Republic Chibelarusi Anthu: kulengeza ndi mbiriyakale

Republic Chibelarusi Anthu anali kuyesa poyamba kulenga boma lawo la anthu a East Asilavo nthambi - Belarusians. Monga momwe zinachitikira zinali bwino, ndipo kuti chinali chifukwa chimene fragility kuli maphunziro? Tiyeni timutsatire pakutchulidwa la magawo chitukuko ndi imfa ya Republic Chibelarusi anthu.

Mbiri ya BPR

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha autocracy mu Russian Ufumu wa February 1917, kulimbana ndale akuyesetsa kwambiri, osati likulu - Petrograd - komanso kunja kwa mzinda wa mphamvu, yomwe adzuka magulu dziko. Wathunso tsoka ili ndi chigawo Chibelarusi, mmene zinthu zinalili zovuta kwa moyandikana wa Chirasha German kutsogolo. Chitachitika Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik mu October chaka chomwecho, zinthu sakuyenda kwambiri.

Kale mu November, yaikulu mumzinda mu Belarus - Minsk - msonkhano wa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi asilikali akuluakulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali kuchita msonkhano wa mabungwe Chibelarusi mayiko, amene anapanga cholinga cha maphunziro kudziyimira pawokha mwa boma Russian. Pa nthawi yomweyo lalikulu Chibelarusi yamalamulo unakhazikitsidwa. Mu December 1917, Choyamba Onse-Chibelarusi Congress unachitikira mu mothandizidwa bungwe ili. Koma Bolsheviks osati anatenga gawo mmenemo, komanso ndi mphamvu odukaduka msonkhano.

zinthu zinasintha kwambiri pambuyo imakhala mu March 1918 a pangano mtendere Brest pakati Soviet Russia ndi ku German Ufumu. mgwirizano umenewu umaphatikizapo ntchito ambiri m'mayiko Chibelarusi ndi asilikali a ku Germany. mwambo umenewu wokonzedwera kulengeza Republic Chibelarusi anthu.

Kulengeza BNR

Kale pa March 9 anali kulengeza Republic boma Chibelarusi anthu. Ichi chidachitika Komiti ya Executive wa Onse-Chibelarusi Congress. Komanso ananena kuti BNR kugawira mwayokha pa mbiri m'mayiko Chibelarusi onse zigawo anthu Belarusians yosiyanasiyana. Koma malire enieni a gawo ankati ndi Republic Chibelarusi Anthu, ndipo sichinayambe mwasankha. Kapena kunaikidwiratu udindo wa gulu latsopano - boma kwathunthu palokha, kapena kudziyimira pawokha mu Russia.

Tsiku lomwelo anali osankhidwa mutu wa Presidium wa Great Chibelarusi yamalamulo. Zikuoneka kuti kukhala woimira Chibelarusi Socialist Assembly Janka Sereda.

March 25 choikidwacho mfundo yomaliza, kumaliza siteji ya analengeza poyera Republic Chibelarusi anthu. Kuona udindo wa izo ananena momveka bwino. Udzatha wa Chibelarusi Rada BNR analengeza zimachitika palokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali anakhazikitsa malire a gawo limene chonena anali ndi mabwalo wamng'ono.

BNR - boma popanda statehood

Koma pa zifukwa zina Chibelarusi Republic Anthu (1918) ndipo sanathe kupeza statehood weniweni. Osati ntchito lomaliza ankaimba ndi maganizo okayikira wa akuluakulu German, ndiye kwenikweni kulamulira dziko. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo sanali amaletsa ntchito za BPR, koma ena - ali mwalamulo sanakhulupirire mabwalo, popeza anali mosiyana kwa Brest-Litovsk Pangano ndi Soviet Russia. m'mayiko ena komanso si mofulumira ndi kuzindikira boma wamng'ono.

Ndipotu Chibelarusi National Republic sanali kulamulira gawo, yomwe ankati, ngati iye anali pansi Germany, anali zida zachuma mu mawonekedwe a luso kuti athe kutolera misonkho, analibe gulu apolisi, kodi sakwanitsa Kutenga malamulo. Ambiri mwa malangizo ndi zigamulo za boma BNR anali za chikhalidwe mwangwiro declaratory. Choncho, chinenero anazindikira Belarus ndi likulu lake - mzinda wa Minsk.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, BNR anali ndi makhalidwe boma. sitampu kumeneko yekha ndi chovala mbiri ya manja a Grand Duchy la Lithuania - "Kufunafuna", mbendera, ndi red-ndi-woyera mitundu iwiri, anali mtundu wa mabungwe, ndi malamulo ndi wamkulu. Ngakhale zinachitika pofuna kupanga ake ankhondo mwini nkhondo, Koma zinalephereka.

Kugwa kwa BNR

Mavuto pomanga boma yake anachititsa kugawanika mu chipani otsogolera BNR - Chibelarusi Socialist Assembly. Koma chiyambi cha mapeto sitinakhale nayo nthawi kupanga lisanathe Republic tinganene kuti agonje wa asilikali German mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse ndi achire wa asilikali dziko malinga ndi Pangano la Versailles. Pambuyo pake, tsogolo la BNR linasindikizidwa, choncho boma zokakhala ku Minsk kuti Grodno.

Pa dera la dera Smolensk mu January 1919 , Soviet Russia analenga chidole boma - Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, zomwe zinali zobvomerezeka ndi Bolsheviks chokha. Ndi thandizo la Red Army, izo zikanakhoza mofulumira kufalitsa kukopa kwake pa maiko onse Chibelarusi, kupatulapo mzinda wa Grodno, amene anagwidwa Zitsulo.

Komabe, ndi thandizo la Poland, amene anatenga Minsk pa Polish-Soviet nkhondo, mu August 1919, BPR boma akanatha kubwerera kwa likulu lake, koma Red Army mu December anali wokhoza kuti abwezeretse mphamvu ya Bolsheviks m'mayiko Chibelarusi.

Nyumba ya malamulo Chibelarusi potsiriza amakakamizidwa amasamuka dziko, woyamba mu Poland kenako Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Germany, USA.

Tsoka wotsatira

Sadzamwanso boma BNR sanabwerere ku dera la Belarus. Komanso, ngakhale mu ukapolo, gulu chinaperekedwa ku amang'amba ambiri chifukwa maganizo divergent atsogoleri ake. Choncho, gawo limodzi la Chibelarusi yamalamulo mu 1925 anakhazikitsa kulanda mphamvu zawo za Chibelarusi Soviet Socialist Republic. Komabe, gawo lachiwiri ali mwamphamvu pa izo.

BNR boma ukapolo awonongedwa lero, ndipo zilibe kuzindikira woyenera chifukwa pambuyo Soviet Republic of Belarus, ngakhale poyamba ndipo anali ndi cholinga zimenezi. Koma kuchokera pamene mu Belarus Pulezidenti Alexander Lukashenko Rada anakana ku dongosolo pachiyambi.

Zambiri BNR adakali zizindikiro za chitsutso Chibelarusi.

Chifukwa kugwa kwa BPR

N'chifukwa chiyani si monga Republic boma Chibelarusi Anthu? Zadzidzidzi ndi tsoka la mapangidwe yochepa ankakhala ndi ofanana kwambiri pa mbiri ya mayiko zina zimene anatuluka m'mabwinja a Russian Ufumu. The zifukwa za kugwa kwa statehood Chibelarusi panthawi kuti:

• unagawanika mu kusuntha dziko;
• thandizo ofooka am'deralo;
• sanali kuzindikira kuti BNR maiko ena;
• Bolshevik alowererepo.

Kuphatikiza mfundozi anakonzeratu tsogolo la Republic Chibelarusi anthu.