwa madambo. Fupa chakudya ali ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira zomera kukula ndi fruiting. Yekha chenjezo - ntchito muyenera otsika-mafuta (vaporized ndi youma).

manyowa Green

Kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza organic zingasiyane kwambiri njira tafotokozazi. Tikuyankhula zokhudza manyowa wobiriwira - Chipinda afesedwa pa munda asanadzalemo mbewu yaikulu kapena pambuyo yokolola. Zikuphatikizapo mpendadzuwa, mpiru, lupine, clover, nyemba, Mapila, vetch, radish ndi malichnaya zina kucha zikhalidwe omwe akutipatsa kwambiri ya misa wobiriwira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu manyowa obiriwira monga efficiently ngati n'kotheka pa mchenga ndi osauka dothi manyowa, zimene koma akhoza kuchita m'nthaka iliyonse. Zomwe zili zinthu zothandiza manyowa obiriwira pafupifupi ofanana ndi manyowa. Mwachitsanzo, lupine pa 1 mita ² amapereka kulemera zobiriwira za 4 makilogalamu. Iwo ali avareji 18 ga asafe, 4.8 ga phosphorous, 6.8 ga potassium 19 ga calcium, magalamu 4.8 wa magnesium. wobiriwira manyowa chiwembu fetereza luso ili: mukakolola mbeu chachikulu pa munda afesedwa mbewu za zomera anasankha (ena inu mungakhoze basi kuwaza pa munda, ndi zina chofunika lidzaponyedwe grooves wa), madzi ngati kuli kofunika, ndipo dikirani masamba ndi, kutchetcha. Green misa akhoza analima mu nthaka, anaika mu maenje kompositi, kupereka chakudya. Ena manyowa obiriwira (mpiru, mafuta radish) kupatula feteleza, kuthandiza kuwononga mabakiteriya mu izo, monga muzu zowola, nematodes, ndi choipitsa ena.

nettle

Ngati mukufuna manyowa yaing'ono maluwa bedi, mungathe kwambiri fetereza nettle. odulidwa ake, anaika mu chidebe ndi kutsanulira madzi. Kukonzekera nettle fetereza masiku 3-5, imene nkhani za chidebe ayenera osokonezeka. Kuti mbisoweka chosangalatsa fungo, kodi zidzawonjezedwa kwa pomwepo kenaka wa valerian, ndi kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, kuwonjezera mkate, yisiti mukubwadamuka. The yomalizidwa fetereza chofunika kupsyinjika ndi ntchito powonjezera gawo 1 volumetric ooneka enieni 10 mbali madzi.

Zovuta feteleza organic

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa chabwino kwambiri moyenera mtundu wa fetereza, oyenera kudyetsa zomera, ndi kusintha khalidwe nthaka. Ntchito zawo mafakitale kupanga njira biofermentation, kupanga makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zinthu organic ndi mpweya atomiki. Izi akumasula mawonekedwe mankhwala mphamvu, umene uli wofunika kwambiri kwa zomera zogwirizana tizilombo. Ndisonyezeni zovuta feteleza organic ku manyowa, utuchi, manyowa, peat ndi ofanana mankhwala achilengedwe. mankhwala wotchuka "ZHTSKKU" "Squeak", "KOUD", "Gumi-OMI" "Biohumus". Kwenikweni, iwo onse kuikapo maganizo ndi zosavuta ntchito.