Timayesa kuyankha funso la chimene chiri magwero a zithunzi zakale

zakale, Kodi lero ochepa mukudziwa, monga ulamuliro, akatswiri yopapatiza m'munda wa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya philology. Pakali pano, chifukwa cha kulemba zakale tingathe kulemba maganizo ndi mawu awo pa pepala. Choncho, m'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kuyankha funso la chimene chiri magwero a zithunzi zakale.

zakale ndi chiyani?

Zolemba kulemba anali mtundu wakale wa kulemba chimene timitengo mwapadera wakuthwa pa mapale adayikidwa ena mbale.

Monga mtundu wa zilembo zakale unachokera mu chikhalidwe Chisumeriya. Zimenezi zinathandiza kulanda kudziwa ku mibadwomibadwo ndipo anathandiza chakuti dziko watenga ndi udindo waukulu mu dziko wakale.

Komanso, ofukula mitundu yambiri ya zilembo wakale, ofanana zakale lapansi. Izi zakale Persian, otchedwa Chiugariti, ndi Cypro-Minoan syllabary.

Dziko wotchuka zakale

Tsatirani funso kuti kodi chiyambi cha zithunzi zakale kufufuza boma kulemba wotchuka komanso kuphunzira Chisumeriya wa Babulo chikhalidwe.

Woyamba mapale a dziko, kudziwika kwa asayansi amakono, unayamba 3500 BC. e.

Pakati pa mitsinje Amabereka ndi Firate izo chakhazikika onse Chisumeriya ufumu kudziwika. Zinali boma ndi anthu a mumzindawo ndi malamulo ake, ndi mwambo wolemera mabuku amene amapanga mapiritsi dongo.

Pamiyala izi kulemba mfundo zosiyanasiyana: wotsogolera wa malamulo udindo m'banja.

Zizindikiro okha kwambiri ndi phindu anali pafupi m'nkhaniyi. Komabe, iwo kale anasankha osakaniza ena mwa mawu ndi anafunika kuposa hieroglyphs ku Iguputo.

The amanena za chiyambi cha kulemba zithunzi zakale

Chiyambi cha zithunzi zakale ku Mesopotamia ali malingaliro angapo. Malinga ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ambiri, panali mapale zithunzi motere.

Eni wambiri lalikulu ulimi ubusa anali kusunga malipoti a chuma chawo. Pakuti dongo, omwe anali ndi maganizo mbali, anapanga mafano wapadera, wotchedwa mphatso. Mphatso anali kuumbidwa mu mawonekedwe a nyama kapena nkhuku, komanso mu mawonekedwe a mbewu, mazira, etc.

Mphatso inakhazikitsidwa mu chiwiya dothi, kuti chisindikizo chisindikizo munthu wa nkhondo, chifukwa chokha chimene iye ankayenera kupeza zinthu ngati zimenezi.

Komanso, ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko cha munthu, panali mwambo lembani chizindikiro makonzedwe zizindikiro izi pa chivundikiro cha chotengera dongo, ndipo pomwepo chotengeracho anali anasintha ndipo inasanduka piritsi yosavuta dongo.

Kusintha ndi kalembedwe zithunzi. Ngati iwo anali ndi khalidwe la imitative ndipo anali ofanana ndi a nyama zomwe zikuonetsa kuti tsopano anasankha kuletsedwa ndi schematically mwa kufinya iwo mu dongo atsopano kapena ngakhale ntchito yapadera inki kulemba ndodo.

Choncho, tingathe kumvetsa chimene ndi chiyambi cha zithunzi zakale, ndi chizindikiro kale.

Polumikiza pictograms awiri osiyana anapereka mawu atsopano. Motero ideography ndi ntchito zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pamodzi Zizindikiro ziwiri kwa dzira ndi nkhuku, izo zimatanthauza "chonde ndi ubwino." Zolemba zolemba bwino ndithu kulola ife kuti tikambirane mbali zimenezi.

Mwa njira, zakale, amene adanyamuka chikhalidwe Sumeri, kufalitsa mwamsanga ku Middle East, motsutsana ndi Chinese ndi hieroglyphs Iguputo. zizindikiro zokwana anali losavuta kumvetsa, iwo kukhala kosavuta kukumbukira ndi kulemba. Natenepa lero pano iwe angaphunzire ndithu lalikulu Mapale ndi zochitika.

akatswiri a masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti Sumeri zakale kulemba ndi mphamvu zina pa kulemba Foinike, zimene pamapeto, motsogoleredwa kulengedwa kwa wakale zilembo Greek, ndiwo mtundu wa kholo la alifabeti ya dziko.

Komabe, patapita mtundu uwu kulemba watayika. akhala agona mu dziko lapansi, mapale, ngati iwo sali mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi adza kwa asayansi European.

History chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zizindikiro zakale

Kuphunzira funso la chimene chiri magwero a zithunzi zakale, inu simungakhoze kunyalanyaza vuto la chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti iwo.

Kuyesa kumvetsa zizindikiro asayansi apanga m'zaka 19. Zida anali chizindikiro pa mbale kenako nthawi kulemba maudindo a olamulira ndi nyota awo.

M'kupita kwa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja ku Babulo wakale, osati zitsanzo zambiri za mapale anapezeka, komanso mtundu wa dictionary, amene anaphunzira makalasi chapamwamba dziko.

Chifukwa anapezazo awa, ambiri mapale kuwerenga. Azambiriyakale kupereka deta kwambiri za moyo Sumeria wakale. Pakali pano, kukhala undeciphered zakale zolemba yekha zitsanzo, otchedwa proto-Chisumeriya kulemba.