The August 1991 kulanda boma ndi zotsatira zake kwa dziko

Today m'mabukhu mbiri yakale ayenera kupezeka chochitika modabwitsa monga August putsch mu Moscow, umene unachitikira 19 mpaka 21 August 1991. Ngakhale kuti achiwembuwo chiyani sakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, mfundo yakuti chochitika wachititsa kusakhutira monga mbali ya malamulo atsopano anathamangitsa ndi Gorbachev ndi Yeltsin ndi adani ake. Zimene zikuchitika ku dziko wakhala kwambiri moti mphamvu iliyonse zingachititse kuti zochitika kwambiri, mpaka Civil nkhondo.

Kotero, kuti mwachikulu kuunikira zonse pamenepo, muyenera mosamala kuunikila zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma amene anapambana pa mapeto a zaka 80 XX ku Soviet Union. Ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro Mihaila Gorbacheva mu 1985, boma linali kukhazikitsa malamulo, amene anadzatchedwa "kukonzanso." Iwo anali umalimbana kusintha kwakukulu kwa dongosolo anakonza chuma ndi kuyambitsa kwa chuma msika izo asaaonerera. Komanso, dongosolo maganizo komanso wakhala wofooka chifukwa nzika ali ndi mwayi kuti ena kuposa maganizo a boma pa izi kapena zina zochitika.

August putsch anali apotheosis za moyo pano, pamene dziko chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi modabwitsa lidagawikana m'magulu awiri - kumbali ya malamulo atsopano ndi adani ake. Pa mutu wa kuwukira anaima G. Ya. Yanaev, VA Kryuchkov ndi D. T. Yazov. Zimene zikuchitika ku 80s malemu zovuta chifukwa chakuti chifukwa cha malamulo, komanso n'kulephera mu zochita za boma ndi matupi wamkulu m'munda, chakudya ndi chofunika mavuto zayamba mu dziko. Izi zapangitsa anthu ambiri n'cholinga choti ayambenso dongosolo zokomera, koma ulendo kubwerera sanalinso ...

August 19, 1991 analengeza mu Moscow Pulezidenti Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev mongoyembekezera kuchotsedwa bolodi chifukwa chodwala, ndipo mphamvu zonse amapita ku komiti boma pa boma la mwadzidzidzi (Emergency Committee). Ichi chinali August kulanda boma, lomwe limasonyeza bwino acuteness kuti zimene zinkachitika mu dziko ndiye. Mwamwayi, chifukwa mofulumira ndi momveka ayankhe ndi KGB, akuluakulu a nkhondo, komanso Boris Yeltsin anakwanitsa kupewa kuphana, ndi kokha anthu angapo anavulala chifukwa cha zimene zinachitika lonse.

putschists anali ndi cholinga choti kuchotsa Gorbachev, kuteteza kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Boris Yeltsin kubwerera ku dongosolo lakale zokomera, ndi kuteteza kugwa kwa Soviet Union.

Ambiri mwa nzika wathu, pamene maganizo ofooketsa kuti kulanda boma, chifukwa kwenikweni anali kubwerera kwa zaka opondereza ulamuliro, ndi kufufuza kwambiri, yogawa bwino njira yopanga, komanso satha kuchita bizinesi. Komabe, pa kaonedwe ka tsiku pano August 1991 kulanda boma chaka n'zotheka amanena kwambiri wodzisunga, monga zam'tsogolo wa 1992-1995 anasonyeza kuti ena mphindi opandukawo anali kulondola, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyo dziko lathu anali kwenikweni anagonjetsa, mabizinezi ambiri anasiya, akatswiri woyenera anatsala popanda ntchito ndi funde la banditry ndi hyperinflation. Mwamwayi, nthawi imeneyi anakwanitsa kugonjetsa, koma tiyenera kukumbukira August kulanda boma, chifukwa ndi mtundu wa chenjezo kwa kuthekera kwa zinthu zimenezi analamula, umene unachitika mu m'tsogolo.

Ndithudi, palibe wina cholakwika achiwembuwo monga chiwembu sayenera kutenga malo mu dziko lililonse. Zonse ziyenera kuchitika mwapadera mu mtendere zikuluzikulu demokalase Komabe, mbiri ikusonyeza kuti kusintha mtendere pafupifupi konse zimachitika, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi misa mungayambe ndi kuwononga.

Putsch mu Moscow anachititsa kumveka kwambiri chikhalidwe, lomwe kwazaka zingapo akusokoneza anthu a, komanso maganizo a anthu anaonera ndi akuluakulu a boma. History ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse, chifukwa amamuchititsa kubwereza yokha ...